Practice Questions

Question 1

Two benefits of breastfeeding for the mother:

Answer 1

1. May reduce risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women
2. Saves money and time on formula
3. Promotes fat loss
4. Speeds postpartum healing of the uterus

Question 2

2. With ______ intervention, a problem is detected early and treatment reverses the disease process.
   a. primary
   b. secondary
   c. tertiary

Answer 2

B

Question 3

3. True/False According to the Weir article, physical exercise is effective for both short-term mood elevation as well as treating long-term depression.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

4. What is the leading cause of death for children?

Answer 4

Unintentional injury

Question 5

5. Provide two potential short term problems associated with poor nutrition in children.

Answer 5

Increased risk of diabetes
Obesity
Dental problems
Iron deficiency anemia
Impair cognitive development, concentration
Behavior problems
Apathy

Question 6

6. Which sentence most accurately summarizes Ditchek and Greenfield’s perspective on unstructured recess time
   a. They believe it is necessary.

b. They believe it is positive, but that structured physical activities are much more important.
c. They do not believe it is necessary.

Answer 6

A

Question 7

7. T/F Too much or too little stress can impact normal development

Answer 7

True

Question 8

8. T/F According to your instructor, the biomedical model is the most useful for the assessment and treatment of child health disorders.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

9. Most people _______________ the amount of sleep they actually get.
   a. underestimate
   b. correctly estimate
   c. overestimate

Answer 9

A

Question 10

10. T/F Having a solid background and training in human growth and development is a crucial component for assessing and treating children who are medically ill and their families.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

11. Which of the following is not a factor often blamed for the epidemic of childhood obesity:
    a. inactivity
    b. advertising
    c. not eating together as a family
    d. consuming too many high fiber foods

Answer 11

D

Question 12

12. Anxiety in parents of hospitalized children is:
    a. positively correlated with anxiety in the children.
    b. not correlated with anxiety in the children.
    c. negatively correlated with anxiety in the children.

Answer 12

A

Question 13

13. True or False: Educating parents, teachers, and children about the importance of sleep is just as important as educating them about exercise, nutrition, and substance abuse.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

14. T/F Many parents refuse to let their children participate in research investigating children’s conceptualization of death.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

15. Provide one of the factors that account for particularly distressing nature of parental bereavement.

Answer 15

Not only loss of the child but loss of the future – all the hopes and dreams associated with the child
Death out of turn – not supposed to die first

Feelings of guilt and self-blame

Loss of parental identity, sense of value and self-esteem

Social stigma – others don’t know how to respond

Loss of support of other parent

Question 16

16. Research related to parental grief has found for mothers the grief reaction tends to ______________ and for fathers it tends to __________________.

Answer 16

Increase over time before declining; steadily decline

Question 17

17. T/F The onset of most chronic childhood illnesses involves a serious acute episode.

Answer 17

False (no consistent pattern)

Question 18

18. T/F The hospitalization of children has uniformly negative psychosocial effects.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

19. Explain the death concept of “universality.”

Answer 19

All living things will eventually die

Question 20

20. T/F Children with a chronic illness appear to be at twice the risk of developing some kind of problem behavior as compared to healthy children.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

21. What percentage of kids between the ages of one and nine fully meet the federal guidelines for a healthy diet?

Answer 21

1%

Question 22

22. According to ______________ theory, nature is organized in terms of a hierarchy of units reflecting a continuum of complexity.

Answer 22

systems

Question 23

23. T/F The goal of primary prevention in adolescence is to alter risk factors prior to the onset of disease, thus preventing the disease process from beginning or greatly diminishing the severity of subsequent disease.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

24. Provide two examples of emotional and behavioral responses within family members that may occur over the course of a child’s terminal illness.

Answer 24

Separation anxiety, denial, disappointment/sadness, overprotectiveness, anger/resentment, guilt/ambivalence, exhaustion/ desperation

Question 25

25. What is the leading cause of absenteeism in the school years?

Answer 25

Asthma

Question 26

26. When explaining death to children, euphemistic (Grandma “passed away”; “Grandma is “at rest,” etc.) explanations should be avoided.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

27. What is an important thing to remember when dealing with family-based interventions for pediatric obesity?
    a. Parents should be overly involved in every step of the process
    b. Food logs and calorie counting should be avoided
    c. Plans should be customized to each individual family
    d. Behavior modification should not be implemented

Answer 27

C

Question 28

28. T/F Psychologists are legally required to obtain a child patient’s consent before beginning any assessment or treatment with them.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

