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Unit II: Trunk > Practice Questions > Flashcards

Practice Questions Flashcards

1
Q

The _________ is a remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus, an arterial shunt between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch.

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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2
Q

The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the fetal _________, an arterial shunt between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch.

A

ductus arteriosus

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3
Q

The middle cardiac vein drains into the coronary sinus, whereas the __________ and the venae cordis minimae drain into the right atrium.

A

anterior cardiac veins

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4
Q

The paranchyma (glandular tissue) of the mammary gland is located within the __________ (layer) of the anterior chest wall overlying the serratus anterior and pectoralis major muscles.

A

superficial fascia

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5
Q

The paranchyma (glandular tissue) of the mammary gland is located within the superficial (layer) of the anterior chest wall overlying the serratus anterior and ___________ muscles.

A

pectoralis major

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6
Q

The parietal and visceral layers of the pleura are continuous at the _________ of the lung.

A

root

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7
Q

At the level of the hilus of the left lung, the descending aorta is positioned __________ to the primary bronchus.

A

posterior

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8
Q

The left, ________ and caudate lobes of the liver typically receive their primary arterial blood supply from branches of the left hepatic artery.

A

quadrate

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9
Q

The left, quadrate and ________ lobes of the liver typically receive their primary arterial blood supply from branches of the left hepatic artery.

A

caudate

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10
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the __________ and seminal vesicle, and drains directly into the prostatic urethra (sinus).

A

vas deferens

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11
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens and _________, and drains directly into the prostatic urethra (sinus).

A

seminal vescile

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12
Q

The superior epigastric artery is one of the terminal branches of the __________ artery.

A

internal thoracic

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13
Q

The ___________ lymph nodes are located directly inferior to the carina.

A

inferior trachiobronchial

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14
Q

The left superior intercostal vein is typically a direct tributary of the ___________.

A

left brachiocephalic vein

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15
Q

With hemiparalysis of the diaphragm, the involved side __________ during deep inspiration.

A

ascends

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16
Q

During an abdominal examination, the __________ of the liver is more readily palpated during deep inspiration.

A

inferior margin

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17
Q

The ___________ artery, common bile duct and hepatic portal vein are all suspended within the hepatoduodenal ligament.

A

proper hepatic

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18
Q

The _________ (thoracic space) extends from the thoracic inlet to a plane extending from the inferior border of vertebra T4 to the sternal angle.

A

superior mediastinum

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19
Q

The __________ typically extends into the anterior mediastinum in infants.

A

thymus

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20
Q

The _________ begins at the cisterna chyli and empties into the venous system at the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins.

A

thoracic duct

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21
Q

The ________ duct traverses the diaphragm by passing through the aortic hiatus.

A

thoracic

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22
Q

The __________ vein is formed by the union of the right ascending lumbar, right lumbar azygos and right subcostal veins.

A

azygos

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23
Q

The uterus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the __________ (female inferior vesicle), ovarian and uterine arteries.

A

vaginal

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24
Q

In its course through the thorax, the _________ is typically constricted anteriorly by the arch of the aorta and the left main bronchus.

A

esophagus

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25
Q

The cardiac plexus, positioned between the bifurcation of the trachea and the arch of the aorta, receives axons from the cardiac and the _________ nerves.

A

vagus

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26
Q

The posterior interventricular artery is typically a direct branch of the ____________.

A

right coronary artery

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27
Q

The __________ nerve typically traverses the diaphragm by piercing or passing through the crus.

A

greater splanchnic

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28
Q

In the coronary sulcus, the _________ vein is positioned adjacent to the right coronary artery.

A

small cardiac vein

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29
Q

The __________ are irregular columns of muscle in the wall of the right ventricle.

A

trabeculae carnae

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30
Q

Indirect inguinal hernias are positioned ________ to the inferior epigastric artery.

A

lateral

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31
Q

The _________ connect the rete testis with the head of the epididymis.

A

efferent ductules

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32
Q

At the superficial ring the floor of the inguinal canal is formed by the _________.

A

lacunar ligament

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33
Q

The cremaster muscle is innervated by a branch of the _________ nerve.

A

genitofemoral

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34
Q

The lower portion of the esophagus typically receives its blood supply from branches of the _________ artery.

A

left gastric

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35
Q

The body of the pancreas is positioned ____________ to the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity.

