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Unit II: Trunk > B-Pages > Flashcards

B-Pages Flashcards

1
Q

Branches of the Pulmonary Trunk?

A

Right pulmonary a.

Left pulmonary a.

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2
Q

Branches of the Right pulmonary artery?

A

Superior branch

Inferior branch

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3
Q

Branches of the Left pulmonary artery?

A

Superior branch

Inferior branch

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4
Q

Branches of the Ascending aorta?

A

Right coronary a.

Left coronary a.

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5
Q

Branches of the Right coronary artery?

A

Atrial rami
Right marginal branches
Posterior interventricular a.

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6
Q

Branches of Atrial rami?

A

SA nodal a.

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7
Q

Anastomoses of Posterior interventricular artery?

A

Anterior interventricular a.

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8
Q

Branches of Left coronary artery?

A

Anterior interventricular a.

Circumflex branch

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9
Q

Anastomoses of Anterior inter ventricular artery?

A

Posterior interventricular a.

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10
Q

Anastomoses of Circumflex branch?

A

Right coronary artery

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11
Q

Branches of Circumflex branch?

A

Left marginal branches

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12
Q

Branches of the Arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic a.
Left common carotid a.
Left subclavian a.

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13
Q

Branches of the Left subclavian artery?

A 
Vertebral a.
Thyrocervical t.
Internal thoracic a.
Costocervical t.
Axillary a.
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14
Q

Branches of Internal thoracic artery?

A

Pericardiacophrenic a.
Anterior intercostal a. (1-6)
Musculophrenic a.
Superior epigastric a.

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15
Q

Anastomoses of Anterior intercostal artery (1-6)

A

Posterior intercostals a.

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16
Q

Branches of Musculophrenic artery?

A

Anterior intercostals a. (7-9)

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17
Q

Anastomoses of Musculophrenic artery?

A

Lower posterior intercostals a.

Deep circumflex iliac a.

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18
Q

Anastomoses of Anterior intercostals (7-9)

A

Posterior intercostals a.

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19
Q

Anastomoses of Superior epigastric artery?

A

Inferior epigastric a.

Contralateral superior epigastric a.

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20
Q

Branches of Costocervical trunk?

A

Superior intercostal a. (1-2)

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21
Q

Anastomoses of Superior intercostal a. (1-2)?

A

Anterior intercostal a.

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22
Q

Branches of Axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic a.

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23
Q

Branches of the Descending aorta?

A

Bronchial a.
Esophageal a.
Posterior intercostal a. (3-11)
Subcostal a.

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24
Q

Anastomoses of Posterior intercostal a. (3-11)?

A

Anterior intercostals a. (1-6)

Musculophrenic (lower intercostals) a.

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25
Q

Branches of Abdominal aorta?

A 
Inferior phrenic a.
Celiac t.
Superior mesenteric a.
Inferior mesenteric a.
Middle suprarenal a.
Ovarian or testicular a.
Renal a.
Lumbar a.
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26
Q

Branches of Inferior phrenic artery?

A

Superior suprarenal a.

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27
Q

Branches of Celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric a.
Common hepatic a.
Splenic a.

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28
Q

Branches of Left gastric artery?

A

Esophageal branches

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29
Q

Anastomoses of Left gastric artery?

A

Right gastric a.

Short gastric a.

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30
Q

Branches of Common hepatic a?

A

Gastroduodenal a.

Hepatic proper a.

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31
Q

Branches of Gastroduodenal artery?

A

R. gastroepiploic a.

Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.

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32
Q

Anastomoses of R. gastroepiploic artery?

A

L. gastroepiploic a.

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33
Q

Anastomoses of Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.

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34
Q

Branches of Hepatic proper artery?

A

Right gastric a.
Left hepatic a.
Right hepatic a.

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35
Q

Branches of Right gastric artery?

A

Left gastric a.

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36
Q

Branches of Right hepatic artery?

A

Cystic a.

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37
Q

Branches of Splenic artery?

A

Short gastric a.
Great pancreatic a.
Left gastroepiploic a.

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38
Q

Anastomoses of Short gastric artery?

A

Left gastric a.

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39
Q

Anastomoses of Left gastroepiploic artery?

A

R. gastroepiploic a.

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40
Q

Branches of Superior mesenteric artery?

A 
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
Jejunal branches
Ileal branches 
Ileocolic a.
Right colic a.
Middle colic a.
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41
Q

Anastomoses of Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.

Jejunal a.

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42
Q

Anastomoses of Jejunal branches?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.

Ileal a.

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43
Q

Anastomoses of Ileal branches?

A

Jejunal a.

Ileocolic a.

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44
Q

Anastomoses of Ileocolic artery?

A

Ileal a.

Right colic a.

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45
Q

Anastomoses of Right colic artery?

A

Ileocolic a.

Middle colic a.

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46
Q

Anastomoses of Middle colic artery?

A

Right colic a.

Left colic a.

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47
Q

Branches of Inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic a.
Sigmoid a.
Superior rectal a.

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48
Q

Anastomoses of Left colic artery?

A

Middle colic a.

Sigmoid a.

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49
Q

Anastomoses of Sigmoid artery?

A

Left colic a.

Superior rectal a.

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50
Q

Anastomoses of Superior rectal artery?

A

Sigmoid a.

Inferior rectal a.

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51
Q

Anastomoses of Ovarian or Testicular arteries?

A

Uterine a.

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52
Q

Branches of Renal artery?

A

Segmental a.

Inferior suprarenal a.

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53
Q

Main arteries of pelvis?

A

Common iliac a.
External iliac a.
Internal iliac a.

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54
Q

Branches of External iliac artery?

A

Inferior epigastric a.

Deep circumflex iliac a.

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55
Q

Branches of Inferior epigastric artery?

A

Cremasteric a.

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56
Q

Anastomoses of Inferior epigastric artery?

A

Superior epigastric a.

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57
Q

Anastomoses of Deep circumflex iliac artery?

A

Musculophrenic a.

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58
Q

Branches of Internal iliac artery?

A 
Umbilical a.
Superior vesical a.
Inferior vesical a.
Middle rectal a.
Uterine a.
Obturator a.
Internal pudendal a.
Inferior gluteal a.
Superior gluteal a.
Iliolumbar a.
Lateral sacral a.
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59
Q

Branches of Superior vescial artery?

A

Ductus deferens branch

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60
Q

Branches of Inferior vesicle artery?

A

Vaginal branch

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61
Q

Anastomoses of Vaginal branch?

A

Uterine a.

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62
Q

Anastomoses of Uterine artery?

A

Ovarian a.

Vaginal a.

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63
Q

Branches of Internal pudendal artery?

A

Inferior rectal a.
Perineal a.
Deep artery of the clitoris or penis
Dorsal artery of the clitoris of penis

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64
Q

Anastomoses of Inferior rectal artery?

A

Superior rectal a.

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65
Q

Branch of Perineal artery?

A

Posterior labial or scrotal branches

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66
Q

Attachments to body of vertebrae?

A

Psoas m.
Diaphragm m.
Anterior & posterior longitudinal lig.

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67
Q

Costal facet function?

A

Articulates with head of rib

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68
Q

Vertebral foramen and canal function?

A

Houses spinal cord

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69
Q

Intervertebral foramen function?

A

Transmits spinal nerves and radicular vessels

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70
Q

Attachments to transverse processes?

A

Erector spinae m.
Psoas m.
Levator scapulae m.
Transversalis fascia

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71
Q

Costotubercular facet function?

