Practice Questions Flashcards
A healthy kidney reabsorbed 100% of filtered
Glucose
Albumin
Which segment of the nephron reabsorbs greater than 80% of filtered K?
Proximal tubule
Which segment of the nephron has a specific channel for reabsorbing Ca?
Distal convoluted tubule
Which segment of the nephron is the primary “diluting segment” of the nephron?
Thick ascending loop of henle
What is the primary mechanism by which drugs highly bound by proteins get into nephrons?
Tubular secretion
The major effect of atorvastatin is to lower the levels of
LDL
J. L, a 50yo female was placed on anti-dyslipidemic drug therapy. After a day or so she developed flushing and a rash on her face and itching all over her upper body. J.L was most likely being treated with
Niacin
Drug X lowers lipoprotein levels by stimulating PPAR-a. This increases the activity of lipoprotein lipase and reduces expression of apoC-III. Drug X is
Fenofibrate
With long term therapy with statins, there is increased risk of increasing…
Hyperglycemia/T2D
Fenofibrate is the preferred choice for treating patients with
High triglycerides
When atorvastatin is used with fenofibrate there is increased likelihood of …
Myopathy
Which of the following agents lowers LDL levels mainly by inhibiting cholesterol absorption from enterocytes?
A. Niacin B. Fenofibrate C. Atorvastatin D. Colesevelam E. Ezetimibe
E. Ezetimibe
One month after starting a drug to treat hypercholesterolemia, John started developing a skin rash, urticaria, myalgia, fatigue and headaches. John likely started treatment with?
A. Niacin B. Fenofibrate C. Atorvastatin D. Colesevelam E. Ezetimibe
B. Fenofibrate
Which drug to treat hyperlipidemia acts by inhibiting mobilization of free FA from peripheral adipose tissue to liver?
Niacin (nicotinic acid)
What is the drug of choice for lowering VLDL levels in patients at risk of pancreatitis and for mixed elevation of LDLs and VLDLs and low levels of HDLs?
Fibric acids
What conditions are worsened with niacin (nicotinic acid)?
Gout
Ulcers
Diabetes
Liver dysfunction
Giving niacin in combo with statins causes and increased risk of what disease?
Myopathy (rhabdomyolysis)
What are the two drugs that are classified as fibric acid derivatives?
Gemifibrozil
Fenofibrate
Jane has familial hypercholestremia. For the last five years she has been treated with maximally tolerated doses of statins/ezetimibe but her LDL is still not what is considered acceptable. Which of the following added to her existing lipid lowering drug regimen could help her achieve her goals?
A. Fibric acids B. Niacin C. Omega 3 FA D. Bile acid binding resins E. Lomitapide
E. Lomitapide
How do the bile acid binding resins (cholestyramine, colestipol and colesevelam) function?
By anionic exchange
Which lipoprotein is considered a scavenger for cholesterol?
HDL
Which of the antihyperlipidemic is most effective in improving overall lipid profile and even more effective when given in combo with other drugs?
Niacin
What is the principle indication for all fibrates?
Elevation of triglycerides
Which are the most effective antihyperlipidemics with few side effects and hence first choice?
Statins
Which statin is not metabolized by CYP2C9 and therefore can be safely used in patients that are taking other medications that are metabolized by CYP2C9?
Pravastatin
Which of the following drug pairs lowers cardiac after load?
A. BB and CCB B. organic nitrates and CCB c. organic nitrates and BB D. BB and ranolazine E. CCB and ranolazine
a. BB and CCB
Enzymatic sulfation in the liver is necessary for activation of which of the following antihypertensive prodrugs?
a. hydrazine
b. methyldopa
c. minoxidil
d. nitroglycerin
e. nitroprusside
c. minoxidil
Which of the following side effects of ACE inhibitors is solely attributable to elevations in bradykinin levels?
a. angioedema
b. dysgeusia
c. hyperkalemia
d. hyperuricemia
e. hypotension
a. angioedema
which of the following drug combinations would be most likely to cause serious bradycardia if it was administered to a patient with angina pectoris?
a. propranolol and nifedipine
b. ranolazine and isosorbide denigrate
c. nitroglycerin and diltiazem
d. propranolol and verapamil
e. verapamil and nifedipine
d. propranolol and verapamil
Inhibition of PDE6 is most lily to cause which of the following side effects of sildenafil?
a. abnormal vision
b. bronchoconstriction
c. headache
d. hearing loss
e. priapism
a. abnormal vision
first line agents for long term treatment of primary hypertension include all of the following except:
a. captopril
b. chlorthalidone
c. enalaprilat
d. losartan
e. nifedipine
c. enalaprilat
a new fixed dose drug combo that provides a survival benefit for african american patients with congestive heart failure and hypertension contains hydrazine plus
a. captopril
b. chlorthalidone
c. isosorbide denigrate
d. losartan
e. nitroglycerine
c. isosorbide dinitrate
which of the following vasodilators has a boxed warning for hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity?
a. alprostadil
b. bosentan
c. epoprostanol
d. nifedipine
e. nitroprusside
b. bosentan
drug induced changes in serum potassium levels would be expected to occur with all of the following drugs except:
a. aliskiren
b. enalapril
c. furosemide
d. losartan
e. minoxidil
e. minoxidil
