Practice Midterm Test Flashcards
Israelite believed that God made a _____ with Abraham
covenant
In a _____ society, men hold the legal and moral authority
patriarchal
The first five books of the Hebrew Bible are called the _____
torah
Spiritual leaders called _____ interpreted God’s will to the Israelites
prophets
The Israelites’ _____ religion made them unique in the ancient Middle East
monotheistic
Member of the landowning upper class in Roman society
Patrician
Roman farmer, merchant, artisan, or trader
Plebian
Person who suffers or dies for his or her beliefs
Martyr
Foreign soldier who serves for pay
Mercenary
Small religious group
Sect
Romans were skilled at the art of _____ , a picture made from small bits of stone and glass
mosaic
Some Roman poets chose to _____ , or make fun of, society
satirize
Water was carried to Roman cities by _____
aqueducts
The author of the Aenid, Rome’s greatest epic, was _____
virgil
The application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures is called _____
engineering
A belief that is contrary to official church teachings
Heresay
First ruler of the roman empire
augustus
Leader of the Carthaginian army who crossed the Alps to invade italy
Hannibal
General who brought Gaul under Roman control
Julius Caesar
Leader of Rome who converted to Christianity and passed the Edict of Milan
Constantine
Under the early _____, Muslim civilization flourished
Abbasids
Muhammad’s father in law, Abu Bakr, became the first_____
Caliph
The _____ , a Seljuk ruler, contolled Baghdad by 1055
Sultan
A _____ is a slender tower of a mosque
Minaret
Muslim mystics called _____ sought communication with God through meditation and fasting
Sufis
Following the death of _____. Russia was filled with unrest
Ivan the Terrible
The Russian language is written in the _____ aplhabet
Cyrillic
The Mongols who invaded Russia were known as the______
Golden Horde
Ivan lll sometimes referred to himself as _____
Czar (tsar)
Russia’s_____, or open grassland, offered no barrier to migration
steppe
When was a dictator chosen to rule in the Roman Republic?
during the vent of war
Why did Rome take such harsh actions against Carthage after the death of Hannibal?
they used Carthage as an example for the rest of the Mediterranean world
Julius Caesar brought civil war to Rome by
defying the senate and bringing his army across the Rubicon
The 200 year period when peace, order and prosperity flourished is known as the
pax romana
What characterized Roman architecture
Romans emphasized grandeur and built might monuments
How did Romans supply their cities with water
engineers built aqueducts
The ancient Romans most significant contribution to Europe has been in the area of
law
an immediate result of the fall of Rome was a period of
disorder and a weak central government
This philosopher said, “even if you have nothing to write, write and say so…”
Cicero
How did Christianity grow from a sect of Judaism into a world religion?
through missionaries like paul
What was the initial Roman attitude toward Christianity
they persecuted Christians
What ended the persecution of Christians?
Constantine’s Edict of Milan
The Pax Romana ended in 180AD, after the death of
Marcus Aurelius
Who tried to restore order to the Roman empire?
Diocletian and Constantine
Moses received _____ from God like the Burning bush, the rod/staff, the 10 plagues, and the parting of the Red Sea
Revelations
A major contribution of the Roman empire to Western society was the development of
An effective legal system
After the fall of Rome, got eastern portion of the Roman empire became known as the
Byzantine empire
Judaism, Islam, and Christianity all share a belief in
Monotheism and ethical conduct
The Jewish religion and cultural identity has been greatly influenced by
The Torah and the Diaspora
Geographic isolation of a people frequently reinforces
A traditional way of life
Before Mohammed became the prophet of Islam, he was a
Merchant
According to the five pillars of Islam every Muslim must
- Declaration of faith
- Give alms
- Fast form sunrise to sundown during the holy month of ramadan
- make the hajj
- pray five times a day
Which of the following beliefs is he’d by muslims, Jews, and Christians?
Belief in one god
Arab philosophers tried to harmonize Greek ideas about reason with
Religion
In comparison to Medicine in europe, Muslim medicine was
Far more advanced
the key reason for Muslim success in conquest was
The Arab camel Calvary
Many conquered people converted to Islam because it
Emphasized the equality of all believers
The majority branch within the Islam have been
Sunnis
After Muhammad’s death in 632, the Islamic faith
Continued to grow worldwide
All Muslims who are able are expected to
Make the hajj once in their life
To Muslims, the Quran is the
Final authority on all manners
The contributions of the Golden Age of Islamic civilization include
advances in mathematics
During the height of the Arab Empire, Baghdad exceeded this capital city in size and wealth
constantinople
Overall, Muslims treated the people they conquered
fairly well
known as the “city of light,” _____ was the only thriving commercial center in Europe during the Dark Ages
Cordoba
The following three groups distinctly aided in the decline of the Arab empire
Seljuk’s, Mongols, and Crusaders
The ideology in the Muslim faith is often misinterpreted both by Muslims themselves and non-Muslims
jihad
The Justinian code has been credited as being the basis for current
European Law
Religious images used for worship by the Byzantines were known as
icons
What was the title of the leader of the eastern orthodox church
Patriarch
The Roman Church conducted services in _____ and the Byzantines used_____ as its language
Latin, Greek
An autocrat was
a single ruler with complete control
The differences in the Roman and Byzantine church leads to the formation of the _____ _____ _____and _____ _____ _____
roman catholic church, and eastern orthodox church
A goal of the Justinian code was to simplify ___
Greek and Roman Laws
A unique feature of Byzantine architecture was the use of _____ on top of _____
large domes, rectangular bases
Constantine modeled the city of Constantinople after
Rome
What kind of government did Russia rulers develop?
Authoritation or autocratic rule
Which of the following groups finally conquered the Byzantine Empire
Seljuk Turks
What was the capital of Russia under the czars
Moscow
Who had extreme absolute rule?
ivan the terrible
Byzantine clergy could marry: True or False
True
Roman clergy could marry: True or False
False
The byzantine empire collapsed partially because of
war
Russia rivers linked early Russians to
the byzantine empire
Who led the Israelites in their exodus from Egypt
Moses
Who organized the israelites into the 12 tribes
Jacob
The Hebrew were among the fist people to occupy the
Fertile crescent
Hebrew couldn’t fight of the invasion because they were ___ by the ___
weakened, division
What country was the center of the golden age of medieval judiasm in the 10th and 13th century
spain