A

Articulate with the ribs

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72
Q

Superior/Inferior articular facet function?

A

Articulates with adjacent inferior articular facet

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73
Q

Attachments to lamina?

A

Ligamentum flavum

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74
Q

Attachments to spinous process?

A 
Trapezius
Rhomboids
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae
Transversospinalis 
Interspinous lig.
Supraspinous lig.
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75
Q

Function of base of sacrum?

A

Articulates with 5th lumbar vertebra

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76
Q

Attachments to sacral promontory?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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77
Q

Attachments to pelvic surface of sacrum?

A

Piriformis

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78
Q

Attachments to dorsal surface of sacrum?

A

Erector spinae
Gluteus maximus
Sacrotuberous lig.
Sacrospinous lig.

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79
Q

Function of dorsal sacral foramina?

A

Transmits dorsal rami of sacral nerves

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80
Q

Attachments to median sacral crest?

A

Erector Spinae

Gluteus maximus

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81
Q

Attachments to lateral sacral crest?

A

Erector Spinae

Gluteus maximus

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82
Q

Function of apex of sacrum?

A

Articulates with coccyx

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83
Q

Function of sacral canal?

A

Houses sacral spinal roots

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84
Q

Attachments to coccyx?

A

Coccygeus m.

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85
Q

Function of articular facet of rib?

A

Articulate with body of vertebrae

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86
Q

Attachments to shaft of ribs?

A 
Pectoralis minor (3-5)
Serratus Anterior
External intercostal 
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal
Diaphragm
External oblique
Quadratus lumborum
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87
Q

Attachments to angle of ribs?

A

Erector spinae (iliocostalis)

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88
Q

Function of articular facet?

A

Articulates with transverse process

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89
Q

Function of costal groove?

A

Houses intercostal vein, artery, and nerve

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90
Q

Attachments to scalene tubercle (1st rib)?

A

Anterior scalene muscle to 1st rib

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91
Q

Attachments to manubrium?

A

Pectoralis major m.

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92
Q

Function of clavicular notch & facet?

A

Articulates with clavicle

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93
Q

Attachments to body of sternum?

A

Pectoralis major

Transversis thoracis m.

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94
Q

Function of costal notches?

A

Articulates with ribs 2-7

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95
Q

Attachments to xiphoid process?

A

Diaphragm

Rectus abdominis

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96
Q

Attachments to iliac crest?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
Quadratus lumborum

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97
Q

Attachments to anterior superior iliac spine?

A

Inguinal lig.

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98
Q

Function of greater sciatic notch?

A

Transmits piriformis m., superior gluteal a., inferior gluteal a., sciatic n., pudendal n., superior gluteal n., inferior gluteal n.

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99
Q

Attachments to iliopubic eminence?

A

Pubofemoral lig.

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100
Q

Attachments to iliac tuberosity?

A

Dorsal sacroiliac lig.
Interosseous sacroiliac lig.
Iliolumbar lig.

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101
Q

Attachments to iliac fossa?

A

Iliacus m.

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102
Q

Attachments to body of pubis?

A

Levator ani

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103
Q

Attachments to pubic crest?

A

Rectus abdominis

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104
Q

Attachments to pubic tubercle?

A

Rectus abdominis

Inguinal lig.

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105
Q

Attachments to pecten pubis?

A

Conjoined tendon lig.
Lacunar lig.
Pectineal lig.

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106
Q

Function of obturator groove?

A

Transmits obturator n.a.v.

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107
Q

Attachments to inferior pubic ramus?

A

Ischiocavernosus m.

Compressor urethrae m.

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108
Q

Function of lesser sciatic notch?

A

Transmits obturator internus tendon, pudendal n., & internal pudendal a. and v.

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109
Q

Attachments to ischial spine?

A

Levator ani m.
Coccygeus m.
Sacrospinous lig.

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110
Q

Attachments to ischial ramus?

A

Ischiocavernosus m.

Compressor urethrae m.

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111
Q

Attachments to ischial tuberosity?

A

Sacrotuberous lig.

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112
Q

This lines the thorax between the intercostal muscles and the pleura; equivalent to the transversalis fascia of the abdomen?

A

Endothoracic fascia

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113
Q

Parts of the superficial abdominal fascia?

A

Superficial fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)

Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)

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114
Q

This is continuous with the superficial fascia of the scrotum?

A

Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)

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115
Q

This is between the transversus abdominis muscle and the extraperitoneal fat; continuous with the pelvic fascia (epimysium of the iliacus muscle)?

A

Transversalis fascia

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116
Q

This separates the perirenal and pararenal layers of fat surrounding the kidney?

A

Renal fascia

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117
Q

This is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall and the superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s fascia)?

A

Superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum

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118
Q

This surrounds the corpus spongiosum and the corpora cavernous?

A

Deep penile fascia (Buck’s fascia)

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119
Q

This is continuous with the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle?

A

External spermatic fascia

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120
Q

This is continuous with the internal oblique muscle?

A

Cremasteric fascia

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121
Q

This is continuous with the transversalis fascia?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

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122
Q

This is continuous with the superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum; defines the superficial boundary of the superficial perineal space (pouch)?

A

Superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s)

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123
Q

This defines the deep boundary of the superficial perineal space (pouch) and the inferior (superficial) boundary of the deep perineal space (pouch)?

A

Inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm (perineal membrane)

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124
Q

This defines the superior (deep) boundary of the deep perineal space (pouch)?

A

Superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

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125
Q

This covers the pelvic surface of the obturator internus muscle?

A

Obturator fascia

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126
Q

Subdivision of the obturator fascia?

A

Tendinous arch of the levator ani

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127
Q

This is the attachment for the levator ani muscle?

A

Tendinous arch of the levator ani

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128
Q

Divisions of the fascia of the pelvic diaphragm?

A 
Inferior fascia (anal fascia)
Superior fascia
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129
Q

This covers the inferior surface of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles?

A

Inferior fascia (anal fascia)

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130
Q

This covers the superior surface of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles?

A

Superior fascia

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131
Q

Joints of the thoracic cage?

A

Costovertebral (costocorporeal)
Costotransverse
Sternocostal

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132
Q

Classification of costovertebral (costocorporeal) joint?

A

Synovial plane

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133
Q

Classification of costotransverse joint?

A

Synovial plane

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134
Q

Classification of sternocostal joint?

A

Synovial plane

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135
Q

Joints of the pelvis?

A

Lumbosacral
Sacroiliac
Pubic symphysis

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136
Q

Classification of lumbosacral joint?

A

symphysis

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137
Q

Classification of sacroiliac joint?

A

synovial plane

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138
Q

Classification of pubic symphysis?

A

symphysis

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139
Q

Ligaments of the pelvis?

A

Inguinal
Sacroiliac
Sacrospinous
Sacrotuberous

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140
Q

Attachments of inguinal ligament?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

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141
Q

Parts of inguinal ligament?

A

Lacunar

Pectineal

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142
Q

Attachments of lacunar part of inguinal ligament?

A

Medial end of inguinal ligament to medial end of pecten pubis

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143
Q

Attachments of pectineal part of inguinal ligament?

A

To pecten pubis

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144
Q

Parts of sacroiliac ligament?

A

Ventral
Dorsal
Interosseous

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145
Q

Attachments of dorsal part of sacroiliac ligament?

