Practice Questions Flashcards
Two benefits of breastfeeding for the mother:
- May reduce risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women
- Saves money and time on formula
- Promotes fat loss
- Speeds postpartum healing of the uterus
- With ______ intervention, a problem is detected early and treatment reverses the disease process.
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
B
- True/False According to the Weir article, physical exercise is effective for both short-term mood elevation as well as treating long-term depression.
True
- What is the leading cause of death for children?
Unintentional injury
- Provide two potential short term problems associated with poor nutrition in children.
Increased risk of diabetes Obesity Dental problems Iron deficiency anemia Impair cognitive development, concentration Behavior problems Apathy
- Which sentence most accurately summarizes Ditchek and Greenfield’s perspective on unstructured recess time
a. They believe it is necessary.
b. They believe it is positive, but that structured physical activities are much more important.
c. They do not believe it is necessary.
A
- T/F Too much or too little stress can impact normal development
True
- T/F According to your instructor, the biomedical model is the most useful for the assessment and treatment of child health disorders.
False
- Most people _______________ the amount of sleep they actually get.
a. underestimate
b. correctly estimate
c. overestimate
A
- T/F Having a solid background and training in human growth and development is a crucial component for assessing and treating children who are medically ill and their families.
True
- Which of the following is not a factor often blamed for the epidemic of childhood obesity:
a. inactivity
b. advertising
c. not eating together as a family
d. consuming too many high fiber foods
D
- Anxiety in parents of hospitalized children is:
a. positively correlated with anxiety in the children.
b. not correlated with anxiety in the children.
c. negatively correlated with anxiety in the children.
A
- True or False: Educating parents, teachers, and children about the importance of sleep is just as important as educating them about exercise, nutrition, and substance abuse.
True
- T/F Many parents refuse to let their children participate in research investigating children’s conceptualization of death.
True
- Provide one of the factors that account for particularly distressing nature of parental bereavement.
Not only loss of the child but loss of the future – all the hopes and dreams associated with the child
Death out of turn – not supposed to die first
Feelings of guilt and self-blame
Loss of parental identity, sense of value and self-esteem
Social stigma – others don’t know how to respond
Loss of support of other parent
- Research related to parental grief has found for mothers the grief reaction tends to ______________ and for fathers it tends to __________________.
Increase over time before declining; steadily decline
- T/F The onset of most chronic childhood illnesses involves a serious acute episode.
False (no consistent pattern)
- T/F The hospitalization of children has uniformly negative psychosocial effects.
False
- Explain the death concept of “universality.”
All living things will eventually die
- T/F Children with a chronic illness appear to be at twice the risk of developing some kind of problem behavior as compared to healthy children.
True
- What percentage of kids between the ages of one and nine fully meet the federal guidelines for a healthy diet?
1%
- According to ______________ theory, nature is organized in terms of a hierarchy of units reflecting a continuum of complexity.
systems
- T/F The goal of primary prevention in adolescence is to alter risk factors prior to the onset of disease, thus preventing the disease process from beginning or greatly diminishing the severity of subsequent disease.
True
- Provide two examples of emotional and behavioral responses within family members that may occur over the course of a child’s terminal illness.
Separation anxiety, denial, disappointment/sadness, overprotectiveness, anger/resentment, guilt/ambivalence, exhaustion/ desperation
- What is the leading cause of absenteeism in the school years?
Asthma
- When explaining death to children, euphemistic (Grandma “passed away”; “Grandma is “at rest,” etc.) explanations should be avoided.
True
- What is an important thing to remember when dealing with family-based interventions for pediatric obesity?
a. Parents should be overly involved in every step of the process
b. Food logs and calorie counting should be avoided
c. Plans should be customized to each individual family
d. Behavior modification should not be implemented
C
- T/F Psychologists are legally required to obtain a child patient’s consent before beginning any assessment or treatment with them.
False
- Provide two of the physiological benefits of exercise discussed in lecture.
