Practice Test 4 Flashcards
A. Eukaryotes have promoter sequences while prokaryotes do not
A. Prophase I
Option B. Prophase II – This option is incorrect because synapsis (pairing of the homologous chromosomes) occurs during prophase I. In prophase II, the homologous chromosomes have already separated, and this therefore cannot be the answer.
Option C. Metaphase I – This option is incorrect because synapsis (pairing of the homologous chromosomes) occurs during prophase I. In metaphase I, the homologous chromosomes have already paired up and are lined up at the equator of the cell. Therefore, since synapsis has already occurred in metaphase I, this cannot be the correct answer.
Option D. Metaphase II – This option is incorrect because synapsis (pairing of the homologous chromosomes) occurs during prophase I. In metaphase II, the homologous chromosomes have already separated, and this therefore cannot be the answer.
Option E. Anaphase II – This option is incorrect because synapsis (pairing of the homologous chromosomes) occurs during prophase I. In anaphase II, the homologous chromosomes have already separated, and this therefore cannot be the answer.
A. Troponin [9
Process of Elimination
Option B. Fibroblast – This option is incorrect because fibroblasts are a type of cells involved in producing the extracellular matrix and collagen, and are the main connective tissue cells present in the body. They do not play a role in muscle contraction.
Option C. Collagen – This option is incorrect because collagen is a protein produced by fibroblasts and is the body’s most abundant protein. It is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. Collagen, however, does not play a direct role in muscle contraction.
Option D. Epiphysis – This option is incorrect because the epiphysis is the rounded end of long bones. It is not directly involved in muscle contraction.
Option E. CO3 – This option is incorrect because unlike calcium, carbonate is not involved in muscle contraction.
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B. Antibiotic resistance genes are mainly associated with R-plasmid
Option A. It can be passed on to other bacteria through transfection – This option is incorrect because transfection is a method of artificial gene transfer for eukaryotic cells, which involves uptake and integration of genetic material present in surrounding media.
Option C. A bacteria cannot be resistant against a specific antibiotic unless having encountered it before – This option is incorrect because antibiotic resistance is most commonly spread through conjugation, meaning that bacteria can acquire resistance from plasmid donors without ever having to encounter antibiotic agents.
Option D. Gene transfer by transformation is not a valid way for bacteria to acquire resistance genes – This option is incorrect because transformation, a method of artificial gene transfer where bacteria can uptake and integrate genetic material in their surrounding media, is a valid way of acquiring antibiotic resistance.
Option E. The only form of antibiotic resistance is decreased membrane permeability – This option is incorrect. Although knowledge of all forms of antibiotic resistance may be out of scope for the DAT, it wouldn’t be correct to assume there is only one way that bacteria can combat the effects of antibiotics, since there are many different types of antibiotics customized to destroy different strains of bacteria. There are in fact multiple mechanisms of resistance, including greater efflux of antibiotic agents, and modification of drug receptor site.