A

Lateral sacral crest to posterior superior iliac spine

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146
Q

Attachments of interosseous part of sacroiliac ligament?

A

Between articular surfaces

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147
Q

Attachments of sacrospinous ligament?

A

Ischial spine to lateral margin of sacrum

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148
Q

Attachments of sacrotuberous ligament?

A

Posterior iliac spine and lateral margin of sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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149
Q

What are the lymphatic trunks?

A

Thoracic duct

Right lymphatic trunk

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150
Q

What does the thoracic duct drain?

A 
R.+L. lower extremities
Pelvis
Abdomen
Left thorax
Left upper extremity
Left head
Left neck
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151
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

Right thorax
Right upper extremity
Right head
Right Neck

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152
Q

Lymph nodes of the breast?

A 
Parasternal
Inguinal
Infraclavicular
Axillary
Apical axillary
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153
Q

Function of parasternal lymph nodes?

A

Drain medial breast bilaterally

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154
Q

Function of inguinal lymph nodes?

A

Drain inferior breast

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155
Q

Function of infraclavicular lymph nodes?

A

Drain superior breast

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156
Q

Function of axillary lymph nodes?

A

Predominant drainage of the breast

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157
Q

Function of the apical axillary lymph nodes?

A

Drain superior breast and other axillary nodes

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158
Q

Two divisions of the thoracic lymph nodes?

A

Parietal

Visceral

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159
Q

What are the parietal lymph nodes?

A

Parasternal
Intercostal
Diaphragmatic
Posterior mediastinal

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160
Q

Function of the parasternal lymph nodes?

A

Drain medial aspect of breast
Upper abdominal wall
Anterior pleura
Part of liver

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161
Q

Function of intercostal lymph nodes?

A

Drain lateral and posterior thoracic wall

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162
Q

Function of the diaphragmatic lymph nodes?

A

Drain liver, pleura, diaphragm

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163
Q

Function of the posterior mediastinal lymph nodes?

A

Drain pleura and esophagus

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164
Q

What are the visceral lymph nodes?

A

Pulmonary
Bronchopulmonary
Tracheobronchial (inf. & sup.)
Paratracheal

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165
Q

Function of the pulmonary lymph nodes?

A

Drain lung

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166
Q

Function of the bronchopulmonary lymph nodes?

A

Drain pulmonary nodes & bronchi

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167
Q

Function of the tracheobronchial (inf. & sup.) lymph nodes?

A

Drain bronchopulmonary & posterior mediastinal nodes, trachea and heart

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168
Q

Function of paratracheal lymph nodes?

A

Drain tracheobronchial nodes

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169
Q

Lymph nodes of the abdomen and pelvis?

A

Prearotic
Lateral aortic (para-aortic)
Retroaortic

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170
Q

Function of preaortic lymph nodes?

A

Drain abdominal viscera supplied by the celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric a.

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171
Q

Function of the lateral aortic lymph nodes?

A

Drain the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureter, posterior abdominal wall, testes, ovaries, uterine tubes, superior uterus & iliac nodes

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172
Q

Nodes that make up the lateral aortic nodes?

A

Common iliac
External iliac
Internal iliac

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173
Q

Function of common iliac lymph nodes?

A

Drain internal and external iliac nodes

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174
Q

Function of the external iliac lymph nodes?

A

Drain inguinal nodes, abdominal wall, perineum and lower pelvic viscera

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175
Q

Function of the internal iliac lymph nodes?

A

Drain pelvic viscera, perineum, gluteal region(skin drains to inguinal nodes)

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176
Q

Function of the retroaortic lymph nodes?

A

Drain the posterior abdominal wall

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177
Q

Attachments of intercostal (external) muscles?

A

From rib to rib oriented from superior-lateral to inferior-medial

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178
Q

Actions of intercostal (external) muscles?

A

Elevation of ribs

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179
Q

Innervation of intercostal (external) muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves

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180
Q

Blood supply of intercostal (external) muscles?

A

Anterior & posterior intercostals a.

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181
Q

Attachments of intercostal (internal & innermost) muscles?

A

From rib to rib oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral

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182
Q

Actions of intercostal (internal & innermost) muscles?

A

Depression of ribs

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183
Q

Innervation of intercostal (internal & innermost) muscles?

A

Intercostal nerves

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184
Q

Blood supply of intercostal (internal & innermost) muscles?

A

Anterior & posterior intercostals a.

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185
Q

Attachments of transversus thoracis?

A

From posterior sternum to costal cartilages

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186
Q

Actions of transversus thoracis?

A

Depress ribs

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187
Q

Innervation of transversus thoracis?

A

Intercostal nerves

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188
Q

Blood supply of transversus thoracis?

A

Internal thoracic & anterior intercostal a.

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189
Q

Attachments of the cremaster muscle?

A

From the medial edge of the internal oblique to spermatic cord

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190
Q

Actions of the cremaster muscle?

A

Elevation of the testis

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191
Q

Innervation of the cremaster muscle?

A

Genitofemoral n.

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192
Q

Blood supply of the cremaster muscle?

A

Cremasteric a.

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193
Q

Attachments of the diaphragm?

A

From xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs and costal cartilages, medial & lateral arcuate ligaments & lumbar vertebrae via the crura of the central tendon

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194
Q

Actions of the diaphragm?

A

Inspiration

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195
Q

Innervation of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic n.

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196
Q

Blood supply of the diaphragm?

A

Musculophrenic, inferior phrenic, subcostal & lower posterior intercostal a.

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197
Q

Attachments of the external oblique?

A

From lower 8 ribs to iliac crest & rectus sheath

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198
Q

Actions of the external oblique?

A

Flexion and rotation of the trunk & compression of the abdominal cavity

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199
Q

Innervation of the external oblique?

A

Ventral rami T7-12

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200
Q

Blood supply of the external oblique?

A

Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.

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201
Q

Attachments of the internal oblique?

A

From thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest & rectus sheath

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202
Q

Actions of the internal oblique?

A

Flexion and rotation of the trunk & compression of the abdominal cavity

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203
Q

Innervation of the internal oblique?

A

Lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami

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204
Q

Blood supply of the internal oblique?

A

Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.

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205
Q

Attachments of the quadratus lumborum?

A

From 12th rib to iliolumbar ligament & iliac crest

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206
Q

Actions of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Extension & lateral flexion of the trunk and fixes 12th rib during respiration

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207
Q

Innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Ventral rami T12-L3

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208
Q

Blood supply of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Subcostal, lumbar, iliolumbar a.

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209
Q

Attachments of the rectus abdominis?

A

Xiphoid process & adjacent costal cartilages to pubic crest and tubercle

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210
Q

Actions of the rectus abdominis?

A

Flexion of trunk & compression of abdominal cavity

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211
Q

Innervation of the rectus abdominis?

A

Lower thoracic ventral rami

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212
Q

Blood supply of the rectus abdominis?

A

Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric a.

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213
Q

Attachments of the transversus abdominis?

A

From lower six costal cartilages & thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal lig., iliac crest & rectus sheath

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214
Q

Actions of the transversus abdominis?

A

Compression of the abdominal cavity

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215
Q

Innervation of the transversus abdominis?

A

Lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami

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216
Q

Blood supply of the transversus abdominis?

A

Superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.

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217
Q

Muscles making up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Coccygeus

Levator ani

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218
Q

Attachments of the coccygeus?

A

From ischial spine & sacrospinous lig. to coccyx

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219
Q

Actions of the coccygeus?

