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movement science 1 > practice/quiz questions EXAM 1 > Flashcards

practice/quiz questions EXAM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

which of the following force vectors acting on a segment has the greatest moment arm for the axis of rotation if all vectors are the same magnitude?

A

3

  • the perpendicular distance between the line of force and the axis of rotation is the greatest
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2
Q

flexion of the skater’s right knee is about which axis of rotation?

A

mediolateral

  • tibia is flexed relative to the knee
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3
Q

the position of two runners at 0.2 s intervals are represented by the colored squares below. the runners (squares) are moving from left to right. the acceleration of the runners are related as follows:

A

acceleration of A=B

  • the acceleration of both is 0 - they have the same velocity the whole time
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4
Q

the two position/time graphs indicate motion of an object over time. distance traveled by each object are related as follows:

A

distance A > B

  • the area under the curve = the distance traveled
    • curve A has more area, so it has more distance
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5
Q

the muscle force vector (M) will create a compressive force and a moment at the knee joint. the magnitude of the compressive component is ___ the perpendicular component creating the knee moment.

A

greater than

  • vector composition: Mx > My
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6
Q

estimate the location fo the person’s whole-body center of mass in each of the pictures below

A

red is original COM, green is new COM with movement

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7
Q

the position of the pitcher’s right hip

A

flexed, internally rotated, abducted

  • left hip higher than the right, so the right hip is abducted
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8
Q

at the knee during a downward squat, what arthrokinematic motions do you expect?

A

femur roll into flexion, anterior glide

tibial roll into flexion, posterior glide

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9
Q

consider a tissue placed under strain and stretched into the elastic region of the stress-strain curve without injury. when the load is removed the tissue will:

A

lose energy

  • hysteresis
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10
Q

the greatest total force of a maximally active muscle will be at

A

the longest physiologic length of the muscle

  • the greatest active force would be at the intermediate length near the resting length
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11
Q

if the hip were in anatomical position and the knee was fully extended, what would the relative length of the hamstring muscle gorup be on the x-axis of the diagram?

A

160

  • 280 (full hamstring length) - 120 (if hip was flexed) = 160
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12
Q

consuder the gluteus maximus and semitendinosus of the person in the figure for the LE that is being raised. which muscle has a greater moment arm for creating a hip extension moment?

A

gluteus maximus

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13
Q

according to the chart, which of the following muscles are concentrically active during the pre-swing (PSw) phase of gait?

A

soleus

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14
Q

if the person in the picture is slowly lowering the hand weights from position A to B, what is the primary active muscle at the glenohumeral joint?

A

anterior deltoid

  • line of pull - eccentrically
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15
Q

if the person in the picture is slowly lowering the hand weights from A to B, what is a helping synergist muscles working with the anterior deltoid?

A

biceps brachii

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16
Q

in the picture, what are the internal and external moments acting on the right leg and foot segment?

A

weight of the body

JRF

GRF

probably some others

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17
Q

muscle activation vs. muscle action

A

muscle activation: the neuromuscular process of motor unit recruitment to create muscle tension

muscle action: the potential for a muscle to cause movement in a particular direction about a give joint axis of motion

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18
Q

consider a person walking up a flight of stair. if you measured body weight, stair height, number of steps, and time, which measure could you calculate?

A

mechanical work and mechanical power

  • weight = force
  • height x number of steps = displacement
  • force x displacement = mechanical work
  • mechanical work/time = mechanical power
  • cannot calculate ankle moment - would need moment arms and the forces across the ankle some distance from axis of rotation
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19
Q

consider the mechnical energy of the gymnast. if the gymnast hols this position for 5 seconds, the following occurs

A

none

  • generation of mechanical energy would need velocity at COM
  • no increase in PE - no change in position/height
  • no increase in KE - no movement
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20
Q

a smaller femoral angle of inclination (coxa varus) has the mechanical advantage of ____, relative to the normal angle

A

increased amoment arm for hip abductor muscles

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21
Q

what explains the linear force of 250-300% body weight during static single-limb standing?

A

forces across the joint influenced by muscle moments

  • other forces through the hip joint
    • stair climb - 300% BW
    • walking - 400-700% BW
    • running - 1000% BW
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22
Q

what muscle attaches to the iliotibial band?

A

gluteus maximus

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23
Q

a man is exerting a constant horizontal force on a large moving box. the box is moving across a horizontal floor at a constant velocity. the constant horizontal force applied by the man is _____ the total force that resists the motion of the box.

A

the same magnitude as

  • if the magnitude of the force applied by the man was less than the box, it would slow down
  • if the magnitude of the force applied by the man was greater than the box, the box would speed up
24
Q

a 250 lb linebacker collides head-on with a 175 lb running back. during the collision the LB exerts ___ force on the RB than the RB exerts on the LB.

