practice questions

Question 1

parametric analysis

Answer 1

seeks to discover the differential effects of a range of values of the independent variable. example: assess the effects of different reinforcer magnitudes, (20 sec, 60 seconds, or 300 seconds of access), effect of the varied degree of the same IV is compared

Question 2

Behavioral contrast effects

Answer 2

the phenomenon in which a change in one component of a multiple schedule that increases or decreases the rate of responding on that component is accompanied by a change in the response rate in the opposite direction on the other, unaltered component of the schedule. example: grandma scolds child for eating cookie for dinner, eating cookie at higher rate when grandma is not present and lower rate when she is.

Question 3

Independent group contingency

Answer 3

arrangement in which contingency is presented to all members of a group but reinforcement is delivered only to those group members who meet the criterion outlined in contingency

Question 4

Dependent group contingency

Answer 4

Criterion stated for one individual or small group, the reward for the whole group is dependent on the performance of an individual student or small group.

Question 5

Interdependent group contingencies

Answer 5

all members of a group must meet the criterion of the contingency (individually and as a group) before any member earns the reward.

Question 6

total count IOA

Answer 6

smaller count x larger count divided by 100= total count IOA

Question 7

mean count per interval IOA

Answer 7

INT 1 IOA + INT 2 IOA + INT N IOA n intervals divided by 100 = mean count per interval IOA

Question 8

exact count per interval IOA

Answer 8

number of intervals of 100% IOA x n intervals x 100 = exact court per interval IOA %

Question 9

trial by trial IOA

Answer 9

number of trials agreement/total number of trials x 100 = trial by trial IOA %

Question 10

total duration IOA

Answer 10

shorter duration/longer duration x 100 = total duration IOA

Question 11

mean duration per occurrence IOA

Answer 11

dur IOA R1 + Dur IOA R2 + Dur IOA rn/ n responses with dur IOA

Question 12

interval by interval IOA

Answer 12

number of intervals agreed/number of intervals agreed + number of intervals disagreed x 100= interval by interval IOA

Question 13

scored interval IOA

Answer 13

calculated using only those intervals in which either observer recorded the occurrence of the behavior.

Question 14

unscored-interval IOA

Answer 14

is calculated using only those intervals in which either observer recorded the nonoccurrence of the behavior

Question 15

noncontingent reinforcement

Answer 15

an antecedent intervention in which stimuli with known reinforcing properties are delivered on a fixed-time or variable timer schedule independent of the learner’s behavior. 3 procedures-

• positive reinforcement
• negative reinforcement
• automatic reinforcement

Question 16

differential reinforcement procedures involves

Answer 16

reinforcement and extinction (except DRD, DRH, DRL)

Question 17

baseline logic at 3 dimensions of single case design are

Answer 17

prediction, verification, and replication

Question 18

generalized identity matching

Answer 18

reflexivity (real ball to picture of a ball)

Question 19

transitivity

Answer 19

A=b, b-c, then a must = c

Question 20

ABC recording

Answer 20

continuous measurement tool

Question 21

Inter-response time

Answer 21

only includes time between first occurrence

Question 22

applied

Answer 22

must select behaviors that are socially significant for participants social, language, academic, daily living, self-care, vocational, and/or recreation and leisure behaviors that improve the day-to-day life experience of participants.

Question 23

Behavioral

Answer 23

• behavior must be the behavior in need of improvement, not a similar behavior that serves as a proxy
• behavior must be measureable
• when changes in behavior are observed during an investigation it is necessary to ask whose behavior has changed

Question 24

Analytic

Answer 24

when experimenter has demonstrated a functional relation between the manipulated events and a reliable change in some measureable dimension of the targeted behavior. AKA the experimenter must be able to control the occurrence and nonoccurrence of the behavior.

Question 25

Technological

Answer 25

when all of its operative procedures are identified and described with sufficient detail and clarity “such that a reader has a fair chance of replicating the application with the same results

Question 26

Conceptually systematic

Answer 26

the procedures for changing behavior and any interpretations of how or why those procedures were effective should be described in terms of the relevant principles from which they were derived

Question 27

effective

Answer 27

must improve the behavior under investigation to a practical degree

Question 28

generality

Answer 28

it lasts over time, appears in environments other than the one in which the intervention that initially produced it was implemented and/or spreads to other behaviors not directly treated by the intervention

Question 29

mean count IOA

Answer 29

1. calculate IOA of each interval (smaller/larger)
2. Add them up
3. Divide by # of intervals
4. x by 100

Question 30

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 30

act one way around your mom versus your sister

Question 31

Stimulus deltas

Answer 31

signal of absence of reinforcement (not praised for saying purple), walking to store for drink (thirsty) and it’s closed

Question 32

Discrimination training

Answer 32

someone tells a joke to an audience one laughs and another is offended, jokester learns reinforcement for certain audiences

Question 33

Descriptive assessment (ex: ABC data) is to

Answer 33

prediction as functional analysis is to control

Question 34

inclusions and exclusions

Answer 34

elements of complete for operational definition