A

Supports & compresses posterior pelvic floor

220
Q

Inneveration of the coccygeus?

A

Ventral rami S4-5

221
Q

Blood supply of the coccygeus?

A

Inferior gluteal, internal pudendal & inferior rectal a.

222
Q

Attachments of the levator ani?

A

Pubic symphysis, obturator fascia & ischial spine to midline raphe & anococcygeal lig.

223
Q

Actions of levator ani?

A

Supports pelvic viscera & compresses rectum & vagina

224
Q

Innervation of levator ani?

A

Pudendal nerve (inferior rectal branches) & S4

225
Q

Blood supply of levator ani?

A

Inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, inferior rectal, inferior vesical a.

226
Q

Attachments of bulbospongiosus?

A

Male: median raphe & perineal body (central tendon) to surround bulb of penis
Female: from the perineal body to surround vestibular bulb, vaginal orifice & clitoris

227
Q

Actions of bulbospongiosus?

A

Male: empties urethra, maintains erection & contracts during ejaculation
Female: constricts vaginal orifice & contributes to erection of clitoris

228
Q

Innervation of bulbospongiosus?

A

Perineal branch of pudendal nerve

229
Q

Blood supply of bulbospongiosus?

A

Internal pudendal a.

230
Q

Attachments of ischiocavernosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity & rams of aponeurosis surrounding crus of penis or clitoris

231
Q

Actions of ischiocavernosus?

A

Compresses crus during erection

232
Q

Innervation of ischiocavernosus?

A

Perineal branch of pudendal n.

233
Q

Blood supply of ischiocavernosus?

A

Internal pudendal a.

234
Q

Attachments of sphincter ani externus?

A

Perineal body (central tendon) to anococcygeal raphe

235
Q

Action of sphincter ani externus?

A

Closes anal canal & fixes perineal body

236
Q

Innervation of of sphincter ani externus?

A

Inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve

237
Q

Blood supply of sphincter ani externus?

A

Internal pudendal a.

238
Q

Attachments of sphincter urethrae?

A

Surround urethra

239
Q

Actions of sphincter urethrae?

A

Compresses urethra

240
Q

Innervation of sphincter urethrae?

A

Perineal branch of pudendal n.

241
Q

Blood supply of sphincter urethrae?

A

Internal pudendal a.

242
Q

Attachments of compressor urethrae?

A

Female: ischiopubic ramus to midline passing ventral to urethra and inferior to the sphincter urethrae with a variable number of fibers fanning out medially to reach the vagina (replaces the deep transverse perineus)

243
Q

Actions of compressor urethrae?

A

Compresses urethra

244
Q

Innervation of compressor urethrae?

A

Perineal branch of the pudendal n.

245
Q

Blood supply of compressor urethrae?

A

Internal pudendal a.

246
Q

Attachments of sphincter urethrovaginalis?

A

Perineal body, surround vagina & urethra to meet contralateral muscle inferior to compressor urethrea

247
Q

Actions of sphincter urethrovaginalis?

A

Compresses urethra & vagina

248
Q

Innervation of sphincter urethrovaginalis?

A

Perineal branch of the pudendal n.

249
Q

Blood supply of sphincter urethrovaginalis?

A

Internal pudendal a.

250
Q

Attachments of deep transverse perineus?

A

Ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon)

251
Q

Actions of deep transverse perineus?

A

Fixes perineal body

252
Q

Innervation of deep transverse perineus?

A

Perineal branch of pudendal n.

253
Q

Blood supply of deep transverse perineus?

A

Internal pudendal a.

254
Q

Attachments of superficial transverse perineus?

A

Ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon)

255
Q

Actions of superficial transverse perineus?

A

Fixes perineal body

256
Q

Innervation of superficial transverse perineus?

A

Perineal branch of the pudendal n.

257
Q

Blood supply of superficial transverse perineus?

A

Internal pudendal a.

258
Q

Nerve of the cervical plexus extending into the trunk?

A

Phrenic nerve (C3-5)

259
Q

Function of the phrenic nerve?

A

Sensory, post symp, of pericardium, central tendon (adjacent pleura & peritoneum), motor (lmn) & post symp to diaphragm

260
Q

Branches of the thoracic spinal nerves dorsal rami?

A

Medial branch

Lateral branch

261
Q

Function of the medial branch of the dorsal rami of the thoracic nerves?

A

Sensory, post symp to back muscles + skin, motor (lmn) of back muscles

262
Q

Function of the lateral branch of the dorsal rami of the thoracic nerves?

A

Sensory, post symp to back muscles + skin, motor (lmn) of back muscles

263
Q

Branches of the thoracic spinal nerves ventral rami?

A

Intercostal n. (T1-6)
Intercostal n. (T7-11)
Subcostal n.

264
Q

Function of intercostal n. (T1-6)?

A

Sensory, post symp to intercostal muscles, parietal pleura & skin, motor (lmn) of intercostal muscles

265
Q

Branches of intercostal n. (T1-6)?

A

Lateral cutaneous branch
Anterior cutaneous branch
Collateral branch
Intercostobrachial n. (T2 only)

266
Q

Function of lateral cutaneous branch (T1-6)?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space

267
Q

Function of anterior cutaneous branch (T1-6)?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying anterior aspect of intercostal space

268
Q

Function of collateral branch (T1-6)?

A

Redundant with remainder of nerve

269
Q

Function of intercostobrachial nerve?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying proximal, medial aspect of arm

270
Q

Function of intercostal n. (T7-11)?

A

Sensory, post symp to intercostal muscles, anterior abdominal muscles, peripheral diaphragm, parietal pleura & parietal peritoneum, motor (lmn) of intercostal muscles and muscles of anterior abdominal wall

271
Q

Branches of intercostal n. (T7-11)?

A

Lateral cutaneous branch
Anterior cutaneous branch
Collateral branch

272
Q

Function of lateral cutaneous branch (T7-11)?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space & adjacent anterior abdominal wall

273
Q

Function of anterior cutaneous branch (T7-11)?

A

Sensory, post sump of skin overlying rectus abdominis

274
Q

Function of collateral branch (T7-11)?

A

Redundant with remainder of nerve

275
Q

Function of subcostal nerve?

A

Sensory, post symp to skin overlying lateral and anterior abdominal wall, parietal peritoneum & muscles of anterior abdominal wall, motor (lmn) of muscles of anterior abdominal wall

276
Q

Branches of dorsal rami of lumbar nerves?

A

Medial branch

Lateral branch

277
Q

Function of medial branch of lumbar dorsal rami?

A

Sensory, post symp to back muscles & overlying skin, motor (lmn) of back muscles

278
Q

Function of lateral branch of lumbar dorsal rami?

A

Sensory, post symp to back muscles & overlying skin, motor (lmn) of back muscles

279
Q

Branches of ventral rami of lumbar nerves?

A 
Iliohypogastric (L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1-2)
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
Muscular branches
280
Q

Function of iliohypogastric nerve?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying lower anterior abdominal wall; sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

281
Q

Function of ilioinguinal nerve?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying proximomedial thigh, root of the penis & scrotum or mons pubis & labium majorum; sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

282
Q

Branches of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Genital branch

Femoral branch

283
Q

Function of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying part of the labium majorum or scrotum; sensory, post sump, motor (lmn) of the cremaster muscle

284
Q

Function of the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

Sensory, post sump of skin overlying the femoral triangle

285
Q

Function of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

A

Sensory, post sump of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the thigh

286
Q

Function of the muscular branches of the lumbar nerves?

