Attachment

Question 1

secure attachment

Answer 1

in strange situation, baby becomes mildly upset when the mother leaves and actively seeks contact with her when she returns.

mothers of securely attached children are emotionally sensitive and responsive to babies’ cues

Question 2

insecure (anxious)/ambivalent attachment

Answer 2

alternates between clinging and resisting his or her mother, becomes very disturbed when left alone with a stranger, and is ambivalent when mother returns. may become angry and resist her attempts at physical contact.

mothers of insecure (anxious)/ambivalent children are often moody and inconsistent

Question 3

insecure (anxious)/avoidant attachment

Answer 3

interacts very little with mother, shows little distress when she leaves the room, and avoids or ignores her when she returns.

mothers of insecure (anxious)/avoidant children are very impatient and unresponsive or provide their children with too much stimulation

Question 4

disorganized/disoriented attachment

Answer 4

exhibit fear of their caregivers, a dazed or confused facial expression and other disorganized behaviors (greeting mother when she returns but then turning away)

many of these children have been mistreated by their caregivers

Question 5

Piaget’s premoral development

Answer 5

prior to age 6

little if any concern for rules

Question 6

Piaget’s heteronomous moral development

Answer 6

7-10 years old

morality of constraint

rules are set by authority figures and are unalterable

the size of the consequences matter most

Question 7

Piaget’s autonomous morality

Answer 7

11+ years

morality of cooperation

rules are arbitrary and alterable when the people in charge agree to change them

intention of the actor matters most

Question 8

Kohlberg’s 3 levels of moral development

Answer 8

preconventional
conventional
postconventional

Question 9

Kohlberg’s preconventional morality

Answer 9

punishment and obedience orientation - goodness or badness of an act depends on the consequences

instrumental hedonism - consequences guide moral judgments, but becomes more focused on rewards and satisfying needs than avoiding punishment

Question 10

Kohlberg’s conventional morality

Answer 10

starts age 10-11

good boy/good girl orientation - the right action is the one that is approved by others

law and order orientation - moral judgments are based on the rules and laws

Question 11

Kohlberg’s postconventional morality

Answer 11

starts late adolescence/adulthood

morality of contract, individual rights, and democratically accepted laws

morality of individual principles of conscience