Practice test Flashcards
According to Stemberg’s triangular theory of live, the combination of intimacy and passion results in
romantic love
Those who are dissatisfied with ____ love often engage in extra-relational affairs to maintain the passion in
companionate
Lisa feels unworthy of love and needs approval from others. She fears that her boyfriend does not really love her. Her attachment style is
anxious/ambivalent
According to attachment theory
all important love relationships are attachments
The hookup culture is believed to
make relationship building more difficult
Unrequited love is most likely to be experienced by people with _____ attachment style
secure
Jealousy
is a yardstick for measuring insecurity or possessiveness
Managing jealousy requires which of the following
the recognition by each partner of the feelings and motivation of the other
Our commitment to a relationship will remain high as long as we
judge the relationship to be successful
Maddie is very jealous even though there is no reason to believe her boyfriend is unfaithful. Maddie is experiencing which type of jealousy.
suspicious
Kate decided to leave her husband because she believed she was putting much more into the relationship than she was getting out o fit. Kate’s decision to leave was affected by
the balance of costs and benefits
Based on the feminization of love, we would expect that:
men’s expressions of love would be undervalued
Bridget is very attractive. Therefore, others assume she is also intelligent and kind. This phenomenon is referred to as:
the halo effect
The largest group of singles in the United States are those who are
never married
The increase in the number of single adults in the United States is due to all EXCEPT which one of the following?
more conservative sexual and social standards
Contemporary relationships among the unmarried are characterized by which of the following?
partners tend to be economically dependent on one another
Ben wants to get married, but not yet. He is busy now with school and still likes to “have a good time.” Ben would be characterized as which type of single?
voluntarily and temporarily unmarried
Between 1960 and 2008, rates of cohabitation in the United States
rose steadily
Cohabitation is
more likely among those with less education
Linda and Bill are very committed to one another and live together, but have no intentions of marrying. They like their relationship the way it is. This illustrates what type of cohabitation?
substitute for marriage
Who is LEAST likely to expect cohabitation to lead to marriage?
women who live with partners of low socioeconomic status
How does parenthood affect marriage?
it leads to a deterioration of marital functioning
T/F Among unmarried adults in the United States, a majority have never been married
True
The preferred marital arrangement world-wide is
polygamy
Our marriage system in the U.S. may best be described as
serial monogamy or modified polygamy
The family in which we grow up is known as the
family of orientation
Families are?
dynamic
Kate has not seen or heard from her mother since Hurricane Katrina hit the Louisiana town where there mother lived. She does not know for sure if her mother is dead or alive. Kate feels her mother’s psychological presence even though she is not physically with her. Pauline Boss uses the term ____ to describe what Kate is feeling.
ambiguous loss
Exchange theory predicts that we will stay in an unhappy relationships when:
the costs of leaving are greater than the reward of leaving and/or the costs of staying
Conflict theory has been criticized for:
assuming that differences lead to conflict
A scientist wants to conduct research to determine which variable causes another variable. Which method should the scientist use?
experimental
Mistaken beliefs that everyone has the same experiences and values as oneself and therefore should think the same way one does are called
egocentric fallacies
In the hypothesis, “marital status influenced by race,” marital status is the
dependent variable
The family over time has moved from being an economically productive unit to
a consuming, service-oriented unit
In the contemporary family, ____ have had great impact on reshaping the meaning and experiences of sexuality and parenthood
revolutions in contraception and biomedical technology
T/F Many researchers believe that both love and conflict are normal features of families
true
T/F Compared with what came both before and after, families in the 1950’s were unusually stable
true
Every time Tammy tells her husband Michael that she wants to talk about their marriage, Michael either leaves the room or changes the subject. This type of marital communication is referred to as
demand-withdraw communication
Markham found that negativity or positivity of a couple’s communication pattern had little impact on their marital satisfaction during the first year due to
honeymoon effect
The basic content of a message is expressed
verbally
One of the problems with nonverbal communication is
each person has a different “nonverbal language”
The term “sandwich generation” refers to
parents who are caring for dependent children and elderly parents simultaneously
The transformation of passionate love is often experienced as a _____.
crisis in the relationship
Perhaps the most important means of sustaining love is your _____. REF: p. 174
words and actions
Love that is not returned. REF: p. 164
Unrequited love
Infants who sense their mother’s detachment and rejection when they desire close bodily contact develop a(n) _____ attachment style. REF: p. 163
avoidant
According to attachment theory, _____. REF: p. 162
all important love relationships are attachments
Reiss refers to the situation in which two people develop ways of acting and being that cannot be fulfilled alone as _____. REF: p. 155
mutual dependency
Intimate love is based upon _____. REF: p. 172
commitment, caring, and self-disclosure
Marriage between those with similar social or personal characteristics. REF: p. 144
Homogamy
Marital commitments may last longer than those of unmarried couples because _____. REF: p. 154
normative inputs tend to favor marriage
A key component of intimate love is _____. REF: p. 174
self-disclosure
Companionate love consists of _____. REF: p. 160
Commitment and intimacy
Marriages built on principals of equity, equality, and “deep friendship” between spouses. REF: p.148
Peer Marriage
Which of the following takes the longest to develop in a relationship? REF: p. 170
commitment
The transformation of passionate love is often experienced as a crisis in a relationship. REF: p. 171
True
Diane and Jim are married to each other and live together with their two biological children. This group meets the definition of
a nuclear family
Ray and Debra are a middle-class couple with three children. Ray has a full-time job and supports the family financially. Debra stays home and takes care of the children. Ray and Debra’s family meets the definition of
a traditional family
A marriage system that is quite rare throughout world cultures is
polyandry
Nassira lives in a tribe in Zambia in which men have multiple wives. This is called
polygyny.
