Practice Test 1 Flashcards
achromatopsia
complete loss of color vision from lack of functional cone cells
caffeine intoxication
restlessness, psychomotor agitation, flushed face, diuresis, rambling speech, muscle twitching
Pearson r
both variables are continuous
Spearman rho
both variables are ranked
biserial correlational coefficient
one variable is an artificial dichotomy, and one variable is continuous
point biserial correlational coefficient
one variable is a true dichotomy, and one variable is continuous
categorical approach
determining whether or not a person meets criteria for diagnosis (like in the DSM)
dimensional approach
individual is ranked on a quantitative dimension (like a scale of 1 to 10) on each symptom
credentialing
formal process for determining whether or not a provider meets and maintains qualification standards and provides legal protections for managed care offices
it is acceptable to include client testimonials in an advertisement as long as:
testimonials were not solicited from current clients or others who are vulnerable to undue influence
the concepts of “job relatedness” and “business necessity” are associated with:
adverse impact
in Freudian psychoanalysis, clarification:
brings a confusing or unclear issue into focus
A researcher interested in retention of information in short-term memory shows participants a list of five letters and asks them to memorize the list. She then instructs them to count backward by 3s from 99. After 6 seconds, 12, seconds, and 18 seconds, she asks them to recall the list. They are asked to count backwards to:
keep them from rehearsing the list of letters
A colleague tells you that one of his clients is sexually abusing his daughter, and says he is not going to report it. You should:
contact CPS and provide them with information about the abuse and with the colleague’s name.
to assess the reliability of a characteristic that fluctuates in severity or intensity over time (is a state), you should use:
the coefficient of internal consistency
coefficient of stability is obtained:
when using test-retest reliability, would not be appropriate for a measure of a characteristic that fluctuates over time
Helm’s White Racial Identity Development Model specifies that the “flexibility and complexity” strategy is characteristic of which status?
autonomy
Symptoms of stimulant intoxication
pupillary dilation, nausea, and muscular weakness
Symptoms of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication
nystagmus, numbness, and muscle rigidity
Symptoms of inhalant intoxication
blurred vision, tremor, and depressed reflexes
Symptoms of stimulant withdrawal
fatigue, increased appetite, and vivid dreams
negatively skewed distribution
when the mean is less than the median, and the median is less than the mode
leptokurtic distribution
when the distribution of scores is more “peaked” than the normal distribution
platykurtic distribution
when the distribution of scores is flatter than the normal distribution
positively skewed distribution
the mean is larger than the median, and the median is larger than the mode
parents low in control and low in warmth
rejecting/neglecting parents
children and adolescents most likely to be antisocial, use drugs and alcohol, and achieve low scores on cognitive tests
parents low in control and high in warmth
permissive/laissez faire parents
children are immature, impulsive, and self-centered and low in achievement orientation
parents high in control and low in warmth
authoritarian parents
children are aggressive, mistrusting and dependent, with low self-esteem and low academic achievement
parents high in control and high in warmth
authoritative parents
children are mature, resilient, achievement oriented, and responsible, and do well in school
children show awareness of racial differences by ages
3 or 4
children show a sophisticated understanding of race (understand it as a physical, social, and biological category) by age
10
The more statistical comparisons within a research study, the greater likelihood of making a _____ error
Type I error
MANOVA is used to
simultaneously assess the effects of one or more independent variables on two or more dependent variables
according to herzberg’s two factor theory, hygiene factors include:
job security, pay and benefits, relationships with coworkers, working conditions, and company policies
according to herzberg’s two factor theory, motivator factors include:
the nature of the work itself and opportunities for responsibility, achievement, and promotion
the two factors of herzberg’s two factor theory are:
hygiene and motivator factors
hygiene factors contribute to dissatisfaction when inadequate but not satisfaction and motivation.
