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practice test Flashcards

1
Q

how often should the lead apron and thyroid collar be disinfected

A

after every use

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2
Q

normal size adult patient film size for exposing a posterior periapical radiograph

A

2

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3
Q

how should the patients head be oriented when taking a pano

A

with the midsagittal plane perpendicular to the floor

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4
Q

how long should a DA wash hands for

A

15 sec min

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5
Q

DA technique to help with gagging

A

use a distraction

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6
Q

what can help protect patients from excess radiation dana he to tissues

A

high kVp

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7
Q

where is the expiration date on dental x-ray film printed

A

on the film packaging box

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8
Q

where should bitetabs placed on film for BW radiographs be positioned

A

white unprinted side of the packet

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9
Q

what landmark is useful when mounting films in the maxillary posterior area

A

floor of the maxillary sinus

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10
Q

how often should step wedge quality control tests for a dental x-ray machine be conducted ?

A

daily

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11
Q

equation used to determine the occupational maximum accumulated dose (MAD) of radiation

A

age - 18 x 5 rems/year

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12
Q

when does a panoramic image appear to have a “reverse smile”

A

when the frankfort plane is angled upward

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13
Q

what is contrast in a radiograph primarily controlled by

A

kVp

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14
Q

storing unexposed radiographic film in high humidity conditions may cause

A

film fog

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15
Q

for x-ray machines operating in ranges at or below 70 KVP the total aluminum equivalent filtration must be a minimum of

A

1.5 mm

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16
Q

the penetrating x-ray beam produced during dental radiography is called

A

primary radiation

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17
Q

what should the DA do before exposing a minor to radiographs

A

obtain consent from a parent or legal guardian

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18
Q

which radiograph technique is recommended for a patient with a shallow palate ?

A

bisecting

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19
Q

first step in processing radiographic film

A

developing

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20
Q

a film with damaged emulsion will appear

A

cracked

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21
Q

which landmark is useful when mounting films of the mandibular posterior area

A

mental foremen

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22
Q

when mounting periapical radiographs, what information helps to distinguish maximally molar radiographs from mandibular molar radiographs ?

A

the maxillary sinus sinus outline is visible

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23
Q

the amount of radiation and exposure time needed to produce a diagnostic radiographs is best determined by

A

film speed

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24
Q

a film with damaged emulsion will appear

A

cracked

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25
Q

intensifying screens is to

A

decrease the amount of the radiation exposure

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26
Q

when exposing radiographs the minimum distance the operator should stand from the tube head is

A

6 feet

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27
Q

an underexposed film will appear

A

light

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28
Q

what sequence best describes radiation injury to tissue

A

latent period, period of injury, period of recovery

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29
Q

radiation injury can be measured by

A

dose rate

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30
Q

what is a long term effect of radiation ?

A

genetic defects

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31
Q

phosphor plates are processed by using

A

laser beam technology

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32
Q

what increases density on duplicated film?

A

decrease the exposure time

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33
Q

what should x-ray machines be monitored for

A

radiation leakage

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34
Q

what cells exposed to radiation may be associated with leukemia?

A

somatic

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35
Q

according to the inverse square law, when changing PID length from 8 to 16 inches, the beam intensity is

A

1/4 as intense

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36
Q

light-colored radiographs result from

A

underexposure

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37
Q

when documenting a lesion going on a radiograph, what should all be documented?

A

size, appearance, & location

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38
Q

the maximum permissible dose (MPD) of ionizing radiation for occupational exposure is

A

5.0 rem per year

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39
Q

what condition may mimic caries on a intraoral radiograph

A

root resorption

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40
Q

when should gloves be placed on when giving an xray

A

after placing the led apron

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41
Q

what are CEPHALOMETRIC radiographs PRIMARILY used to evaluate

A

lateral jaw development

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42
Q

personnel monitoring for radiation exposure is done by

A

wearing a dosimeter

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43
Q

how frequently should processing solutions be replenished

A

daily

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44
Q

describe action of the developer solution

A

converts exposed silver halide crystals

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45
Q

the best way to correct a conecutting error is to adjust

A

film positions

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46
Q

compared to a dentulous (with teeth) patient, radiographic exposure time on an edentulous (teeth less) adult patient should

A

decrease

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47
Q

radiation that is formed by the interaction of the x-rays with matter is

A

secondary radiation

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48
Q

most bilateral findings in radiographs are considered

A

normal anatomic landmarks

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49
Q

what causes a dark image during film processing

A

overdeveloped film

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50
Q

what is first done to visually impaired patients

A

use touch to explain the equipment and procedure

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51
Q

processed films are handled by corners to prevent what

A

fingerprints

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52
Q

what lesion (damaged tissue) appears radiopaque on a radiograph ?