A

Sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of the psoas and quadrates lumborum

287
Q

Branches of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves?

A

Posterior femoral cutaneous n.

Pudendal n. (S2-4)

288
Q

Branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

Gluteal branches

Perineal branches

289
Q

Function of the gluteal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying part of the gluteus maximus

290
Q

Function of the perineal branches of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve?

A

Sensory, post sump of skin overlying part of the posterior aspect of the perineum

291
Q

Branches of the pudendal nerve?

A

Inferior rectal n.
Perineal n.
Dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis

292
Q

Function of the inferior rectal nerve?

A

Sensory, post sump of skin overlying the anus, sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of the external anal sphincter

293
Q

Branches of the perineal nerve?

A

Muscular branches

Posterior labial or scrotal branches

294
Q

Function of the muscular branches of the perineal nerve?

A

Sensory, post symp, pre para of the corpus spongiosum or bulb of the vestibule, sensory, post symp, motor (lmn) of the perineal muscles

295
Q

Function of the posterior labial or scrotal branches?

A

Sensory, post sump of skin overlying the labia major & minor, lower vagina, urethra or scrotum

296
Q

Function of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris or penis?

A

Sensory, post symp of skin overlying the penis or clitoris, sensory, post symp, pre para to the corpus cavernosum

297
Q

Types of rami communicans?

A

White (T1-L2)

Gray (C1-S5)

298
Q

Function of white rami communicans?

A

Carry pre symp axons to sympathetic chain (paravertebral ganglia), paravertebral ganglia and sensory axons from the viscera through the spinal cord

299
Q

Function of gray rami communicans?

A

Carry post symp axons from the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerves for distribution through the dorsal and ventral rami

300
Q

Name the medial sympathetic nerves?

A 
Cardiopulmonary splanchnic n.
Upper thoracic splanchnic n. (T1-5)
Lower thoracic splanchnic n. (T5-12)
Lumbar splanchnic n. (L1-5)
Sacral splanchnic n. (S1-5)
301
Q

Function of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves?

A

Carry sensory and post symp axons passing from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses

302
Q

Function of the upper thoracic splanchnic nerves?

A

Carry sensory and post symp axons passing from the upper thoracic sympathetic chain to the aortic plexus

303
Q

Divisions of the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves?

A

Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9)
Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11)
Least splanchnic nerve (T12)

304
Q

Function of the greater splanchnic nerve?

A

Carry pre symp axons to celiac ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the celiac artery

305
Q

Function of the lesser splanchnic nerve?

A

Carry pre symp axons to the superior mesenteric ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

306
Q

Function of the least splanchnic nerve?

A

Carry pre symp axons to the aorticorenal ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries

307
Q

Function of the lumbar splanchnic nerves?

A

Carry pre symp axons to the inferior mesenteric ganglion and scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus, and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries

308
Q

Function of the sacral splanchnic nerves?

A

Carries pre symp axons to scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the interior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries

309
Q

Name the prevertebral ganglia?

A

Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Aorticorenal
Inferior mesenteric

310
Q

Function of the celiac ganglia?

A

Houses post symp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the celiac artery

311
Q

Function of superior mesenteric ganglia?

A

Houses post symp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery

312
Q

Function of aorticorenal ganglia?

A

Houses post symp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries

313
Q

Function of the inferior mesenteric ganglia?

A

Houses post symp neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric arteries

314
Q

Names the autonomic plexuses?

A 
Cardiac 
Pulmonary
Celiac
Superior mesentaric
Aorticorenal
Inferior mesentaric
Hypogastric
315
Q

Function of cardiac plexus?

A

Carries sensory, post symp (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and pre para (vagal) axons innervating the heart and coronary arteries

316
Q

Function of pulmonary plexus?

A

Carries sensory, post symp (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and pre para (vagal) axons to the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, trachea, and bronchi

317
Q

Function of the celiac plexus?

A

Carries sensory, pre symp (greater splanchnic nerves), post symp (celiac ganglion) and pre para (vagal) axons to the viscera supplied by the celiac artery

318
Q

Function of superior mesenteric plexus?

A

Carries sensory, pre symp (lesser splanchnic nerves), post symp (from superior mesentaric ganglion), and pre para axons (vagus) to the viscera supple by the superior mesenteric artery

319
Q

Function of aorticorenal plexus?

A

Carries sensory, pre symp (least splanchnic nerves), post symp (aorticorenal ganglion), pre para axons (vagus) to the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries

320
Q

Function of inferior mesenteric plexus?

A

Carries sensory, pre symp (lumbar splanchnic nerves), post symp (from inferior mesenteric ganglion), and pre para axons (pelvic splanchnic) to the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery

321
Q

Function of the hypogastric plexus?

A

Carries sensory, pre symp (lumbar splanchnic nerves), post symp (from scattered ganglia), pre para axons (pelvic splanchnic nerves to the viscera supplied by the internal iliac artery

322
Q

What at the parasympathetic nerves?

A

Vagus
Pelvic splanchnic (S2-4)
Pudendal nerve

323
Q

Function of the vagus nerve?

A

Carries pre para axons innervating thoracic and abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera

324
Q

Branches of the vagus nerve?

A

Left recurrent laryngeal n.

Vagal trunks

325
Q

Function of the vagal trunks?

A

Carries pre para axons innervating abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera

326
Q

Function of the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

A

Carry sensory and pre para axons innervating the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, uterus and erectile tissues

327
Q

Function of the pudendal nerves?

A

Carries pre para axons to the corpus spongiosum (bulb of the vestibule) and corpora cavernosa

328
Q

Branches draining into the superior vena cava?

A

Brachiocephalic v.

Azygos v.

329
Q

Branched draining into brachiocephalic v.

A 
Subclavian v.
Internal jugular v.
Vertebral v.
1st intercostal v.
Internal thoracic v.
Inferior thyroid v.
Left superior intercostal v. 
Pericardiacophrenic v.
330
Q

Branches draining into the vertebral vein?

A

External vertebral venous plexus

331
Q

Branches draining into external vertebral venous plexus?

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus (radicular v.)

332
Q

Branches draining into the azygos vein?

A 
Posterior intercostal v.
Right superior intercostal v.
Esophageal v.
Hemiazygos v.
Accessory hemiazygos v.
Right ascending lumbar
Right subcostal
Right lumbar azygos v.
333
Q

Branches draining into the hemiazygos vein?

A

Left ascending lumbar v.
Left subcostal v.
Left lumbar azygos v.
Left posterior intercostals v.

334
Q

Branches draining into the left ascending lumbar vein?

A

Left lumbar v.

335
Q

Branches draining into the right ascending lumbar vein?

A

Right lumbar v.

336
Q

Main cardiac veins?

A

Coronary sinus

Anterior cardiac veins

337
Q

Branches draining into the coronary sinus?

A

Great cardiac v.
Posterior vein of the left ventricle
Middle cardiac v.
Small cardiac v.

338
Q

Names the pulmonary veins?

A

Inferior left
Superior left
Inferior right
Superior right

339
Q

Branches draining into the inferior vena cava?

A 
Common iliac v.
Renal v.
Right inferior phrenic v.
Right suprarenal v.
Right testicular (ovarian) v.
Hepatic v.
Lumbar v,
340
Q

Branches draining into the common iliac vein?

A

External iliac v.

