Practice Questions Flashcards
The _________ is a remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus, an arterial shunt between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch.
ligamentum arteriosum
The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the fetal _________, an arterial shunt between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch.
ductus arteriosus
The middle cardiac vein drains into the coronary sinus, whereas the __________ and the venae cordis minimae drain into the right atrium.
anterior cardiac veins
The paranchyma (glandular tissue) of the mammary gland is located within the __________ (layer) of the anterior chest wall overlying the serratus anterior and pectoralis major muscles.
superficial fascia
The paranchyma (glandular tissue) of the mammary gland is located within the superficial (layer) of the anterior chest wall overlying the serratus anterior and ___________ muscles.
pectoralis major
The parietal and visceral layers of the pleura are continuous at the _________ of the lung.
root
At the level of the hilus of the left lung, the descending aorta is positioned __________ to the primary bronchus.
posterior
The left, ________ and caudate lobes of the liver typically receive their primary arterial blood supply from branches of the left hepatic artery.
quadrate
The left, quadrate and ________ lobes of the liver typically receive their primary arterial blood supply from branches of the left hepatic artery.
caudate
The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the __________ and seminal vesicle, and drains directly into the prostatic urethra (sinus).
vas deferens
The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens and _________, and drains directly into the prostatic urethra (sinus).
seminal vescile
The superior epigastric artery is one of the terminal branches of the __________ artery.
internal thoracic
The ___________ lymph nodes are located directly inferior to the carina.
inferior trachiobronchial
The left superior intercostal vein is typically a direct tributary of the ___________.
left brachiocephalic vein
With hemiparalysis of the diaphragm, the involved side __________ during deep inspiration.
ascends
During an abdominal examination, the __________ of the liver is more readily palpated during deep inspiration.
inferior margin
The ___________ artery, common bile duct and hepatic portal vein are all suspended within the hepatoduodenal ligament.
proper hepatic
The _________ (thoracic space) extends from the thoracic inlet to a plane extending from the inferior border of vertebra T4 to the sternal angle.
superior mediastinum
The __________ typically extends into the anterior mediastinum in infants.
thymus
The _________ begins at the cisterna chyli and empties into the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.
thoracic duct
The ________ duct traverses the diaphragm by passing through the aortic hiatus.
thoracic
The __________ vein is formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar, right lumbar azygos and right subcostal veins.
azygos
The uterus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the __________ (female inferior vesicle), ovarian and uterine arteries.
vaginal
In its course through the thorax, the _________ is typically constricted anteriorly by the arch of the aorta and the left main bronchus.
esophagus
The cardiac plexus, positioned between the bifurcation of the trachea and the arch of the aorta, receives axons from the cardiac and the _________ nerves.
vagus
The posterior interventricular artery is typically a direct branch of the ____________.
right coronary artery
The __________ nerve typically traverses the diaphragm by piercing or passing through the crus.
greater splanchnic
In the coronary sulcus, the _________ vein is positioned adjacent to the right coronary artery.
small cardiac vein
The __________ are irregular columns of muscle in the wall of the right ventricle.
trabeculae carnae
Indirect inguinal hernias are positioned ________ to the inferior epigastric artery.
lateral
The _________ connect the rete testis with the head of the epididymis.
efferent ductules
At the superficial ring the floor of the inguinal canal is formed by the _________.
lacunar ligament
The cremaster muscle is innervated by a branch of the _________ nerve.
genitofemoral
The lower portion of the esophagus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the _________ artery.
left gastric
The body of the pancreas is positioned ____________ to the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity.
posterior
An important portal-systemic (caval) shunt occurs at the distal end of the rectum where tributaries of the superior rectal vein anastomosis with tributaries of the __________ vein.
middle (and inferior) rectal
A hepatic triad includes a branch of the hepatic artery, bile duct and ___________.
hepatic portal vein
In fetal life, the ductus venosus shunts placental blood from the umbilical vein to the _____________.
inferior vena cava
The ventral mesentery includes the falciform, hepatogastric and __________ ligaments.
hepatoduodenal
The left kidney is typically positioned adjacent to the diaphragm, psoas major, __________ and quadratus lumborum muscles.
transversus abdominis
The tail of the ___________ is positioned between the layers of the lienorenal ligament
(a peritoneal fold).
pancreas
The omental foramen is positioned directly posterior to the __________ vein.
hepatic portal
The lateral umbilical ligament is a peritoneal fold surrounding the __________.
inferior epigastric artery
The splenic artery is positioned in part between the layers of the __________ ligament.
lienorenal
The gastroduodenal artery passes __________ to the duodenum prior to branching into the right gastroepiploic and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.
posterior
The peripheral aspect of the __________ overlying the superior surface of the diaphragm receives its sensory innervation from the intercostal nerves.
pleura
The glans of the penis receives its sensory innervation from the dorsal nerve of the penis, one of the terminal branches of the __________ nerve.
pudendal
The ___________ segments of the duodenum are all retroperitoneal structures.