A

sclerotic bone

unusually hardness or thickness

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53
Q

what causes elongation on a radiograph?

A

insufficient vertical angulation

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54
Q

what film size is used for occlusal exposure?

A

4

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55
Q

don’t use what type of gloves to handle film in the daylight loader?

A

utility gloves

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56
Q

what extraoral radiograph is used to evaluate impacted teeth, large lesions & fractures of the mandible ?

A

lateral jaw projection

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57
Q

thyroid collar isn’t recommended for what type of radiographic exposure

A

panoramic

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58
Q

what measures the amount of radiation that reaches the surface of the skin?

A

roentgen

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59
Q

radiation that deflects off the patients head is called

A

scatter radiation

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60
Q

disposable intraoral x-ray film holder device

A

stabe

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61
Q

back-scatter radiation to the film is prevented by the

A

lead foil

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62
Q

when doing a pano on a edentulous patient, what would a DA use to stabilize the upper and lower arch on the bite block?

A

cotton rolls

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63
Q

to produce ionizing radiation, an atom must

A

add an electron

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64
Q

what helps decrease exposure of the thyroid gland from the primary radiation beam?

A

paralleling technique

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65
Q

most common radiograph exposure used to evaluate a dental IMPLANT

A

periapical

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66
Q

what influences the sharpness of a radiograph

A

focal spot size

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67
Q

what affects the speed of the electrons emitted from the tubehead?

A

kVp

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68
Q

which of the following affects the quantity of x-rays being emitted from the tubehead?

A

mA

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69
Q

double-ended film holder used for posterior and anterior teeth

A

eezee-grip

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70
Q

radiolucent landmarks useful when mounting films in the mandibular anterior area?

A

lingual foramen

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71
Q

diameter of the cone-shaped beam produced from a circular collimator is

A

2.5 inches

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72
Q

what do you adjust to produce wavelengths with the greatest penetrating power?

A

kVp

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73
Q

dilaceration in a radiographic image indicates the

A

root shape is abnormally bent or curved

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74
Q

most radiographic carious lesions appear

A

radiolucent (dark)

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75
Q

the annual maximum accumulated dose (MAD) of radiation for DA is based on what?

A

Age - 18 x 5rems/year

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76
Q

useful landmark when mounting films in the maxillary central areas?

A

anterior nasal spine

77
Q

radiopaque vs radiolucent

A

light vs dark

78
Q

after dismissal, clean counters with an EPA-registered

A

intermediate-level disinfectant

79
Q

cone beam computer tomography uses

A

3D technology

80
Q

cells most susceptible to radiation damage are

A

bone marrow

81
Q

patients should wear a thyroid collar during which type of radiographic exposure

A

intraoral radiograph

82
Q

the most radiolucent area on an anterior radiograph is the

A

nasal fossa

83
Q

paralleling technique requires the film to be placed

A

away from the tooth, toward the middle of the oral cavity

84
Q

on a full mouth series with eighteen films, how many anterior films are exposed?

A

6

85
Q

the most common artificial radiation exposure comes from

A

medical radiation

86
Q

maximum wattage for a safelight bulb should be

A

15

87
Q

leakage radiation is defined as any radiation that is

A

from the primary beam

88
Q

if there are no teeth to serve as guides, what landmarks indicates a maxillary molar area radiograph?

A

tuberosity

89
Q

the population most susceptible to radiation damage is

A

infants

90
Q

what prevents x-rays from escaping the tubehead?

A

leaded-glass housing

91
Q

during radiographic exposures, semi-critical items that must be sterilized or disposed of include

A

film holding devices

92
Q

when changing the 8-inch PID to a 16-inch PID, which of the following is used to determine the intensity of the beam

A

inverse square law

93
Q

processing tanks should be cleaned when the

A

solutions are changed

94
Q

compared to a round position-indicating device (PID), which of the following PIDs reduces patient radiation exposure up to 70%?