A

the same

25
Q

from the A/P graph below, it can be determined that the person is

A

speeding up

  • area of forward > area of backward
26
Q

how does a person landing from a drop off of a platform have a greater peak vertical GRF in one trial versus a subsequent trial?

A

increase landing time

27
Q

what is the relative magnitude of the muscle force in this example, if the segment is static?

A

force M > S

  • Mv = S + F
28
Q

consider a patient with elbow osteoarthritis holding a 15 lb weight. how would you respond to the question from the patient, “why would my elbow be so painful from holding such a light weight?”

A

there is compression at the joint due to a rection force between the upper arm and lower arm

29
Q

based on the ground reaction force represented in the picture, which of the following external demand moments has the greatest magnitude?

A

knee flexion

30
Q

which of the following is a kinetic measure

A

ground reaction force

  • kinematics - with no forces
    • velocity, acceleration, joint angle
31
Q

in anatomical position, the humeroulnar joint relative to the radiocarpal joint is

A

proximal

32
Q

a muscle synergist

A

acts coopertively with another muscle

33
Q

in arthrokinematic motions, multiple points along one rotating articular surface contacting multiple points on another articular surface is termed

A

roll

34
Q

select the most specific term for motion that occurs between two articular surfaces from the list below

A

arthrokinematics

35
Q

a uniaxial joint has how many rotational degrees of freedom

A

1

36
Q

the perimysium is a connective tissue structure that surrounds

A

the entire fascicle

37
Q

consider the glenohumeral joint in anatomical position. in which situation would the posterior deltoid muscle need to be eccentrically active

A

when glenohumeral flexion occurs

38
Q

the endomysium is a connective tissue structure that surrounds

A

the entire muscle fiber

39
Q

according to the results of the study by Waanders et al., the relative contribution of the _____ joint to total positive leg joint work was relatively negligible (less than 10%) during level walking

A

knee

40
Q

according to the article by waanders et al., an age-related distal-to-proximal redistribution of joint work occurs for level walking, with older adults having relatively ____ in terms of contribution to total leg joint work, compared to young adults

A

less positive ankle plantar flexor work and more hip flexor work

41
Q

in typical “scapulohumerial rhythm,” it would be most reasonable for a person abducting their shoulder complex at 120 degrees to have ____ degrees of scapulothoracic upward rotation

A

40

42
Q

the following results of an intact and properly functioning patella, compared to someone wiht a removed patella

A

increased moment arm for quadriceps femoris muscle group acting baout the mediolateral axis of the knee

decreased muscle force requirement for a given internal externsor moment from the quadriceps femoris group

43
Q

a common method to stretch the piriformis muscle is to tlengthen it by having the hip flexed and

A

externally rotated

44
Q

what is a mechanical characteristic of a patellectomized knee

A

reduced quadriceps femoris moment arm about the mediolateral knee axis

45
Q

what is considered the most common orthopedic sports injury

A

inversion (lateral) ankle sprain

46
Q

persons with chronic ankle instability tend to have greater _____ at the start of the stance phase of walking

A

position of ankle/foot inversion

47
Q

mass moment of inertia about the mediolateral axis of rotation for a diver who is spinning during a dive will increase as the diver moves from a tucked position to an outstretched (T/F)

A

true

48
Q

person 1 (120 lbs) is walking and reading their phone when they run into person 2 who is standing still (200 lbs). the force exerted on person 1 is ____ the force exerted on person 2.

A

equal to

49
Q

in the picture (section B), J represents the joint reaction force at the elbow. the force:

A

creates no moment (torque) about the mediolateral elbow axis

50
Q

considering the free-body diagram of a body segment in B, what forces result in production of a moment about the axis of rotation

A

My

51
Q

the biceps brachii causes a force applied to the insertion site on the forearm when axticated, creating a pull that can be resolved into a component acting in line (X) and a component acting perpendicular (Y) to the longitudinal axis of the forearm. the x component of the force

A

can create a compressive or tensile load at the elbow depending on joint angle

52
Q

when performed an MMT of the quadriceps femoris muscle group functioning at the knee, the semitendinosus acts as an antagonist. any semitendinosus muscle force would create a moment (torque) about the mediolateral axis of the knee that

A

is in the same direction as the moment (torque) produced by the manual resistance from the tester

53
Q

during a typical landing phase of a vertical jump (after the foot hits the ground), the primary active muscle group about the mediolateral axis at the knee is the

A

quadriceps femoris

54
Q

comparing the drop vertical jump task performance of participants before and after the “landing instruction” intervention, Mizner and colleagues found

A

the ground reaction force was less than after the instruction

55
Q

mizner and colleages suggest from their study results of “drop vertical jump task” performance before and after the “landing instruction” intervention, that

A

“softer” landings reuced damns on the knee with reduced knee abduction moment demand

56
Q

in the mizner article, joint moments at the hip, knee, and ankle were presented as

A

external moments

movement science 1 (4 decks)

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