A

posterior

36
Q

An important portal-systemic (caval) shunt occurs at the distal end of the rectum where tributaries of the superior rectal vein anastomosis with tributaries of the __________ vein.

A

middle (and inferior) rectal

37
Q

A hepatic triad includes a branch of the hepatic artery, bile duct and ___________.

A

hepatic portal vein

38
Q

In fetal life, the ductus venosus shunts placental blood from the umbilical vein to the _____________.

A

inferior vena cava

39
Q

The ventral mesentery includes the falciform, hepatogastric and __________ ligaments.

A

hepatoduodenal

40
Q

The left kidney is typically positioned adjacent to the diaphragm, psoas major, __________ and quadratus lumborum muscles.

A

transversus abdominis

41
Q

The tail of the ___________ is positioned between the layers of the lienorenal ligament
(a peritoneal fold).

A

pancreas

42
Q

The omental foramen is positioned directly posterior to the __________ vein.

A

hepatic portal

43
Q

The lateral umbilical ligament is a peritoneal fold surrounding the __________.

A

inferior epigastric artery

44
Q

The splenic artery is positioned in part between the layers of the __________ ligament.

A

lienorenal

45
Q

The gastroduodenal artery passes __________ to the duodenum prior to branching into the right gastroepiploic and superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

A

posterior

46
Q

The peripheral aspect of the __________ overlying the superior surface of the diaphragm receives its sensory innervation from the intercostal nerves.

A

pleura

47
Q

The glans of the penis receives its sensory innervation from the dorsal nerve of the penis, one of the terminal branches of the __________ nerve.

A

pudendal

48
Q

The ___________ segments of the duodenum are all retroperitoneal structures.

A

2nd-4th

49
Q

The inferior vena cava is positioned ___________ to the duodenum.

A

posterior

50
Q

The convex surface of the spleen is in contact with the peritoneum covering the inferior surface of the ___________.

A

diaphragm

51
Q

The sigmoid arteries are typically branches of the ___________.

A

inferior mesenteric artery

52
Q

The bulbospongiosus muscle and the ___________ sphinchter both attach in part to the perineal body.

A

external anal

53
Q

The lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall typically drain directly into the __________ lymph nodes.

A

retroaortic

54
Q

The tips of the renal papillae drain urine into the ___________ of the kidneys.

A

minor calyces

55
Q

The left testicular vein is typically a direct branch of the ________.

A

left renal vein

56
Q

The left ureter typically passes directly ___________ (position) to the common iliac vein.

A

anterior

57
Q

The __________ forms the inferior border of the deep space or urogenital diaphragm.

A

perineal membrane

58
Q

The left inferior suprarenal artery is typically a direct branch of the _________.

A

left renal artery

59
Q

The crura of the penis are attached to the __________ of the bony pelvis.

A

ischiopubic ramus

60
Q

The lymphatics of the testes drain directly into the _________ nodes.

A

lateral aortic

61
Q

The external anal sphinchter is innervated in part by the __________ nerve, a branch of the pudendal nerve.

A

inferior rectal

62
Q

The _________, cremasteric and deferent arteries are all located in part within the spermatic cord.

A

testicular

63
Q

The anterior recess of the __________ is positioned between the urogenital and pelvic diaphragms.

A

ischiorectal fossa

64
Q

The rectouterine pouch is positioned directly _________ to the posterior fornix of the vagina.

A

posterior

65
Q

Adjacent to the cervix, the uterine artery typically anastomoses with branches of the ___________ artery.

A

vaginal

66
Q

The _________ fascia is continuous with the fascia of the external oblique muscle.

A

external spermatic

67
Q

The ___________ orifice and the orifices of the ureters are positioned at the angles of the trigone of the bladder.

A

internal urethral

68
Q

In the female, the superficial transverse perineus muscle extends from the ischial tuberosity to the ___________.

A

perineal body (central tendon)

69
Q

During an episiotomy it may be necessary to block multiple nerves because the female perineum receives its sensory innervation from branches of the genitofemoral, ilioinguinal, ________ and posterior femoral cutaneous nerves.

A

pudendal

70
Q

The levator ani muscle attaches in part to the tendinous arch, a thickening of the fascia of the ____________ muscle.

A

obturator internus

71
Q

The sphincter urethrae and ___________ muscles are both positioned in the deep perineal space.