A

rectangular-shaped PID

95
Q

most effective method of reducing patient exposure to x-radiation?

A

fast film

96
Q

which radiolucencies may be mistakes for caries?

A

cervical burnout

97
Q

the Buccal Object Rule is used to determine if a foreign body is located in which direction?

A

lingual to buccal

98
Q

chemical agents should be properly disposed of according to

A

federal, state & local laws

99
Q

added filtration in the x-ray tubehead protects the

A

patient

100
Q

a radiograph will automatically be retaken when there is a

A

double exposure

101
Q

on a radiograph, the anterior alveolar crest normally appears

A

pointed and sharp

102
Q

purpose of aluminum disc in x-ray tube head

A

filter out long wave x-rays from the primary beam

103
Q

ALARA is primarily concerned with radiation that is

A

artificial

104
Q

remove film from protective packet, then

A

recycle lead foil in separate container

105
Q

what causes white spots to appear on radiographs?

A

fixer solution contacts the film

106
Q

what radiation effect increases in severity as more radiation is absorbed by somatic cells?

A

nonstochastic

107
Q

according to CDC, how are the transmission of pathogens minimized when using phosphor sensors to capture radiographic images?

A

by placing a plastic barrier over the sensor

108
Q

most common radiographic exposure used to detect periodontal disease is a

A

periapical

109
Q

human tissue is mainly composted of

A

water

110
Q

what part of x-ray machine should be covered or disinfected after each patient?

A

tubehead

111
Q

impacted third molars are best seen with what type of radiograph

A

panoramic

112
Q

when radiographs are mounted with the embossed dot appearing outward:

A

facial mounting

113
Q

when lowering PID, exposure time must

A

increase

114
Q

purpose of grid device on extraoral cassette

A

reduce scatter radiation reaching the film

115
Q

What happens to a radiograph when fixer solution is low?

A

Straight black line/border appears

116
Q

A pano with a dark shadow over the apices of the maxillary teeth may be caused by

A

Patient not placing tongue against the palate

117
Q

What results in a double image radiograph?

A

Exposing the same film twice

118
Q

Which film size is the longest?

A

3

119
Q

What gloves are required for the decontamination of the darkroom?

A

Nitrile utility

120
Q

one tooth is superimposed over the contact of another : means what?

A

overlapping

121
Q

compared to the paralleling technique, a DISADVANTAGE of the bisecting angle technique is

A

image distortion

122
Q

which of the following landmarks are located by the midline of the mandible

A

genial tubercles

123
Q

the occlusal plane will appear diagonal in the radiograph when there is an:

A

incorrect film placement

124
Q

when using an automatic processor, how many seconds should be allowed between the insertion of each dental film?

A

10

125
Q

blurred radiographs are often caused by

A

patient movement during exposure

126
Q

disadvantage of panoramic?

A

higher cost of equipment

127
Q

One taking an occlusal radiograph, the film packet should extend from the patient’s mouth by approximately

A

1/8-1/4 inches

128
Q

during the processing of an x-ray film, the removal of the halide portion of the exposed silver crystals is called?

A

reduction

129
Q

the PID (position -indicating device) shape that most effectively reduces patient exposure to radiation is

A

rectangular

130
Q

which PID produces the greatest amount of secondary radiation?

A

closed-end plastic cone

131
Q

measurement of force that refers to the potential difference between two electrical charges?

A

voktage

132
Q

what pathogen is not found in oral or respiratory secretions?

A

west nile virus

133
Q

when a processed film has a straight clear border on the upper edge

A

developer solution too low

134
Q

pregnant healthcare personnel can expose radiographs

A

their entire pregnancy

135
Q

If a patient did not remove earrings prior to exposing a panoramic the radiograph could have

A

ghost images

136
Q

The most important stuff the dentist can take to protect patients from x-radiation

A

properly prescribing radiographs

137
Q

what quality control test evaluates safe lighting in the darkroom

A

coin test

138
Q

how often should protective clothing be changed in an oral healthcare setting

A

when visibly soiled

139
Q

what film size is most effective for evaluating caries and periodontal heath when placed vertically in the anterior region of the mouth?

A

2

140
Q

measurement of tissue damage from x-ray energy?