Improves functioning of lungs and circulatory system, delays degenerative changes of aging, burns calories/decreased body fat, lowers serum cholesterol, less susceptible to injury, better sleep, enhances brain development
- Which of the following techniques is based on the premise that thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected?
a. Biofeedback
b. Cognitive restructuring
c. Distraction
d. Self-monitoring
B
- T/F Playing video games that feature reckless driving and seeing media images of smoking, drinking and unprotected sex makes people more willing to engage in such risky behaviors.
True
- Consumption of caffeine among children and teens has increased _____ in past 30 years.
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 55%
d. 70%
D
- During what developmental stage are kids most likely to be concerned with changes in body image due to illness?
Adoelscence
- List three ways to optimize your child’s immunity
Make sure they get enough sleep, feed them a balanced diet, protect them from environmental pollutants
- Why was the Murphy reading titled “The Last Dance”?
Because the mother and child coped with the disease by dancing to the oldies station on the radio every morning, and danced one last time near Thanksgiving.
- Discuss two types of techniques can you teach a child or use on a child who is being confronted with pediatric pain. Give a short description of the techniques you have chosen.
Distraction – This is the most common type of technique used, it is when the child attends to something else other than the pain present, and it is a useful diversionary tactic.
Relaxation and Imagery- Used to treat anxiety and pain in children, includes a lot of different methods such as breathing exercises to reduce muscle tension and guided imagery for mental relaxation.
Biofeedback- This is when the non-observable electrical activity is translated and amplified into something that can be seen to assist the child in learning the difference between tense and relaxed situations.
Hypnosis- Pain management technique that represents an altered state of consciousness or a “trance state”, children’ susceptibility to hypnosis rises rapidly at age four-five.
Music therapy- children are encouraged to use musical recordings that will help them focus their attention away from the pain.
Thought-stopping- Identified as a behavior modification technique, it is designed to eliminate the feelings of helplessness in the face of an aversive event, giving the child a greater sense of control.
Operant techniques- Designed after the notion of operant conditioning, parents help shift focus from ill behavior to a more adaptive one.
Modeling- A form of observational learning, children can deal with pain and cope more effectively by watching someone else deal with it effectively.
Desensitization- refers to a process of gradual exposure to anxiety provoking object or situation eventually leading to a reduced state of anxiety,
Art Therapy, play therapy and psychotherapy- Art and play is natural for children this strategy can facilitate assessment of child’s emotional state as well as offer a means of expressing distress and working through conflicts.
- Doctors recommend that infants be kept out of the sun for as much as possible during the first ______________ months.
Six
- What is “herd immunity”?
Herd immunity is a term used to describe when non vaccinated people are protected by vaccinated people. The way it works is that when everyone is vaccinated, the non-vaccinated people benefit from the “herd immunity” created. Since the vaccinated people will be free from diseases, non-vaccinated people will also be protected from diseases if they come in contact with them.
- Which of the following is not a myth about vaccines?
a) Vaccines cause autism.
b) The hydrochloric acid in vaccines are very detrimental to one’s health.
c) There are severe side effects with vaccines.
d) Vaccines contain preservatives.
D
- Provide one of Ditchek and Greenfield’s “top three pediatric stress-related physical symptoms”?
Abdominal pain, headache, cough
- Is anxiety more related to difficulty initiating sleep or with early morning awakening?
Difficulty initiating sleep
- Provide an example of using environmental manipulation as an intervention for sleep problems
Dark room, quiet surroundings, no phone in room, no TV in room, no computer in room, comfortable sheets, comfortable mattress, etc.
- What are the three components of informed consent?
Competence: Capacity to consent and able to understand information and make decision on own
Knowledge: has been provided with adequate information needed to make informed decisions; sufficient understanding of risks and benefits
Voluntariness: Consent freely given with no coercion
- The ethical principle or legal right that a physician or other health professional will hold secret all information relating to a patient, unless the patient gives consent permitting disclosure is called _______________________.
Confidentiality
- During which of Piaget’s stages may children view the experience of pain as being due to breaking a rule or having done something bad.
a. preoperational stage
b. concrete operational stage
c. formal operations stage