Internal iliac v.

341
Q

Branches draining into the external iliac vein?

A

Inferior epigastric v.
Deep circumflex iliac v.
Femoral v.

342
Q

Branches draining into the internal iliac vein?

A 
Superior gluteal v.
Inferior gluteal v.
Obturator v.
Lateral sacral v.
Internal pudendal v.
Middle rectal v. 
Uterine v.
Vesical v.
343
Q

Branches draining into the internal pudendal vein?

A

Inferior rectal v.

344
Q

Branches draining into the inferior rectal vein?

A

Rectal venous plexus

345
Q

Branches draining into the middle rectal vein?

A

Rectal venous plexus

346
Q

Branches draining into the uterine vein?

A

Uterine venous plexus (female)

347
Q

Branches draining into the vesical vein?

A

Prostatic venous plexus (male)

Vesical plexus

348
Q

Branches draining into the prostatic venous plexus?

A

Deep dorsal vein of the penis (male)

349
Q

Branches draining into the vesical plexus?

A

Deep dorsal vein of the clitoris (female)

350
Q

Branches draining into the renal vein?

A

Segmental v.
Left gonadal v.
Suprarenal (inferior phrenic) v.

351
Q

Branches draining into the right testicular (ovarian) vein?

A

Pampiniform plexus (male)

352
Q

Branches draining into the hepatic veins?

A

Central v.

Hepatic portal v.

353
Q

Branches draining into the hepatic portal vein?

A 
Superior mesenteric v.
Splenic v.
Left gastric v.
Right gastric v.
Superior pancreaticododenal v.
Para-umbilical v.
Cystic v.
354
Q

Branches draining into the superior mesenteric vein?

A 
Right gastroepiploic v.
Inferior pancreaticodudodenal v.
Jejunal v.
Ileal v.
Ileocolic v.
Right colic v.
Middle colic v.
355
Q

Branches draining into the splenic vein?

A

Short gastric v.
Left gastroepiploic v.
Pancreatic v.
Inferior mesenteric v.

356
Q

Branches draining into the inferior mesenteric vein?

A

Left colic v.
Sigmoid v.
Superior rectal v.

357
Q

What is the name of the ridge separating the opening of the two primary bronchi?

A

Carina of the trachea

358
Q

Divisons of the bronchi?

A

Right main
Left main
Lobar
Segmental

359
Q

Most superior aspect of the lung?

A

Apex

360
Q

Lobes of the right lung?

A

Upper
Middle
Lower

361
Q

Fissures of the right lung?

A

Oblique

Horizontal

362
Q

The oblique fissure of the right lung seperates the _________ and __________ lobes.

A

Lower and Middle

363
Q

The horizontal fissure of the right lung seperates the _________ and __________ lobes.

A

Middle and Upper

364
Q

Lobes of the left lung?

A

Upper

Lower

365
Q

Fissures of the left lung?

A

Oblique

366
Q

Name of the structure on the left lung analogous to the middle lobe of the right lung?

A

Lingula

367
Q

Layers of the pleura?

A

Visceral

Parietal

368
Q

Regions of the parietal pleura?

A

Cervical
Costovertebral
Diaphragmatic
Mediastinal

369
Q

Reflections of the parietal pleura?

A

Costodiaphragmatic
Costomediastinal
Costovertebral

370
Q

Recesses of the pleura?

A

Costodiaphragmatic

Costomediastinal

371
Q

The parietal pleura surrounding the root of the lung extends downwards from the hilum in a fold called the ___________.

A

Pulmonary ligament

372
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle

373
Q

The ___________ represents the junction between the sinus venosus and the heart in the developing embryo.

A

Crista terminalis

374
Q

The ___________ is a depression in the right atrium of the heart, the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development.

A

Fossa ovalis

375
Q

Orificies in the right atrium?

A

Atrioventricular
Coronary sinus
Inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava

376
Q

The __________ are parallel ridges in the walls of the atria of the heart.

A

Pectinate muscles

377
Q

What is the oval opening between the two upper chambers of the heart (the atria) that is a normal feature of fetal and newborn circulation and is found in the left atrium?

A

Foramen ovale

378
Q

Orificies in the left atrium?

A

Atrioventricular

Pulmonary v.

379
Q

Characteristics of the A-V valves?

A

Cusps
Chordae tendinae
Papillary muscles

380
Q

The __________ are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.

A

Chordae tendinae

381
Q

The _________ are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart and attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves.

A

Papillary muscles

382
Q

The ____________ is a conical pouch formed from the upper and left angle of the right ventricle in the chordate heart, from which the pulmonary trunk arises.

A

Conus arteriosus

383
Q

Orificies in the right ventricle?

A

Atrioventricular

Pulmonary trunk

384
Q

The __________ is the semilunar valve of the heart that lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and has three cusps.

A

Pulmonary valve

385
Q

The _____________, are rounded or irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the right and left ventricles of the heart.

A

trabeculae carnae

386
Q

The _____________ is a muscular band of heart tissue found in the right ventricle.

A

Septomarginal trabecula

387
Q

___________ is a semilunar valve between the aorta and the left ventricle of the heart that prevents the blood from flowing back into the left ventricle.

A

Aortic valve

388
Q

Orificies of the left ventricle?

A

Aortic

Atrioventricular

389
Q

________ is the stout wall that separates the lower chambers (the ventricles) of the heart from one another.

A

Interventricular septum

390
Q

Most inferior aspect of the heart?

A

Apex of the heart

391
Q

_________ a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior portion of each atrium of the heart, increasing slightly the atrial volume.

A

Auricles

392
Q

_________ is a groove on the outer surface of the heart marking the division between the atria and the ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

393
Q

__________ is one of the two sulci (anterior and posterior) that separate the two ventricles of the heart.

A

Interventricular sulcus

394
Q

Layers of pericardium?

A

Fibrous

Serous

395
Q

Pericardial sinuses?

A

Transverse

Oblique

396
Q

_________ is a passage within the pericardial sac, between the aorta and pulmonary trunk cranioventrally, and the left atrium and cranial vena cava dorsally.

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

397
Q

____________ is the recess in the pericardial cavity posterior to the base of the heart bounded laterally by the pericardial reflections on the pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava, and posteriorly by the pericardium overlying the anterior aspect of the esophagus.

A

Oblique pericardial sinus

398
Q

Structures in the mediastinum?

A

Esophagus
Thoracic duct
Thymus

399
Q

Divisions of the mediastinum?

A

Superior
Anterior
Middle
Posterior

400
Q

_____________ is the folds of peritoneum connecting the posterior surface of the liver and the diaphragm

A

Coronary ligament

401
Q

Details of the falciform ligament?

A

Surrounds ligamentum teres & paraumbilical v.

402
Q

Details of the gastrophrenic ligament?

A

From abdominal esophagus to diaphragm

403
Q

Details of the gastroplenic ligament?

A

Surrounds short gastric vessels

404
Q

Ligament connecting the liver the diaphragm?

A

Hepatic triangular ligament

405
Q

Divisions of the lesser omentum?

A

Hepatoduodenal
Hepatogastric
Epiploic foramen

406
Q

Details of hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Surrounds hepatic a., bile duct & portal v.

407
Q

Details of hepatogastric ligament?

A

Surrounds left gastric vessels

408
Q

Details of the epiploic foramen ligament?

A

Communication between greater and lesser sacs

409
Q

Details of the hepatorenal ligament?