A

radiation absorbed dose

141
Q

foreshortening of the maximally radiographic image results from

A

increased vertical angulation

142
Q

the American Dental Association recommends that radiographs be mounted with the embossed dots

A

all facing the same direction

143
Q

the most common reason for taking bitewing

A

to evaluate interproximal caries

144
Q

The optimum developing solution temperature for manual processing is

A

68 ° f

145
Q

The Best radiograph to evaluate a suspected salivary stone in the submandibular gland is an

A

occlusal

146
Q

most important responsibility of the DA in dental radiography is

A

implementing ALARA principle

147
Q

the edentulous radiographic series may include all of the following EXCEPT

A

bitewings

148
Q

radiation injury results from

A

exposure

149
Q

developing solution temperatures should be checked frequently when using

A

manual processing

150
Q

what organization regulates disinfectants and chemical sterilants

A

EPA

151
Q

the purpose of fixer solution

A

to remove unexposed silver halide crystals

152
Q

the radiation exposure that poses the greatest hazard to the operator is

A

leakage radiation

153
Q

A full mouth series of periapical radiographs taken on an endentulous patient will consist of

A

6 anterior & 8 posterior

154
Q

primary function of collimation is to

A

restrict the size of the beam

155
Q

The optimal temperature of the developer in automatic processing is

A

80-95° f

156
Q

What radiation injury theory describes cells that are damaged by way of absorption

A

indirect

157
Q

the median palatal suture is visible on what radiograph?

A

maxillary anterior periapical

158
Q

to help desensitize the tissue prior to film placement the DA should

A

rub a finger along the tissues where the film touches

159
Q

when transporting a disposable cup containing patients exposed film to the development area the DA should

A

carry the container UNGLOVED

160
Q

The most commonly used radiographic exposure for a three-year-old patient is

A

bitewing

161
Q

if the DA’s dosimeter badge report indicated exposure to radiation, what’s done first?

A

evaluate the x-ray equipment and technique

162
Q

What best describes what happens when two films contact each other during processing?

A

overlapped films

163
Q

supernumerary teeth are best detected using which film type?

A

panoramic

164
Q

Who regulates the manufacturing and installation of x-ray equipment?

A

Federal government

165
Q

which film would be exposed to see the relationship of the Alveolar bone

A

vertical bite wing

166
Q

The best way to prevent cross-contamination from an exposed film packet is by?

A

using individual barrier envelopes

167
Q

dental x-rays should be prescribed when the

A

benefits outweigh the risk of harm

168
Q

after removing an exposed film from a patient’s mouth the next step is to

A

dry the exposed film

169
Q

what is the primary advantage in using digital radiography?

A

reduces the radiation to patient

170
Q

somatic effects of radiation do NOT have damaging effects on

A

offspring

171
Q

what error occurs when the vertical angulation is incorrect?

A

elongation

172
Q

what can be observed on a panoramic radiograph when the patient’s chin is tipped downwards?

A

exaggerated smile

173
Q

to maintain quality assurance while processing films the DA should record

A

the date solutions were changed

174
Q

film should be stored in

A

the original lead-wrapped packaging

175
Q

to view an abscess on tooth #25, the best radiographic exposure is a

A

periapical

176
Q

Radiographs appear dark after processing when the developing solution is

A

too warm

177
Q

The normalizing device can be used to monitor

A

developer strength

178
Q

what condition will result in a radiographic image that is too light?

A

weak developing solution

179
Q

The primary purpose of a bite wing radiograph is to evaluate

A

Interproximal Decay

180
Q

the Frankfort Plane is an imaginary plane passing through the

A

external auditory meatus to the floor of the orbit

181
Q

One taking radiographs on a small child who cannot hold the firm intra-orally the DA should

A

ask a parent or guardian to hold the film

182
Q

when preparing to take a digital radiograph, after selecting the appropriate sensor size for the patient, the next step is to

A

place a barrier on the sensor

183
Q

The time between patient exposure to radiation and the appearance of biological damage is the

A

latent period

184
Q

what causes the interproximal areas of the teeth to appear overlapped?

A

improper horizontal angulation

185
Q

what film size would be used for an adult periapical film?

A

2

186
Q

emulsion damage to a film is caused by

A

improper handling of film

187
Q

patient receive less radiation when using a _____ PID

A

rectangular

188
Q

where is the most common area in the oral cavity for a dentigerous cyst?

A

around the 3rd molar

dental (3 decks)

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