Practice Quiz 1 (REVIEW MORE) Flashcards
Justin, age 55, earns $50,000 annually working for Stone, Inc., an S corporation. He owns 10% of Stone, Inc.’s stock. Justin is a participant in the Stone, Inc., profit-sharing plan. His spouse, Meghan, is 50 years old and is employed by JP Co. She earns $40,000 annually and participates in JP’s Section 401(k) plan, under which JP will make matching contributions of up to 3% of covered salary. Assuming that both the Stone, Inc. plan and JP plan have loan provisions, which of the following statements is(are) NOT correct? 1. If Justin takes a loan from the Stone, Inc. plan, he will be assessed a 10% penalty tax because he is younger than age 59½. 2. Justin cannot take a loan from the Stone, Inc. plan because he is a greater than 5% shareholder of the company. 3. If Meghan’s Section 401(k) vested account balance is $10,000, she may borrow the entire amount. 4. Both qualified plans must limit participant loans to no more than 50% of the participant’s compensation.
1, 2, and 4
The IRS permits employer plans to allow loans but does not mandate that all plans offer them.
Allowed:
- Profit-sharing plans
- money purchase plans
- 401(k)
- 403(b)
- 457(b)
Not Allowed:
- IRA and IRA based plans (SEP, SIMPLE IRA and SARSEP Plans)
That leaves it to your employer’s discretion as to whether to allow the plan to offer loans. The IRS restricts your loan to the smaller of
- $50,000 or
- half your vested account balance.
You cannot borrow from any amounts not yet vested.
Assume a taxpayer is in the 35% marginal income tax bracket and has enough deductions to itemize. Calculate the equivalent tax credit that would provide the same tax benefit as a $3,000 itemized deduction.
$3,000 x 35% = $1,050
William Sanders, age 38, earns $250,000 a year and wants to establish a profit-sharing plan for his business. He has 3 employees, who each earn a salary of $20,000, are between ages 22 and 26, and have been employed with the company for approximately 4 years. Which of the following vesting schedules would be the best choice for the company? A)3-year cliff. B)2-to-6-year graded vesting. C)Immediate vesting. D)5-year cliff.
B
Which of the following statements concerning the Consumer Credit Protection Act are CORRECT? 1. Bait and switch advertising is prohibited. 2. Credit terms must be disclosed for evaluation purposes. 3. Interest must be reported in terms of annual percentage rate (APR). 4. Consumers must be made aware of any prepayment penalties.
EXAMPLE 2 - APY vs. APR
“I just heard an ad on the radio offering a 3.99% mortgage. That makes sense to me. Where I’m confused is when the ad then mentions a 4.22% APY immediately after that. What does it mean? What interest rate will I actually be charged?” - Mortagee
Let’s say you have a loan from a bank that has 3.99% with interest that is compounded quarterly. That means that every three months, your loan is charged 1/4 of the interest for the year, which would be 3.99% divided by 4, or 0.9975% interest.
- Let’s say your loan has a balance of $100,000 at the start of the year, to make the math more clear.
- At the first quarter, your $100,000 loan will be charged 0.9975% interest, or $997.50. This gives your loan a new balance of $100,997.50.
- At the second quarter, your loan has a balance of $100,997.50 and that balance will be charged 0.9975% interest, or $1,007.45. This gives your loan a new balance of $102,004.95.
- At the third quarter, your loan has a balance of $102,004.95 and that balance will be charged 0.9975% interest, or $1,017.50. This gives your loan a new balance of $103,022.45.
- At the fourth quarter, your loan has a balance of $103,022.45 and that balance will be charged 0.9975% interest, or $1,027.65. This gives your loan a new balance of $104,050.10.
2, 3, and 4
The consumer credit protection act of 1968 was important in that it made the terms of loans more transparent to borrowers who may not be well-versed in finance.
- APR is the annual rate of interest that is paid on an investment, without taking into account the compounding of interest within that year.
- APY does take into account the frequency with which the interest is applied—the effects of intra-year compounding.
EXAMPLE 2
- Over the course of a year, your $100,000 loan turned into $104,050.10, earning $4,050.10 in interest. That’s 4.05% of the balance of the loan, which is your APY.
- Thus, this loan has a 3.99% interest rate, but a 4.05% APY.