A

Reflection of the coronary ligament onto the right kidney

410
Q

Details of the lienorenal ligament?

A

Surrounds splenic vessels

411
Q

Details of the phrenicocolic ligament?

A

From splenic flexure of colon to diaphragm

412
Q

Details of the tres ligament?

A

Fetal umbilical vein

413
Q

Folds of the peritoneum?

A

Median umbilical
Medial umbilical
Lateral umbilical

414
Q

Details of the median umbilical fold?

A

Surrounds urachus

415
Q

Details of the medial umbilical fold?

A

Surrounds umbilical arteries

416
Q

Details of the lateral umbilical fold?

A

Surround inferior epigastric vessels

417
Q

Pouches of the peritoneum?

A

Retrouterine

Retrovesical

418
Q

Mesenteries of the peritoneum?

A

Mesentery proper
Sigmoid mesocolon
Transverse mesocolon

419
Q

Details of the mesentery proper?

A

Surrounds branches of the superior mesenteric vessels

420
Q

Details of the sigmoid mesocolon?

A

Surrounds branches of the inferior mesenteric vessels

421
Q

Details of the transverse mesocolon?

A

Surrounds branches of the middle colic vessels

422
Q

The ___________ is a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach.

A

Greater omentum

423
Q

__________ is the portion of the stomach that lies above the cardiac notch.

A

Fundus

424
Q

__________ is the part of the stomach that lies between the fundus and the pyloric antrum.

A

Body

425
Q

__________ is the boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum.

A

Greater curvature

426
Q

__________ is the boundary of the stomach that in humans forms a relatively short concave curve on the right from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum.

A

Lesser curvature

427
Q

___________ is the opening from the esophagus into the stomach.

A

Cardiac orifice

428
Q

__________ is the opening between the stomach and duodenum.

A

Pyloric orifice

429
Q

_________ is the sphincter muscle that separates the stomach from the duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

430
Q

Small intestine sections?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

431
Q

Divisions of the duodenum?

A

Free
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending

432
Q

__________ is the point of opening of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum; it is located posteriorly in the descending part of the duodenum.

A

Major duodenal papillae

433
Q

____________ is a slight elevation marking the opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum

A

Minor duodenal papillae

434
Q

___________ is an abrupt bend in the small intestine at the junction of the duodenum and jejunum.

A

Duodenojejunal flexure

435
Q

__________ are the three bands in which the longitudinal muscular fibers of the large intestine, except the rectum, are collected.

A

Tenia coli

436
Q

The ____________ of the colon are the small pouches caused by sacculation, which give the colon its segmented appearance.

A

Haustra

437
Q

The ___________ are small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon. NOT in the rectum.

A

Appendices epiploicae

438
Q

___________ is the point along the course of the gastrointestinal tract where the small intestine (ileum) ends as it opens into the cecal portion of the large intestine.

A

Ileocecal junction

439
Q

____________ is a narrow vestigial process projecting from the cecum in the lower right-hand part of the abdomen.

A

Veriform appendix

440
Q

Parts of the large intestine?

A 
Cecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anus
441
Q

__________ is the bend of the colon at the juncture of its ascending and transverse portions.

A

Right colic flexure

442
Q

__________ is the bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon.

A

Left colic flexure

443
Q

__________ is the dilated portion of the rectum just proximal to the anal canal.

A

Ampulla

444
Q

Features of the anus?

A

Columns
Valves
Sinuses

445
Q

Parts of the pancreas?

A 
Head 
Neck
Body
Tail
Uncinate process
446
Q

__________ is a portion of the head of the pancreas that hooks around posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels.

A

Uncinate process

447
Q

________ is a duct leading from the pancreas and opening into the duodenum.

A

Pancreatic duct

448
Q

Lobes of the liver?

A

Right
Left
Caudate
Quadrate

449
Q

__________ is a groove on the posterior surface of the liver between the caudate lobe and the right lobe that gives passage to the inferior vena cava.

A

Caval groove

450
Q

___________ is a deep cleft extending from the porta hepatis to the inferior vena cava between the left lobe and the caudate lobe.

A

Fissure for ligamentum venosum

451
Q

_________ is a cleft on the inferior surface of the liver, running from the inferior border to the left extremity of the porta hepatis.

A

Fissure for ligamentum teres

452
Q

The __________ is a short but deep fissure, about 5 cm long, extending transversely across the under surface of the left portion of the right lobe of the liver, nearer its posterior surface than its anterior border.

A

Porta hepatis

453
Q

A _________ is a distinctive arrangement in the liver. It is a component of the hepatic lobule. It consists of the following five structures: proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct, lymphatic vessels, branch of the vagus nerve

A

Portal triads

454
Q

Divisons of the gall bladder?

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

455
Q

Ducts of the gallbladder?

A

Common
Cystic
Hepatic

456
Q

Surface features of the kidney?

A 
Superior pole
Inferior pole
Hilum
Capsule
Sinus
457
Q

______________ is a fissure that transmits the vessels, nerves, and ureter. From anterior to posterior, the renal vein exits, the renal artery enters, and the renal pelvis exits the kidney.

A

Renal hilum

458
Q

The __________ is a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a thick layer of perinephric adipose tissue.

A

Renal capsule

459
Q

_______ is the main cavity of the kidney that is an expansion behind the hilum and contains the renal pelvis, calyxes, and the major renal vessels.

A

Renal sinus

460
Q

Internal features of the kidney?

A

Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis

461
Q

The __________ is the outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla.

A

Renal cortex

462
Q

The _________ is a medullary extension of the renal cortex in between the renal pyramids.

A

Renal column

463
Q

The __________ is the innermost part of the kidney.

A

Medulla

464
Q

The ________ is any one of several conical masses of tissue that form the kidney medulla.

A

Pyramids

465
Q

The __________ is the location where the medullary pyramids empty urine into the minor calyx in the kidney.

A

Papillae

466
Q

The __________ is the funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney.

A

Renal pelvis

467
Q

Two or three minor calyces converge to form a ________.

A

Major calyx

468
Q

The _________ surround the apex of the renal pyramids.

A

Minor calyces

469
Q

Retroperitoneal features of the kidney?

A

Perirenal fat
Pararenal fat
Renal fascia

470
Q

Surfaces features of the urinary bladder?

A

Apex
Fundus
Neck
Urachus

471
Q

The ____________ is a fibrous remnant of the allantois, a canal that drains the urinary bladder of the fetus that joins and runs within the umbilical cord.

A

Urachus

472
Q

Internal features of the urinary bladder?

A

Ureathral orifice
Ureteric orifice
Trigone

473
Q

The _________ is the opening from the urinary bladder into the urethra at one corner of the trigone of the bladder.

A

Ureathral orifice

474
Q

__________ are paired orifices in the neck of the bladder.

A

Ureteric orifice

475
Q

_________ is a triangular region or tissue, particularly the area at the base of the urinary bladder, between the openings of the ureters and urethra.

A

Trigone

476
Q

Segments of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic segment
Membranous segment
Spongy segement

477
Q

Features of the prostatic segment of the male urethra?

A

Prostatic sinus

Colliculus semilunaris

478
Q

Features of the membranous segment of the male urethra?

A

Bulbourethral glands

479
Q

Most proximally, the ___________ is responsible for involuntary continence, transmission of semen into the common genitourinary tract.

A

Prostatic segment

480
Q

The ____________ is critical to voluntary continence.