2nd-4th
The inferior vena cava is positioned ___________ to the duodenum.
posterior
The convex surface of the spleen is in contact with the peritoneum covering the inferior surface of the ___________.
diaphragm
The sigmoid arteries are typically branches of the ___________.
inferior mesenteric artery
The bulbospongiosus muscle and the ___________ sphinchter both attach in part to the perineal body.
external anal
The lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall typically drain directly into the __________ lymph nodes.
retroaortic
The tips of the renal papillae drain urine into the ___________ of the kidneys.
minor calyces
The left testicular vein is typically a direct branch of the ________.
left renal vein
The left ureter typically passes directly ___________ (position) to the common iliac vein.
anterior
The __________ forms the inferior border of the deep space or urogenital diaphragm.
perineal membrane
The left inferior suprarenal artery is typically a direct branch of the _________.
left renal artery
The crura of the penis are attached to the __________ of the bony pelvis.
ischiopubic ramus
The lymphatics of the testes drain directly into the _________ nodes.
lateral aortic
The external anal sphinchter is innervated in part by the __________ nerve, a branch of the pudendal nerve.
inferior rectal
The _________, cremasteric and deferent arteries are all located in part within the spermatic cord.
testicular
The anterior recess of the __________ is positioned between the urogenital and pelvic diaphragms.
ischiorectal fossa
The rectouterine pouch is positioned directly _________ to the posterior fornix of the vagina.
posterior
Adjacent to the cervix, the uterine artery typically anastomoses with branches of the ___________ artery.
vaginal
The _________ fascia is continuous with the fascia of the external oblique muscle.
external spermatic
The ___________ orifice and the orifices of the ureters are positioned at the angles of the trigone of the bladder.
internal urethral
In the female, the superficial transverse perineus muscle extends from the ischial tuberosity to the ___________.
perineal body (central tendon)
During an episiotomy it may be necessary to block multiple nerves because the female perineum receives its sensory innervation from branches of the genitofemoral, ilioinguinal, ________ and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves.
pudendal
The levator ani muscle attaches in part to the tendinous arch, a thickening of the fascia of the ____________ muscle.
obturator internus
The sphincter urethrae and ___________ muscles are both positioned in the deep perineal space.
deep transverse perineus
Which of the following changes occurs at birth?
A. blood pressure in the right atrium becomes significantly higher than in the left atrium
B. Ductus venosus shunts blood from the aorta into the pulmonary trunk
C. Resistance to blood flow into the pulmonary arteries is significantly reduced
D. Right ventricle pumps blood exclusively into the systemic circulation
E. Significant amount of blood regurgitates from the ventricles into atria
C
Pericardioperitoneal canals:
A. allow communication between abdominal and thoracic cavities
B. allow lengthening and looping of the endocardial tubes
C. are located dorsal to the cardiogenic area before embryonic folding
D. are the openings into the omental bursa
E. provide space for the neural tube development
A
Central tendon of the diaphragm derives from the: A. dorsal mesentery. B. pleuroperitoneal membrane. C. proximal midgut. D. septum transversum. E. ventral pancreatic bud.
D
Fusion of the right and left endocardial tubes form:
A. the primitive heart tube.
B. the dorsal aorta.
C. during the 2nd week.
D. caudal to septum transversum in 3rd week.
E. in the septum transversum.
A
At which stage of lung maturation do Pneumocytes first appear? A. Alveolar B. Canalicular C. Pneumocytes develop postnatally D. Pseudoglandular E. Terminal Sac
E
In a patient lying supine, ascites (peritoneal fluid) is most often found in the omental bursa due to gravity and fluid moving into this space through the:
A. ampulla of Vater.
B. cystic duct.
C. foramen of Winslow (epiploic foramen).
D. lesser peritoneal sac.
E. lienorenal ligament.
C
Which of the following first returns to the body from the physiological herniation? A. Cecum B. Cloaca C. Bile duct D. Jejunum E. Pancreas
D
Which of the following is true for transformation of the foregut?
A. Dorsal mesogastrium drapes over the transverse colon
B. Omental bursa forms from elongation of the ventral mesogastrium
C. Pancreas rotates to the right side of the duodenum
D. Splanchnic lateral mesoderm gives rise to the myenteric plexus
E. Stomach rotates to the right and cephalic direction
A
Which of the following is true for the midgut?
A. Appendix arises from it
B. Attached to the dorsal body wall by greater omentum
C. It loops out into the umbilical cord and rotates to the left
D. Main blood supply is from branches of the celiac trunk
E. None of the above
A
Which of the following is true?
A. Accessory pancreatic duct is found in the uncinate process
B. Duodenum is derived from the septum transversum
C. Gall bladder is derived from the midgut diverticulum
D. Liver develops in the dorsal mesentery
E. Ventral pancreatic bud is supplied by branches of the celiac trunk
E
At 5th week of embryonic development, which of the following is functional? A. Pronephros B. Mesonephros C. Metanephros D. Prostate gland E. Allantois
B
Which of the following gives rise to the seminal vesicles? A. Endoderm of the urogenital sinus B. Genital tubercle C. Allantois D. Mesonephric duct E. Labioscrotal folds
D
In the 5th week of development, mesonephric ducts fail to form on both sides of an embryo. Which of the following conditions would you expect to see in the new born? A. Accessory renal arteries B. Bilateral renal agenesis C. Pelvic kidney D. Polycystic kidney disease E. Ambiguous genitalia
B
Labia minora are: A. derived from the urogenital folds. B. homologous to the male scrotum. C. derived from fusion of the caudal paramesonephric ducts. D. homologous to glans penis. E. the remnants of mesonephric ducts.
A
A genetically male embryo has a mutation that renders paramesonephric ducts insensitive to AMH/MIF, which of the following is the likely phenotype of this embryo at the third trimester?
A. Develop female external genitalia
B. Male genital ducts do not develop
C. More susceptible to developing Wilm’s tumor
D. Ovaries instead of testes
E. Uterus develops
E