- In the United States, APY is legally defined as being the rate achieved when using daily compounding. In this case, that would give you an APY of 4.07%. So, where does the rest of that 4.22% come from?
- What the radio ad isn’t telling you is that in order to get that 3.99% interest rate, you’ll have to pay some fees and possibly a discount point or two.
- In this specific case, the fees and points will add enough to the balance of the loan to raise the APY from 4.07% to 4.22%. In other words, the total of the fees and points will be somewhere around $165 on a $100,000 loan, or about $817 on a $500,000 loan.
One key provision of the CCPA was called Title III, which restricts the amount of earnings that may be garnished to 25% of disposable weekly income after mandatory deductions for taxes or the amount by which disposable earnings are greater than 30 times the minimum wage. This ended the practice of creditors snatching a hgh percentage of wages to pay an outstanding debt.
John and Kate, ages 28 and 26 respectively, want to start to save for their retirement. They both are eligible for Section 401(k) plans through their employers. The plans offer a dollar for dollar match up to 3% of salary. If they consider themselves moderate to aggressive risk tolerant investor with a long-term time horizon, which of the following portfolios would be most suitable for their CFP® professional to recommend for their retirement plans? A) Portfolio 1 - 50% S&P 500 Index Fund, 30% Science Research Fund, 20% Corporate Bond Fund. B) Portfolio 4 - 40% S&P 500 Index Fund, 15% International Stock Fund, 15% International Bond Fund, 10% Science and Technology Stock Fund, 20% Money Market Fund. C) Portfolio 2 - 50% Corporate Bond, 25% U.S. Government Securities Fund, 25% Money Market Fund. D) Portfolio 3 - 80% S&P 500 Index Fund, 10% International Stock Fund, 10% Emerging Market Fund.
D
Mike exchanged an old machine in a like-kind exchange: adjusted basis of old machine, $5,000; fair market value (FMV) of new machine, $10,000; FMV of boot received, $4,000; FMV of boot given, $0. What gain must be recognized by Mike, and what is his adjusted tax basis in the new asset, respectively? A) $5,000 $5,000 B) $4,000 $5,000 C) $0 $5,000 D) $4,000 $10,000
B Calculation:
- FMV New Property - Boot Given + Boot Received = FMV of Old Machine
- $10,000 − 0 + 4,000 = $14,000
- Potential Gain = FMV of Old Machine - Adjusted Bais of Old Machine
- Potential Gain = $14,000 - $5,000
- Potential Gain = $9,000
- Remaining gain = Potential Gain - Boot Received
- Remaining Gain = $9,000 - $4,000
- Remaining Gain = $5,000
- New Basis = FMV of New Machine − Unrecognized Gain
- New Basis = $10,000 - $5,000
- New Basis = $5,000
Jack would like to donate his collection of impressionist paintings to a private impressionist art museum. The museum, in turn, will sell the paintings to generate income. Jack’s original purchase price of the paintings was $50,000. The FMV of the paintings when he contributes them is $300,000. His adjusted gross income for the year is $1 million. Jack has come to you, a CFP® professional, for information regarding the tax effects of the proposed transaction. He has heard from friends that if the museum sells the collection, he will only be able to use basis to value the donation. After reviewing the documentation for the pending transfer, you tell Jack he will have a total deductible donation for the gift of: A) $0. B) $250,000. C) $300,000. D) $1 milliion
C
Capital Gain Property - Charitable Purposes:
- Property is capital gain property if you would have recognized long-term capital gain had you sold it at fair market value on the date of the contribution. The capital gain property includes capital assets held more than 1 year.
- Capital assets include most items of property you own and use for personal purposes or investment. Examples of capital assets are stocks, bonds, jewelry, coin or stamp collections, and cars or furniture used for personal purposes.
General Rule:
- When figuring your deduction for a contribution of capital gain property, you generally can use the fair market value of the property.