According to Lasch, the family became a “haven in a heartless world” in response to
Industrialization.
Intimacy
strongly influences physical and mental health.
Economists have begun to reexamine the family as a
productive unit.
The shaping of individual behavior to conform to social or cultural norms is referred to as
socialization.
Lisa and Jim have married and had a child together. This family they have created is, for Lisa and Jim, a
family of procreation
The status we are given in society is largely acquired through our
families.
The _____ system is the social organization of the family.
kinship
Sue is Kay’s mother-in-law. Their relationship is
conjugal
Mintz and Kellog suggest that _____ has been the norm in American family life from Colonial days to the present.
change, not stability
To study family patterns and issues, we need to understand that our attitudes and beliefs about families may affect and distort our efforts.
True
Emotional closeness may be more important than biology or law in defining family.
true
Consanguineous relationships include those of grandparents and grandchildren.
true
The ex-kin role has clearly defined rules in today’s society.
false
A group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together in a household is called?
The definition of family used by the US Census Bureau
“What you are saying is that you feel bad when you don’t acknowledge my feelings” is an example of _____. REF: p.204
paraphrasing
What activity prior to marriage will relate to marital satisfaction later? REF: p.186
Self-disclosure
A families patterned or characteristic response to events, situations, or persons (passing food at the table). REF: p. 182
Hierarchy of Rules
T/F? decision-making in the happiest marriages is based on power
False
Traditional male gender roles _____. REF: p.185
inhibit communication
The most common complaint of married partners is, “_____.” REF: p. 180
We don’t communicate
Principal of least interest…means?
The person less interested in sustaining a relationship has the greater power. REF: p.199
Most people have learned to handle anger by _____. REF: P. 202
accepting it
According to _____, the person gaining the most from the relationship is the one who is most dependent. REF: p.198
relative love and need theory
Our emotional states are expressed through our _____. REF: p. 181
our bodies
When power is achieved through the belief that the other has greater knowledge, it is called _____. REF: p.198
expert power
When power is achieved through the fear that one partner will punish the other, it is called _____. REF: p.198
coercive power
In communication, messages produce a result. REF: p.194
Feedback
Telling others that we like them for who they are is _____. REF: p.196
mutual affirmation
What type of research begins with a topical interest and perhaps some vague concepts?
Inductive research
Symbolic interaction theory examines?
How people interact with each other
Research method that is used in most marriage and family studies?
The survey method.
Equity is a key component of what theory?
social exchange
What is an example of a value judgement and what is the keyword that is frequently used?
“Everyone SHOULD get married”
What is an opinion based on?
Our experiences and ways of thinking
What is a bias?
A strong opinion that may create barriers to hearing anything contrary to our opinion
What is a stereotype?
A set of overgeneralized beliefs about personal characteristics about a certain group of people
What is the Conflict Theory?
Sees society as divided, with everyone in competition with one another. Focuses on the inequalities of society and how they influence the family
What was the colonial’s concept of children?
That they were perceived to be evil by nature and a small adult
What did the shift produce in the family in the 19th century?
New division of labor; men became the sole provider and bread winner
Marriages shifted to a focus in care and nurturing of children and
Focusing on the emotional support and well-being of adults
What two key factors did the African American family lack that gave white families more stability?
Autonomy and economic importance
How did gender roles change in the contemporary families?
They were more equal, due to the distribution of power
What is the feminization of power?
Fact that has resulted from high rates of divorce, increasing numbers of unarried women with children, and women’s lack of economic resources
Through gender, how do we identify ourselves?
self concept, social expectation and social roles, multidimensional, and personal and political
What are the two assumptions in the gender theory?
- That male-female relationships are characterized by power issues
- That society is constructed in a way that males dominate females
What does gender theory focus on?
- How specific roles or behaviors are defined as male or female
- How labor is divided between man and woman in both the household and workplace
- How different institutions place advantages on men
What are the three factors of gender development in adulthood?
college, marriage and parenthood and the workplace
androgynous?
expressing a wide range of attitudes and behaviors with no gender role differentiation. androgyny is the combination of both culturally defined feminine and masculine traits in an individual.
expressive traits?
personality traits that encourage nurturing, emotionality, sensitivity, and warmth
Hawthorne effect?
the distortion of research results that occurs when people modify their behaviors, either deliberately or subconsciously, because they are aware they are being studied
homogamy
the attraction of people who are alike in terms of various social and demographic characteristics such as race, age, religious background, social class, and education
marriage squeeze
a condition in which one sex has a more limited pool of eligibles from which to choose than the other does. sociologists use the concept to describe the phenomenon of an excess of baby boom women who had reached marriageable age during the 1960s compared with marriage-aged men
romantic love
a deeply tender or highly intense set of feelings, emotions, and thoughts coupled with sexual passion and erotic expression directed by one person toward another.
rapport?
feeling at ease or relaxed with one another (Reiss, wtl)
self-revelation
disclosure of personal and intimate feelings (reiss, wtl)
processes of Reiss’s Wheel Theory of Love?
- rapport
- self-revelation
- mutual dependence
- need fulfillment
binuclear family
children whose parents separate and divorce
Centrists are those that
share aspects of both conservative and liberal positions.
objectivity
to suspend the beliefs, biases, or prejudices we have about a subject until we understand what is being said.
Anonymity
no one, including the researcher, can connect particular responses to the individuals who provided them
stalking
obsessive rational intrusion
triangle theory of love
love is composed of intimacy, passion, and decision or commitment.
prototypes
models of what we mean by love
co-rumination
excessive disclosure or sharing of personal problems; focusing on negative feelings
Intimacy?
closeness between 2 people
When it comes to gender differences, our culture has taught us to
Exaggerate their degree and significance
Normative inputs
The values that you and your partner hold about love, relationships, marriage, and family.
