Biology Test #5 Flashcards
In contrast to a prokaryotic organism, which of the following is unique to eukaryotic gene expression?
A. Presence of a promoter region
B. Use of RNA polymerase
C. Polyadenylation of RNA
D. Presence of nucleotides
E. Simultaneous transcription and translation
C. Polyadenylation of RNA [77%]
Process of Elimination
Option B. LH – This option is incorrect because LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone. In turn, testosterone, but not LH directly, helps promote spermatogenesis.
Option C. Estrogen – This option is incorrect because estrogen is involved in the menstrual cycle and in the development of secondary sex characteristics in females.
Option D. Triiodothyronine – This option is incorrect because triiodothyronine (T3) is one of the thyroid hormones responsible for the growth and neurological development in children and increasing basal metabolic rate.
Option E. GH – This option is incorrect because growth hormone (GH) stimulates bone and muscle growth. It does not have anything to do with the regulation of spermatogenesis.
Video Solution
Process of Elimination
Option A. High levels of cortisol – This option is incorrect because cortisol is a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal gland and not the kidney. Dysfunctional juxtaglomerular cells will not affect cortisol levels.
Option B. Decreased urine production – This option is incorrect because the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is responsible for increasing blood pressure in response to hypotension. This is achieved through various measures, one of which is the increased retention of water. In the absence of functional juxtaglomerular cells, this retention of water will not occur, and the volume of urine will effectively increase.
Option D. Low levels of blood urea – This option is incorrect because the kidney is responsible for eliminating toxic urea that is produced by the breakdown of proteins. If blood to the kidneys is reduced, the filtration rate is reduced, and the elimination of urea will decrease rather than increase.
Option E. Formation of kidney stones – This option is incorrect because kidney stones form as a result of calcium and oxalate levels being high enough that they precipitate out of the filtrate, or urine, to form crystals known as kidney stones. This has no direct relation to the failure of juxtaglomerular cells.
A. RuBP [
Process of Elimination
Option B. Rubisco – This option is incorrect because this is the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of CO2 to RuBP. Since it is an enzyme, it is neither consumed nor regenerated by the Calvin cycle.
Option C. RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase– This option is incorrect because this is another name for Rubisco. Since it is an enzyme, it is neither consumed nor regenerated by the Calvin cycle.
Option D. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) – This option is incorrect because a 3-carbon sugar. SIX molecules of G3P are produced for every THREE turns of the Calvin cycle. Of the SIX molecules of G3P, FIVE are used to regenerate THREE molecules of RuBP and ONE is used to produce half a molecule of glucose.
Option E. Glucose – This option is incorrect because 1 molecule of glucose is produced after 6 turns of the Calvin cycle (6 turns = 12 G3P; 10 G3P used to regenerate 6 RuBP, and 2 G3P used to produce 1 glucose).
Process of Elimination
Option B. Left ventricle – This option is incorrect because the left ventricle pumps blood to the entire body. In other words, it pumps blood through the systemic circuit.
Option C. Right atrium – This option is incorrect because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body through the superior and inferior vena cava.
Option D. Left atrium – This option is incorrect because the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
