Practice Questions - Week 7 Flashcards
Which of the following correlations between drugs and clinical uses is correct?
Drug:
- Pirenzepine
- Atropine
- Metoprolol
- Salbutamol
Clinical use:
A. Treatment of hypertension
B. Reduction of salivary secretion
C. Treatment of gastric ulcers
D. Treatment of asthma.
a) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D
b) 1-D, 2-C, 3-A, 4-B
c) 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A
d) 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
e) 1-C, 2-B, 3-A, 4-D
a)
The synapse between preganglionic neurones and postganglionic neurones in the autonomic nervous system takes place in structures known as?
a) Dorsal root ganglia
b) Trigeminal ganglia
c) Neuroeffector ganglia
d) Autonomic ganglia
e) Autonomic control centres
d)
Which of the following associations between activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor types and physiological responses is INCORRECT?
a) Activation of M1 receptors cause an increased secretion from the gastric glands of stomach
b) Activation of M1 receptors cause an increase in contraction of the sphincters of the digestive tract
c) Activation of M2 receptors cause a decrease in heart rate
d) Activation of M3 receptors cause an increase in the contraction of the smooth muscle of the digestive tract
e) Activation of M3 receptors cause an increase in secretion from the salivary glands
b)
Which of the following is/are features of the autonomic nervous system?
- The control of secretions of some glands.
- The control of contraction of skeletal muscle.
- Unconscious control of smooth muscle.
1 only.
1 & 2 only
2 only
2 & 3 only
1 & 3 only
1 & 3 only
In many respects the secretory cells of the adrenal medulla are analogous to which of the following classes of neurone?
a) Sympathetic preganglionic neurones
b) Parasympathetic preganglionic neurones
c) Sympathetic postganglionic neurones
d) Parasympathetic postganglionic neurones
e) Unsympathetic neurones
c)
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of activity in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
a) Increased rate of contraction of the heart
b) Increased force of contraction of the heart
c) Dilation of bronchioles
d) Decreased motility of digestive tract
e) Constriction of pupils of the eye
e)
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
a) Sympathetic preganglionic neurones are relatively short
b) Parasympathetic preganglionic neurones are relatively long
c) Sympathetic postganglionic neurones use acetylcholine as their principal neurotransmitter
d) Adrenergic receptors are all metabotropic receptors
e) Adrenergic receptors intracellular effects are produced by G-protein-mediated upregulation of second messengers
c)
Which of the following is a feature of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
a) Preganglionic neurones with cell bodies in the lumbar segments of the spinal cord
b) Preganglionic neurones with large diameter myelinated axons
c) Synapses between the preganglionic and postganglionic neurones in collateral ganglia
d) Postganglionic neurones with relatively short axons
e) Postganglionic neurones with cell bodies in the anterior horn of the S2-S4 segments of the spinal cord
d)
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
- The term neuroeffector junction applies ONLY to the junctions between the postsynaptic neurones and effector organs in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
- The general characteristics of increased activity in the sympathetic division include attenuation of reproductive, digestive and urinary functions
- Activity in the parasympathetic division results in dilation of airways, pupils and blood vessels to muscles
- Parasympathetic postganglionic neurones have their cell bodies in either the sympathetic chain ganglia or collateral ganglia
- Preganglionic neurones of the sympathetic division are located in the brain stem
b)
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
a) It is also known as the thoracolumbar division
b) Preganglionic neurones with their cell bodies in the T1 to L2/3 segments of the spinal cord
c) Sympathetic postganglionic neurones with large diameter myelinated axons
d) Preganglionic neurones with short axons.
e) Postganglionic neurones with long axons
c)
Which of the following is NOT a beta-2 adrenergic receptor mediated effect?
- Vasodilation of blood vessels in cardiac muscle
- Vasodilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscle
- Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin
- Dilation of smooth muscle of airways
- Decrease motility of digestive tract
3.
Which of following does not occur in response to a bright light being directed into the eye?
a) Sensory neurones in the retina detect increasing light intensity
b) Activity increases in preganglionic parasympathetic neurones in the midbrain
c) Activity increases in postganglionic parasympathetic neurones which form neuroeffector junctions on the constrictor muscles of the iris
d) Relaxation of the constrictor muscles of the iris
e) Constriction of the pupil
d)
Which of the following is NOT a likely consequence of increased activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
a) Increase in blood glucose
b) Increased heart rate
c) Constriction of airways
d) Dilation of pupils
e) Dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels
c)
Which of the following statements about acetylcholine (Ach) in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is FALSE?
a) Ach is found in the axon terminals of preganglionic neurones of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
b) The Ach receptors on the postsynaptic membranes of neurones in terminal ganglia are muscarinic
c) The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is an ionotropic receptor
d) Ach release from the preganglionic neurones in the sympathetic division of the ANS results in depolarisation of postganglionic neurones
e) Muscarinic Ach receptors are present at the neuroeffector junction of the parasympathetic division of the ANS
b)
Drugs which block the effects of activity in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system are called?
- Sympathomimetics
- Parasympathomimetics
- Adrenergic receptor agonists
- Parasympathetic antagonists
- Sympathetic antagonists
5.