A

Membranous segment

481
Q

The __________ is surrounded by the corpus spongiosum and forms the terminal conduit communicating with the outside of the body.

A

Spongy segment

482
Q

On either side of the urethral crest is a slightly depressed fossa, the ____________, the floor of which is perforated by numerous apertures, the orifices of the prostatic ducts from the lateral lobes of the prostate.

A

Prostatic sinus

483
Q

The _________, of the prostatic urethra is a landmark near the entrance of the seminal vesicles.

A

Colliculus semilunaris

484
Q

_____________ is a pea-sized gland in the male located behind and to the side of the urethra that discharges a component of seminal fluid into the urethra.

A

Bulbourethral gland

485
Q

Components of the male reproductive system?

A 
Scrotum
Testis
Epididymis
Spermatic cord
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Penis
486
Q

Parts of the scrotum?

A

Raphe
Septum
Dartos

487
Q

____________ is the central cordlike line running over the scrotum from the anus to the root of the penis, marking the position of the scrotal septum.

A

Raphe

488
Q

____________ is an incomplete wall of connective tissue and nonstriated muscle dividing the scrotum into two sacs, each containing a testis.

A

Septum

489
Q

The ___________ is a fat-free layer of smooth muscular fiber outside the external spermatic fascia but below the skin.

A

Dartos muscles

490
Q

Parts of the testis?

A

Tunica albuginea
Tunica vaginalis
Efferent ductules

491
Q

__________ is a white fibrous capsule especially of the testis.

A

Tunica albuginea

492
Q

_____________ is a pouch of serous membrane covering the testis and derived from the peritoneum.

A

Tunica vaginalis

493
Q

The ____________ connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis.

A

Efferent ductules

494
Q

Parts of the epididymis?

A

Head
Body
Tail

495
Q

The __________ is a muscular tube that begins at the lower end of the epididymis and passes upward along the side of the testis to become part of the spermatic cord.

A

Ductus deferens

496
Q

The ___________ of ductus deferens is an enlargement of the ductus deferens at the fundus of the bladder.

A

Ampulla

497
Q

_____________ is a pair of glands that open into the vas deferens near its junction with the urethra and secrete many of the components of semen.

A

Seminal vesicle

498
Q

Parts of the penis?

A

Root
Body
Fascia

499
Q

For their anterior three-fourths the corpora cavernosa penis lie in intimate apposition with one another, but behind they diverge in the form of two tapering processes, known as the ______________, which are firmly connected to the ischial rami.

A

Crura

500
Q

Just before each crus of the penis meets its fellow it presents a slight enlargement, named the ___________ of the penis.

A

Bulb

501
Q

Parts of the root of the penis?

A

Crura

Bulb

502
Q

Parts of the body of the penis?

A

Corpus spongiosum
Glans
Corpora cavernosum

503
Q

_________ is the median longitudinal column of erectile tissue of the penis that contains the urethra and is ventral to the two corpora cavernosa

A

Corpus spongiosum

504
Q

____________ is The conical expansion of the corpus spongiosum that forms the head of the penis.

A

Glans

505
Q

__________ is a mass of erectile tissue with large interspaces capable of being distended with blood

A

Corpora cavernosum

506
Q

____________ is a band of elastic fibers of the superficial fascial layer that extends from the linea alba above the pubic symphysis then splitting to surround the penis before attaching to the fascia of the penis.

A

Fundiform ligament

507
Q

The __________ of the penis is attached to the pubic symphysis, which holds the penis close to the pubic bone and supports it when erect.

A

Suspensory ligament

508
Q

__________ is the whitish membrane within the penis that surrounds the spongy chambers (corpora cavernosa).

A

Tunica albuginea

509
Q

Parts of the female reproductive system?

A 
Ovary
Uterine tubes
Uterus
External genitalia
Breast
510
Q

Ligaments of the ovary?

A

Ovarian

Suspensory

511
Q

The ______________ is a fibrous ligament that connects the ovary to the lateral surface of the uterus.

A

Ovarian ligament

512
Q

The _______________, is a fold of peritoneum that extends out from the ovary to the wall of the pelvis.

A

Suspensory ligament

513
Q

Peritoneal folds of the ovary?

A

Mesovarium
Mesosalpinx
Mesometrium

514
Q

Details of the mesovarium?

A

Surrounds ovarian & suspensory ligaments & ovarian vessels

515
Q

Details of the mesosalpinx?

A

Surrounds uterine tubes

516
Q

Details of mesometrium?

A

Surrounds uterine vessels

517
Q

Parts of the uterine tubes?

A

Fimbria
Ampulla
Infundibulum
Isthmus

518
Q

__________ is a fingerlike projection at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary.

A

Fimbria

519
Q

The ____________ is the second portion of the fallopian tube.

A

Ovarian ampulla

520
Q

The third part of the uterine tube is the ____________.

A

Infundibulum

521
Q

The visible medial third of the uterine tube is the __________ of uterine tube.

A

Isthmus

522
Q

Parts of the uterus?

A

Fundus
Corpus
Cervix

523
Q

The ____________ of the uterus is the top portion, opposite from the cervix.

A

Fundus

524
Q

The ___________ is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.

A

Cervix

525
Q

External genitalia of the female?

A 
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Vagina
526
Q

___________ is the rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint of the pubic bones, in women typically more prominent.

A

Mons pubis

527
Q

____________ are the larger outer folds of the vulva.

A

Labia majora

528
Q

Parts of the labia majora?

A

Anterior commissure
Posterior commissure
Pudendal cleft

529
Q

The ____________ of the labia majora is the front joining of the labia majora.

A

Anterior commissure

530
Q

The ___________ of the labia majora is the rear joining of the labia majora.

A

Posterior commissure

531
Q

The___________ is a part of the vulva, the furrow at the base of the mons pubis where it divides to form the labia majora.

A

Pudendal cleft

532
Q

Parts of the labia minora?

A

Frenulum

Prepuce

533
Q

The __________ of labia minora is a frenulum where the labia minora meet posteriorly.

A

Frenulum

534
Q

A _________, the clitoral hood, normally covers and protects the clitoris.

A

Prepuce

535
Q

Parts of the clitoris?

A

Corpus
Glans
Crus

536
Q

_______________ is the two parallel columns of erectile tissue forming the body of the clitoris

A

Corpus

537
Q

_________ is the small mass of erectile tissue at the tip of the clitoris.

A

Glans

538
Q

______________ is the continuation of the clitoris on each side of the corpus cavernosum, diverging from the body posteriorly and attached to the pubic arch.

A

Crus

539
Q

Parts of the vagina?

A

Bulb of the vestibule
Fornices
Orifice
Greater vestibular glands

540
Q

__________ is a body consisting of paired masses of erectile tissue, one on either side of the vaginal opening.

A

Bulb of the vestibule

541
Q

The ___________ of the vagina are the deepest portions of the vagina, extending into the recesses created by the vaginal portion of cervix.

A

Fornices

542
Q

__________ are a pair of glands between the vulva and the vagina that produce lubrication in response to stimulation.

A

Greater vestibular glands

543
Q

Parts of the breast?

A

Nipple
Areola
Lactiferous ducts
Suspensory ligaments

544
Q

____________ form a tree branched system connecting the lobules of the mammary gland to the tip of the nipple.

A

Lactiferous ducts

545
Q

______________ are connective tissue in the breast that help maintain structural integrity.

A

Suspensory ligaments

Unit II: Trunk (3 decks)

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