Exam 1 Flashcards
What model of medicine do Dr. Stu and Dr. Russ practice?
Integrative medicine
Incidence
The number or percent of new cases that have appeared in a population within a specific time
Collateral information
Information about a child’s health that comes from sources other than the child (e.g., family, teachers, doctors)
True/False: The majority of children needing mental health care services receive care.
False
Ways to monitor adherence to medical treatment:
- 24-hour recall interview
- Verbal reports from parent and child
- Recording by child and parents (diaries, forms, computer)
- Pill and bottle counts
Disease
Characteristic grouping of physical signs and symptoms related to body malfunction
True/False: Most of the risky behaviors for killer diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer begin in adulthood.
False
Basic philosophy behind cognitive restructuring
Thoughts, behaviors and emotions are interconnected, therefore change in cognitions with lead to changes in emotions, behavior and well-being
Tertiary intervention
Treatment of an established disease/disorder
True/False: According to Ditchek and Greenfield, despite our children being exposed to toxins and carcinogens on a daily basis, our society still values economy more than our children’s health.
True
What percentage of the time are children watching television shows meant for adults?
90%
True/False: In the U.S., E-cigarettes are now the most popular tobacco product among middle school and high school students.
True
True/False: Complementary medicine is used separately from or instead of conventional care.
False
What percentage of STD cases occur in individuals 15-24 years old?
About 2/3
Child health and parental income are:
A. negatively correlated
B. positively correlated
C. not correlated
B
Which of the following was reported by children who spent more hours on social media?
a. Less sick days
b. Improved behavior in the classroom
c. Fewer instances of stomach aches
d. Higher rates of depression
D
A 30-second commercial can affect the brand choices of a child as young as: A. 6 months of age B. 1 years old C. 2 years old D. 4 years old
C
True/False: Kids are more vulnerable to environmental hazards because they breathe more air, eat more food, and drink more water per pound of body weight than adults.
True
True/False: Girls are less physically active than boys as they grow older.
True
True/False: Most environmental safety standards are based on adult exposure.
True
True/False Like China and India, Western medicine treats the mind and the body as a whole instead of two separate entities.
False
What does the term “power tools” mean in terms of mind/body therapies?
a. Methods child can use anytime
b. Techniques that should be learned under the direction of a trained practitioner
c. Methods that require some parental supervision or assistance, at least in getting started
d. Techniques that require children to exert a lot of energy
B
The type of medicine taught in most U.S. medical schools today: A. Alternative Medicine B. Complementary Medicine C. Conventional Medicine D. Integrative medicine
C
Adherence to medical recommendations is likely to be (1) higher when the regimen is long term and (2) lower when several components are involved in the treatment.
a. Both 1 and 2 are true
b. 1 but not 2 is true
c. 2 but not 1 is true
d. Neither 1 or 2 is true
C
True or False? Endocrine disruptors found in everyday household products can contribute to the rise of neurodevelopmental disorders in children
True
Which of the following are ways violent images can damage a child psychologically?
X. Make a child overly fearful of the world
Y. Make a child more aggressive
Z. Desensitize a child to the pain and suffering of others
a. X and Y
b. Y and Z
c. X and Z
d. X, Y and Z
D
True/False Lead poisoning has dramatically increased over the years, and it is the toxic metal that Ditchek and Greenfield fear the most.
False
Provide examples of common ways of measuring children’s’ cardiovascular fitness.
Step test, pacers, 1 mile walk/run, blood pressure, heart rate
According to Ditchek and Greenfield, a child watches an estimated __________ television ads before graduating high school.
a. 3,600
b. 36,000
c. 360,000
d. 3.6 million
C
What class term is defined as “Any procedure used to gather information about people”?
Assessment
Provide one example of how the family affects child health from a prenatal perspective.
maternal health, maternal stress, maternal health behaviors (diet, substances, exercise), secondhand smoke
What does “BMI” stand for in relation to fitness assessment?
Body Mass Index
Define “naturalistic observation.”