A

deep transverse perineus

72
Q

Which of the following changes occurs at birth?
A. blood pressure in the right atrium becomes significantly higher than in the left atrium
B. Ductus venosus shunts blood from the aorta into the pulmonary trunk
C. Resistance to blood flow into the pulmonary arteries is significantly reduced
D. Right ventricle pumps blood exclusively into the systemic circulation
E. Significant amount of blood regurgitates from the ventricles into atria

A

C

73
Q

Pericardioperitoneal canals:
A. allow communication between abdominal and thoracic cavities
B. allow lengthening and looping of the endocardial tubes
C. are located dorsal to the cardiogenic area before embryonic folding
D. are the openings into the omental bursa
E. provide space for the neural tube development

A

A

74
Q 
Central tendon of the diaphragm derives from the:
	A. dorsal mesentery.
	B. pleuroperitoneal membrane.
	C. proximal midgut.
	D. septum transversum.
	E. ventral pancreatic bud.
A

D

75
Q

Fusion of the right and left endocardial tubes form:
A. the primitive heart tube.
B. the dorsal aorta.
C. during the 2nd week.
D. caudal to septum transversum in 3rd week.
E. in the septum transversum.

A

A

76
Q 
At which stage of lung maturation do Pneumocytes first appear?
	A. Alveolar
	B. Canalicular
	C. Pneumocytes develop postnatally
	D. Pseudoglandular
	E. Terminal Sac
A

E

77
Q

In a patient lying supine, ascites (peritoneal fluid) is most often found in the omental bursa due to gravity and fluid moving into this space through the:
A. ampulla of Vater.
B. cystic duct.
C. foramen of Winslow (epiploic foramen).
D. lesser peritoneal sac.
E. lienorenal ligament.

A

C

78
Q 
Which of the following first returns to the body from the physiological herniation?
	A. Cecum
	B. Cloaca
	C. Bile duct
	D. Jejunum
	E. Pancreas
A

D

79
Q

Which of the following is true for transformation of the foregut?
A. Dorsal mesogastrium drapes over the transverse colon
B. Omental bursa forms from elongation of the ventral mesogastrium
C. Pancreas rotates to the right side of the duodenum
D. Splanchnic lateral mesoderm gives rise to the myenteric plexus
E. Stomach rotates to the right and cephalic direction

A

A

80
Q

Which of the following is true for the midgut?
A. Appendix arises from it
B. Attached to the dorsal body wall by greater omentum
C. It loops out into the umbilical cord and rotates to the left
D. Main blood supply is from branches of the celiac trunk
E. None of the above

A

A

81
Q

Which of the following is true?
A. Accessory pancreatic duct is found in the uncinate process
B. Duodenum is derived from the septum transversum
C. Gall bladder is derived from the midgut diverticulum
D. Liver develops in the dorsal mesentery
E. Ventral pancreatic bud is supplied by branches of the celiac trunk

A

E

82
Q 
At 5th week of embryonic development, which of the following is functional?
	A. Pronephros
	B. Mesonephros
	C. Metanephros
	D. Prostate gland
	E. Allantois
A

B

83
Q 
Which of the following gives rise to the seminal vesicles?
	A. Endoderm of the urogenital sinus
	B. Genital tubercle
	C. Allantois
	D. Mesonephric duct
	E. Labioscrotal folds
A

D

84
Q 
In the 5th week of development, mesonephric ducts fail to form on both sides of an embryo. Which of the following conditions would you expect to see in the new born?
	A. Accessory renal arteries
	B. Bilateral renal agenesis
	C. Pelvic kidney
	D. Polycystic kidney disease
	E. Ambiguous genitalia
A

B

85
Q 
Labia minora are:
	A. derived from the urogenital folds.
	B. homologous to the male scrotum.
	C. derived from fusion of the caudal paramesonephric ducts.
	D. homologous to glans penis.
	E. the remnants of mesonephric ducts.
A

A

86
Q

A genetically male embryo has a mutation that renders paramesonephric ducts insensitive to AMH/MIF, which of the following is the likely phenotype of this embryo at the third trimester?
A. Develop female external genitalia
B. Male genital ducts do not develop
C. More susceptible to developing Wilm’s tumor
D. Ovaries instead of testes
E. Uterus develops

A

E

Unit II: Trunk (3 decks)

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