Exceptions - However, in certain situations, you must reduce the fair market value by any amount that would have been long-term capital gain if you had sold the property for its fair market value. Generally, this means reducing the fair market value to the property’s cost or other basis. You must do this if:
- The property (other than qualified appreciated stock) is contributed to certain private nonoperating foundations,
- You choose the 50% limit instead of the 30% limit for capital gain property given to 50% limit organizations, discussed later,
- The contributed property is intellectual property (as defined earlier under Patents and Other Intellectual Property ),
- The contributed property is certain taxidermy property as explained earlier, or
- The contributed property is tangible personal property (defined earlier) that:
- Is put to an unrelated use (defined later) by the charity, or
- Has a claimed value of more than $5,000 and is sold, traded, or otherwise disposed of by the qualified organization during the year in which you made the contribution, and the qualified organization hasn’t made the required certification of exempt use
Bob is a fisherman with the local fish market. He and his wife Mary want to retire in 20 years. They expect to live approximately 25 years after retirement and need $40,000 (in today’s dollars) annually during retirement. Unfortunately, they have just spent their savings on refurbishing their boathouse and have only $12,000 in retirement savings. Inflation is currently 2% and is expected to continue indefinitely. Bob believes he can earn an 8% rate of return before retirement but expects to earn only 6% during retirement because of the change in his portfolio’s asset allocation at retirement. How much does Bob need to save at the end of each year to meet his retirement needs?
Real Interest Rate Discount Rate {[(1 + Nominal) ÷ (1 + Inflation Rate)] - 1} x 100
Step 1: Inflate needs to find FIRST Year of Retirement Payment by Solving for Future Value
BEG Mode
PV = −40,000
n = 20
i = 2
FV = 59,437.90
Step 2: Find the Sum that you need to fund Annual Payment found before while taking into account that Sum will increase by a real rate of return
BEG mode
PMT = 59,437.90
n = 25
i= [(1.06 ÷ 1.02) − 1} × 100 (inflation-adjusted discount rate)
PVAD = 973,006.62
Step 3: Determine the annual funding requirement. Don’t use real interest rate because the inflation rate has already been taken into account:
FV = $973,006.62
PV = −12,000
n = 20
i = 8
PMT = 20,040.11, or $20,040.11
Janet, a full-time student, is age 18 and claimed as a dependent on her parents’ tax return. She is a sophomore who is enrolled as a full-time student at State University. She has $20,000 in unearned income this tax year. Her education expenses are as follows: Tuition $10,000 Books 1,000 Laptop required by the university 1,500 Fees 650 Room and board 4,000 Transportation 1,000 What American Opportunity Tax Credits and Lifetime Learning Credits can she claim on her tax return this year for education expenses? A) She may claim a $2,000 Lifetime Learning Credit and a $2,500 American Opportunity Tax Credit. B) She can claim a $2,500 American Opportunity Tax Credit only. C) She can claim either the $2,000 Lifetime Learning Credit or the $2,500 American Opportunity Tax Credit but not both. D) None. She is a dependent and her parents must claim any education credits.
D
Doug has a PAP covering his personal automobile. His Part A policy limits are 200/300/50, and his Part B coverage is $10,000 per person. He does not have Part D coverage. One winter night, Doug and his wife are driving home from dinner when Doug takes his eyes off the road and drives into an unoccupied parked car. The other car sustains $20,000 in damages as a result of the collision. Doug and his wife both suffer bodily injuries and incur medical bills of $15,000 each. Doug’s car suffers $10,000 in property damage. Which of the following statements regarding Doug’s coverage under his PAP for this accident is (are) CORRECT? 1. Doug’s PAP covers all of the $30,000 in medical bills. 2. Doug’s PAP covers the $20,000 in damages to the other car. 3. Doug’s PAP covers the $10,000 in property damage to his car. Second Example - For instance, suppose you injure 3 people and caused $25,000 damage to their car. One is severely injured with $125,000 worth of damages, one is moderately injured with $75,000 of damages, and the other is the least injured with $50,000 of damages. If your policy had a single limit of $300,000, then you would be entirely covered. With a 100/300/50 split policy….
2 only Statement 2 is correct because the $20,000 in property damage to the other car falls within Doug’s $50,000 policy limit for property damage under Part A - Liability Coverage. Statement 1 is incorrect because the coverage for the $30,000 is medical bills for Doug and his wife is limited to $10,000 per person under Part B - Medical Payments Coverage. Statement 3 is also incorrect; the damage to Doug’s car is not covered because he does not have coverage under Part D - Damage to Your Auto Coverage. Part A: Liability Coverage (1) The limit of liability can be a single limit or a split limit. (1)(a) The standard policy provides for a single limit that is the limit for all liability, no matter how it is apportioned. (1)(b) A split limit divides the limit of liability into 3 parts: the limit for each person, the total limit, and limit for property damage. The split limit is expressed in the format ###/###/### in thousands for liability limit per person/total liability limit/property damage limit. Second Example - $25,000 of damages to the severely injured person would not be covered. You would have to pay for that.