Observing the patient(s) in their “natural” setting (home, school, etc)
True/False In the article “The Lost Art of Parenting,” Kay Hymowitz states that parents today have lost touch with how to be friends with their kids.
False
True/False Using illicit substances at younger ages leads to a poorer prognosis than later initiation of use.
True
Provide one of the three main categories of adolescent risk-taking behavior.
Use of substances, safety, sexual activity
According to Oskamp, how can necessary behavioral changes be accomplished
to achieve a more sustainable society?
a. By focusing technological advances towards pro-environmental goals
b. By using carefully organized group activity to help reduce or prevent environmental damage
c. By living a more simple lifestyle
d. All of the above
D
Which of the following is not a principle of Integrative Pediatric Medicine?
a. Recognition of the interaction among body, mind, spirit, family, community,
and environment.
b. A desire to integrate the best of conventional and “unconventional” medicine.
c. The child has every right to make their own decisions regarding treatment.
d. A preference for gentle and inexpensive therapies over invasive expensive ones.
C
Taking your son to a physician to get him evaluated for ADHD and prescribed medicine would be an example of: a. integrative medicine b. conventional medicine c. ‘quack’ medicine d. alternative medicine
B
All of these are components of biopsychosocial assessment except:
a. family history and dynamics
b. political beliefs and practices
c. cultural and ethnic backgrounds and practices
d. spiritual and religious beliefs and practices
B
True/False: Ninety-five percent of adolescents aged 13-18 have access to a smart phone.
True
True and false? Messages sent by the mass media are generally motivated by profit rather than a concern for what’s best for our children.
True
True or false? The average child now spends more time in front of a screen than doing anything else but sleeping.
True
What is a common reason that many kids give up on organized sports and other fitness activities?
a. They prefer more competitive play instead of slow-placed for fun play.
b. They dislike disorganization and believe there is not enough time for practice.
c. They are getting negative feedback from coaches and parents.
C
What is true about marketing violence to children?
a. There is a decrease in violence in movies rated G, PG, and PG-13.
b. There is no research that shows that violence is harming children
c. If a child is aggressive at age 8 there is no chance of them being aggressive in adulthood.
d. Prolonged exposure to violence in the media can cause children to become desensitized to violence in real life.
D
Which of the following is not a way to reduce stress with your child?
a. Sitting down for family meals together
b. Let them watch TV as long as they would like
c. Give the child emotional vocabulary
d. Laugh more
B
Physical fitness
The ability to work and have energy remaining for recreation
Illness behavior
How someone acts when they think they’re sick
Examples of secondary gain from disease/illness
Attention, money
Health behaviors
Activities to prevent disease and promote health
Developmental issues in working with children
- chronological and mental age must be considered
- knowledge of normal & abnormal development
- children are always changing
Contextual issues in working with children
Children’s behavior changes depending on context
Other considerations in working with children
- building on strengths (communicate the child’s strengths to adults)
- communication issues and lack of understanding
- building rapport with child and family
- basic rights of the child
- family involvement is essential
Epidemiology
The study of the prevalence, incidence, and co-occurrence of disorders and competencies
Prevalence
Number of percent of cases of a disorder in a population during a specific time
Point prevalence
Prevalence at a certain point in time
Period prevalence
Prevalence within a period of time (most common)
Lifetime prevalence
How many people have a disorder at some point in their lifetime
Mortality
Death rate
How presence of disease rates are measured
- physiological measures (blood tests, MRI)
- decompensation (dead tissue, atrophy)
Aerobic capacity/cardiovascular endurance
Ability of the circulatory system to take up, transport, and use oxygen during physical activity and exercise
Other physical health status measurements
- subjective complaints
- functional abilities
- fitness measures
Measures of body weight/composition
- weight
- BMI
- body composition
BMI definition and healthy range
- (weight in pounds / height in inches / height in inches) x 703
- adult healthy range: 18.5-24.9 (varies by age for children)
Definition of body composition
Proportion of lean body mass to body fat
How body composition is measured
- underwater weighing
- special scales