29. Provide two of the physiological benefits of exercise discussed in lecture.

Answer 29

Improves functioning of lungs and circulatory system, delays degenerative changes of aging, burns calories/decreased body fat, lowers serum cholesterol, less susceptible to injury, better sleep, enhances brain development

Question 30

30. Which of the following techniques is based on the premise that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected?
    a. Biofeedback
    b. Cognitive restructuring
    c. Distraction
    d. Self-monitoring

Answer 30

B

Question 31

31. T/F Playing video games that feature reckless driving and seeing media images of smoking, drinking and unprotected sex makes people more willing to engage in such risky behaviors.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

32. Consumption of caffeine among children and teens has increased _____ in past 30 years.
    a. 10%
    b. 25%
    c. 55%
    d. 70%

Answer 32

D

Question 33

33. During what developmental stage are kids most likely to be concerned with changes in body image due to illness?

Answer 33

Adoelscence

Question 34

34. List three ways to optimize your child’s immunity

Answer 34

Make sure they get enough sleep, feed them a balanced diet, protect them from environmental pollutants

Question 35

35. Why was the Murphy reading titled “The Last Dance”?

Answer 35

Because the mother and child coped with the disease by dancing to the oldies station on the radio every morning, and danced one last time near Thanksgiving.

Question 36

36. Discuss two types of techniques can you teach a child or use on a child who is being confronted with pediatric pain. Give a short description of the techniques you have chosen.

Answer 36

Distraction – This is the most common type of technique used, it is when the child attends to something else other than the pain present, and it is a useful diversionary tactic.

Relaxation and Imagery- Used to treat anxiety and pain in children, includes a lot of different methods such as breathing exercises to reduce muscle tension and guided imagery for mental relaxation.

Biofeedback- This is when the non-observable electrical activity is translated and amplified into something that can be seen to assist the child in learning the difference between tense and relaxed situations.

Hypnosis- Pain management technique that represents an altered state of consciousness or a “trance state”, children’ susceptibility to hypnosis rises rapidly at age four-five.

Music therapy- children are encouraged to use musical recordings that will help them focus their attention away from the pain.

Thought-stopping- Identified as a behavior modification technique, it is designed to eliminate the feelings of helplessness in the face of an aversive event, giving the child a greater sense of control.

Operant techniques- Designed after the notion of operant conditioning, parents help shift focus from ill behavior to a more adaptive one.

Modeling- A form of observational learning, children can deal with pain and cope more effectively by watching someone else deal with it effectively.

Desensitization- refers to a process of gradual exposure to anxiety provoking object or situation eventually leading to a reduced state of anxiety,

Art Therapy, play therapy and psychotherapy- Art and play is natural for children this strategy can facilitate assessment of child’s emotional state as well as offer a means of expressing distress and working through conflicts.

Question 37

37. Doctors recommend that infants be kept out of the sun for as much as possible during the first ______________ months.

Answer 37

Six

Question 38

38. What is “herd immunity”?

Answer 38

Herd immunity is a term used to describe when non vaccinated people are protected by vaccinated people. The way it works is that when everyone is vaccinated, the non-vaccinated people benefit from the “herd immunity” created. Since the vaccinated people will be free from diseases, non-vaccinated people will also be protected from diseases if they come in contact with them.

Question 39

39. Which of the following is not a myth about vaccines?
    a) Vaccines cause autism.
    b) The hydrochloric acid in vaccines are very detrimental to one’s health.
    c) There are severe side effects with vaccines.
    d) Vaccines contain preservatives.

Answer 39

D

Question 40

40. Provide one of Ditchek and Greenfield’s “top three pediatric stress-related physical symptoms”?

Answer 40

Abdominal pain, headache, cough

Question 41

41. Is anxiety more related to difficulty initiating sleep or with early morning awakening?

Answer 41

Difficulty initiating sleep

Question 42

42. Provide an example of using environmental manipulation as an intervention for sleep problems

Answer 42

Dark room, quiet surroundings, no phone in room, no TV in room, no computer in room, comfortable sheets, comfortable mattress, etc.

Question 43

43. What are the three components of informed consent?

Answer 43

Competence: Capacity to consent and able to understand information and make decision on own
Knowledge: has been provided with adequate information needed to make informed decisions; sufficient understanding of risks and benefits
Voluntariness: Consent freely given with no coercion

Question 44

44. The ethical principle or legal right that a physician or other health professional will hold secret all information relating to a patient, unless the patient gives consent permitting disclosure is called _______________________.

Answer 44

Confidentiality

Question 45

45. During which of Piaget’s stages may children view the experience of pain as being due to breaking a rule or having done something bad.
    a. preoperational stage
    b. concrete operational stage
    c. formal operations stage