Roger, age 56, is the owner and president of ABC Widget Co. He has operated the firm successfully since he first established the business 15 years ago. His son, Brett, is the company vice president. Profits over the past 5 years have increased at an average 15% per year. Roger has been thinking about retirement and is concerned that he won’t have enough money to achieve his goal of retiring at age 65. He has asked your advice about setting up a retirement plan that would provide the most benefits for him. The employee census is as follows: EMPLOYEE AGE SALARY SERVICE Roger 56 $130,000 15 yrs. Brett 31 50,000 5 yrs. David 45 40,000 10 yrs. Chris 42 35,000 8 yrs. Beth 38 30,000 7 yrs. Robert 30 25,000 5 yrs. Margaret 36 28,000 6 yrs. Bill 26 25,000 5 yrs. James 23 23,000 2 yrs. Based on this information, which of the following plans would provide the maximum retirement benefit to Roger? A) Traditional defined benefit pension plan. B) Section 401(k) plan. C) Profit-sharing plan. D) Money purchase pension plan.
A Because Roger is the oldest, has the highest salary, and the fewest years remaining until retirement, he would receive the greatest benefit from a traditional defined benefit pension plan.
Penelope has qualified education expenses of $10,000 for the spring semester of college, but she wants an additional $2,000 for her spring break vacation. She takes a $12,000 distribution from her Section 529 plan. The distribution includes both contributions and earnings. Which of the following statement(s) regarding the tax treatment of the distribution is(are) CORRECT? 1. $2,000 of the distribution will be included in Penelope’s gross income. 2. An additional 10% tax penalty will be applied to an entire distribution made for nonqualified expenses. 3. Qualified expenses include tuition, fees, and books.
3 only
Bradley loaned his friend, Karl, $25,000 for a down payment on a home in a zero-interest loan early in the current year. Bradley had investment income of $750 and Karl had investment income of $1,200 in the same year. The Federal interest rate is 3.5%. Karl has been making payments each month. What recommendations do you,a CFP® professional, make for accounting for the loan made to Karl by Bradley? A) Because this is a gift loan greater than $10,000 but less than or equal to $100,000, no interest will be imputed to the loan. B) Because Bradley’s investment income is less than $1,000 this year, no interest is imputed to the loan. C) Imputed interest is calculated on the loan to Karl and is considered a gift to Karl from Bradley. D) Bradley must develop an amortization schedule using the Federal rate of 3.5% to account for Karl’s payments of principal and interest.
C
The Watsons are recently retired and are ready to take a European vacation to celebrate their 40th wedding anniversary. When they return, they would like to meet with their financial planner to discuss setting up a family foundation to continue their lifelong philanthropic endeavors. The Watsons are currently in which life cycle phase? A) Distribution phase B) Conservation phase C) Protection phase D) Asset accumulation phase
A
Joe and Cathy are married and are active participants in rental real estate. They have earned income of $125,000, $5,000 of unearned income, $30,000 in deductions and exemptions, and $20,000 in losses related to their real estate holdings. How much will the couple claim as taxable income? A) $80,000. B) $90,000. C) $85,000. D) $95,000.
B Rental and real estate passive losses are allowed up to $25,000 for taxpayers not filing as MFS, which can be used to offset non-passive income. The $25,000 is reduced (but not below zero) by 50% of the amount by which the taxpayer’s AGI exceeds $100,000. Joe and Cathy have income of $130,000. The passive real estate maximum allowable loss deduction must be reduced by $15,000 to $10,000 or [(130,000 − 100,000) × .5]; therefore, the maximum rental activity passive loss they can claim is $10,000 ($25,000 − $15,000). The couple’s taxable income is $130,000 less deductions and allowable losses of $40,000 ($30,000 + $10,000), which leaves a taxable income of $90,000. Note that any unused loss may be carried forward. Note here that if the loss was $9,000, it would have been entirely deductible because it is below the adjusted allowable maximum. The allowable maximum deduction is calculated before considering how much of the loss is deductible. Previous Next Check for Review