Practice Questions

Question 1

A healthy kidney reabsorbed 100% of filtered

Answer 1

Glucose

Albumin

Question 2

Which segment of the nephron reabsorbs greater than 80% of filtered K?

Answer 2

Proximal tubule

Question 3

Which segment of the nephron has a specific channel for reabsorbing Ca?

Answer 3

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 4

Which segment of the nephron is the primary “diluting segment” of the nephron?

Answer 4

Thick ascending loop of henle

Question 5

What is the primary mechanism by which drugs highly bound by proteins get into nephrons?

Answer 5

Tubular secretion

Question 6

The major effect of atorvastatin is to lower the levels of

Answer 6

LDL

Question 7

J. L, a 50yo female was placed on anti-dyslipidemic drug therapy. After a day or so she developed flushing and a rash on her face and itching all over her upper body. J.L was most likely being treated with

Answer 7

Niacin

Question 8

Drug X lowers lipoprotein levels by stimulating PPAR-a. This increases the activity of lipoprotein lipase and reduces expression of apoC-III. Drug X is

Answer 8

Fenofibrate

Question 9

With long term therapy with statins, there is increased risk of increasing…

Answer 9

Hyperglycemia/T2D

Question 10

Fenofibrate is the preferred choice for treating patients with

Answer 10

High triglycerides

Question 11

When atorvastatin is used with fenofibrate there is increased likelihood of …

Answer 11

Myopathy

Question 12

Which of the following agents lowers LDL levels mainly by inhibiting cholesterol absorption from enterocytes?

A. Niacin
B. Fenofibrate
C. Atorvastatin
D. Colesevelam
E. Ezetimibe

Answer 12

E. Ezetimibe

Question 13

One month after starting a drug to treat hypercholesterolemia, John started developing a skin rash, urticaria, myalgia, fatigue and headaches. John likely started treatment with?

A. Niacin
B. Fenofibrate
C. Atorvastatin
D. Colesevelam
E. Ezetimibe

Answer 13

B. Fenofibrate

Question 14

Which drug to treat hyperlipidemia acts by inhibiting mobilization of free FA from peripheral adipose tissue to liver?

Answer 14

Niacin (nicotinic acid)

Question 15

What is the drug of choice for lowering VLDL levels in patients at risk of pancreatitis and for mixed elevation of LDLs and VLDLs and low levels of HDLs?

Answer 15

Fibric acids

Question 16

What conditions are worsened with niacin (nicotinic acid)?

Answer 16

Gout
Ulcers
Diabetes
Liver dysfunction

Question 17

Giving niacin in combo with statins causes and increased risk of what disease?

Answer 17

Myopathy (rhabdomyolysis)

Question 18

What are the two drugs that are classified as fibric acid derivatives?

Answer 18

Gemifibrozil

Fenofibrate

Question 19

Jane has familial hypercholestremia. For the last five years she has been treated with maximally tolerated doses of statins/ezetimibe but her LDL is still not what is considered acceptable. Which of the following added to her existing lipid lowering drug regimen could help her achieve her goals?

A. Fibric acids
B. Niacin
C. Omega 3 FA
D. Bile acid binding resins
E. Lomitapide

Answer 19

E. Lomitapide

Question 20

How do the bile acid binding resins (cholestyramine, colestipol and colesevelam) function?

Answer 20

By anionic exchange

Question 21

Which lipoprotein is considered a scavenger for cholesterol?

Answer 21

HDL

Question 22

Which of the antihyperlipidemic is most effective in improving overall lipid profile and even more effective when given in combo with other drugs?

Answer 22

Niacin

Question 23

What is the principle indication for all fibrates?

Answer 23

Elevation of triglycerides

Question 24

Which are the most effective antihyperlipidemics with few side effects and hence first choice?

Answer 24

Statins

Question 25

Which statin is not metabolized by CYP2C9 and therefore can be safely used in patients that are taking other medications that are metabolized by CYP2C9?

Answer 25

Pravastatin

Question 26

Which of the following drug pairs lowers cardiac after load?

A. BB and CCB
B. organic nitrates and CCB
c. organic nitrates and BB
D. BB and ranolazine
E. CCB and ranolazine

Answer 26

a. BB and CCB

Question 27

Enzymatic sulfation in the liver is necessary for activation of which of the following antihypertensive prodrugs?

a. hydrazine
b. methyldopa
c. minoxidil
d. nitroglycerin
e. nitroprusside

Answer 27

c. minoxidil

Question 28

Which of the following side effects of ACE inhibitors is solely attributable to elevations in bradykinin levels?

a. angioedema
b. dysgeusia
c. hyperkalemia
d. hyperuricemia
e. hypotension

Answer 28

a. angioedema

Question 29

which of the following drug combinations would be most likely to cause serious bradycardia if it was administered to a patient with angina pectoris?

a. propranolol and nifedipine
b. ranolazine and isosorbide denigrate
c. nitroglycerin and diltiazem
d. propranolol and verapamil
e. verapamil and nifedipine

Answer 29

d. propranolol and verapamil

Question 30

Inhibition of PDE6 is most lily to cause which of the following side effects of sildenafil?

a. abnormal vision
b. bronchoconstriction
c. headache
d. hearing loss
e. priapism

Answer 30

a. abnormal vision

Question 31

first line agents for long term treatment of primary hypertension include all of the following except:

a. captopril
b. chlorthalidone
c. enalaprilat
d. losartan
e. nifedipine

Answer 31

c. enalaprilat

Question 32

a new fixed dose drug combo that provides a survival benefit for african american patients with congestive heart failure and hypertension contains hydrazine plus

a. captopril
b. chlorthalidone
c. isosorbide denigrate
d. losartan
e. nitroglycerine

Answer 32

c. isosorbide dinitrate

Question 33

which of the following vasodilators has a boxed warning for hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity?

a. alprostadil
b. bosentan
c. epoprostanol
d. nifedipine
e. nitroprusside

Answer 33

b. bosentan

Question 34

drug induced changes in serum potassium levels would be expected to occur with all of the following drugs except:

a. aliskiren
b. enalapril
c. furosemide
d. losartan
e. minoxidil

Answer 34

e. minoxidil