motivator factors do not contribute to dissatisfaction, but contribute to satisfaction and motivation when adequate
genetically, colorblindness is:
a recessive trait carried on the X chromosome
for a son to be colorblind, he would have to inherit the colorblind gene from his mother
for a daughter to be colorblind, she would have to inherit the colorblind gene from both parents
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
rare disorder that can occur with any class of neuroleptic drug (like clozapine)
symptoms include tachycardia, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, altered consciousness, and autonomic dysfunction
can be fatal if not recognized early and the drug is immediately stopped
carbamazepine
an anticonvulsant drug that is useful for treating bipolar disorder
Wonderlich Personnel Test-Revised (WPT-R)
12 minute test of mental ability for adults
used to assist employers with hiring decisions
by 3-4 months of age, infants express the following emotions through facial expressions
interest, sadness, distress, disgust
by 6-8 months of age, infants express the following emotions through facial expressions
anger, joy, surprise, fear
Metcalfe and Mischel are associated with
delayed gratification
hot/cool system of delayed gratification refers to
Metcalfe and Mischel
the hot system is emotional and demands immediate gratification
the cool system is cognitive and can divert attention away from the hot system
hot system develops first in kids
William Glassner is associated with
Reality Therapy
Victor Frankl is associated with
Existential Therapy
Fritz Perls is associated with
Gestalt Therapy
George Kelly is associated with
Personal Construct Therapy
personal constructs are
bipolar dimension of meaning that determine how a person perceives, interprets, and predicts events
“accidental” messages (like overhearing) are associated with
greater attitude change than intended messages
listeners are better able to resist a persuasive message if they have been
forewarned about its content
a communicator arguing against their own best interest
is more likely to change the attitude of listeners than someone arguing to advance their own interests
a moderate discrepancy in position between the listener and the communicator
is associated with greater attitude change than a high or low discrepancy
for the Rorschach test, form quality refers to
the degree to which an response matches the actual form of the inkblot and provides information on the degree of congruence between the response and reality
Minuchin’s 3 types of rigid triads
detouring, stable coalition, triangulation
detouring
when parents avoid the tension between them by either blaming or overprotecting a child
stable coalition
when a parent and child consistently “gang up” against the other parent
triangulation
when both parents try to get the child to side with him or her
Rehm’s self-control theory
depression is attributable to deficits in self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement
research on facial expression of emotion demonstrates that
there are several universal facial expressions that may be mediated in terms of intensity by cultural factors
regarding skeletal age and sex
girls are ahead in terms of skeletal age from birth, which is why they reach full height before boys do
process consultation assumes that
behavior change precedes attitude change
Spearman-Brown formula
linked to reliability
Spearman-Brown prophecy formula
used to estimate the effects of adding or subtracting items to a test on its reliability coefficient
family therapy is contraindicated when one member of the family has
severe depression
common versus classic migraines
classic migraines begin with an aura
common migraines do not begin with an aura
lifting or bending can make both worse
generally involve throbbing pain
cluster headaches
sharp, unilateral, and usually accompanied by autonomic symptoms
substance NOT likely to produce a substance-induced psychotic disorder
opioids
sampling error is due to
random factors that produce a nonrepresentative sample
on the Adult Attachment Interview, dismissing individuals describe their parents
in positive terms that are not substantiated by descriptions of actual interactions
on the Adult Attachment Interview, preoccupied individuals
are confused, angry, or passively preoccupied with attachment figures
on the Adult Attachment Interview, unresolved/disorganized individuals
have an unresolved experience related to loss or abuse
it is assigned in conjunction with one of the three categories: autonomous, dismissing, or preoccupied
the main challenge of mandating Evidenced Based Therapies
lack of consistency across the field
varied type and intensity of training that differs across regions
somatosensory cortex is located
on the postcentral gyrus in the parietal lobe
Vygotsky viewed cognitive development as
initially interpersonal and then intrapersonal once the child internalizes what they learned
speech goes from social, to private (self-direction), to internal (tool for thinking)
to determine competence to stand trial, you evaluate a person’s
current mental status
to determine the insanity defense, you evaluate a person’s
status at the time of the crime
the purpose of the Solomon four-group design is to
evaluate the effects of pretesting on a study’s internal and external validity
in a normal distribution, what percentage of scores are within one standard deviation?
68%
in a normal distribution, what percentage of scores are within two standard deviations?
95%
in a normal distribution, what percentage of scores are within three standard deviations?
99.7%
Weisz and colleagues found that psychotherapy outcomes for children and adolescents, the largest effect size is for
female adolescents
Weisz and colleagues found that psychotherapy outcomes for children and adolescents, the smallest effect size is for
male adolescents
Wernicke’s area is located in the
temporal lobe
Broca’s area is located in the
frontal lobe
the three components of a needs assessment are
organization analysis
task analysis
person analysis
when using animals in research, the principal investigator
is ultimately responsible for the animals him/herself
Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational
sensorimotor stage
birth to 2 years
child learns through senses
most learning is the result of circular reactions (6 substages)
sensorimotor substage 1
reflexive schemes
birth to 1 month
infant exercises reflexes
sensorimotor substage 2
primary circular reactions
1-4 months
infant attempts to repeat pleasurable events involving their own body (thumb sucking)
sensorimotor substage 3
secondary circular reactions
4-8 months
infant attempts to reproduce pleasurable events involving other people or objects (rattle shaking)
sensorimotor substage 4
coordinated secondary circular reactions
8-12 months
infant combines secondary circular reactions into more complex action sequences (uncovers object then grasps it)
sensorimotor substage 5
tertiary circular reactions
12-18 months
infant deliberately varies an action or action sequence to discover the consequences of doing so (drops toy from different heights)
sensorimotor substage 6
mental representation
18-24 months
infant develops symbolic thought, forms internal representations that allow him/her to think about absent objects and past events and to anticipate the consequences of actions
preoperational stage
2-7 years
symbolic function, an extension of representational thought, more sophisticated symbolic play, mental problem solving,
incomplete understanding of cause and effect, magical thinking, animism
concrete operational stage
7 to 11 or 12 years
capable of mental operations, logical rules, sophisticated classification, ordering, part/whole relationships, conservation involving horizontal decalage (gradual acquisition of conservation abilities)
Formal operational stage
11 or 12 years +
abstract thinking and hypothetico-deductive reasoning
adolescent egocentrism involving the personal fable and the imaginary audience
