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Honors Global Connections 1 > Islam > Flashcards

Islam Flashcards

1
Q

Baghdad is also known as

-

A

City of peace

Gift of God

Paradise on Earth

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2
Q

Abu Bakr set out on ______ _______ to convert the remaining _____ tribes to Islam.

A

Military campaigns

Arab

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3
Q

Bakr eventually reunited the __________ under Islam.

A

Muslim tribes

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4
Q

What is the sacred text of Islam ?

A

Quran

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5
Q

What did Muslims require from conquered people ?

A

A tax

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6
Q

What is schism ?

A

Division between sunnis and shiites.

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7
Q

What does Jihad mean ?

A

Overcoming immorality within themselves

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8
Q

what year did the Seljuk Turks gain control of Baghdad ?

A

1055

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9
Q

The in the 500s the Arabian peninsula was home to many _______.

A

Tribes

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10
Q

What caused division of Islam ?

A

Disagreement on who should be the next leader

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11
Q

Where did Muhammad go when he left Mecca ?

A

Yathrib

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12
Q

Sharia ?

A

Body of law

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13
Q

the trading network

  • _____ into _____
  • Muslims traveled ______ into _____.
A

Sahara desert into west Africa

silk roads into China

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14
Q

Ali moved the capitol where ?

He dies and the capitol is moved where ?

A

Kufa, Iraq

Damascus, Syria

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15
Q

While expanding the Muslim empire what did Muslim armies conquer ?

A

North Africa

Spain

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16
Q

What is a caliph ?

A

A successor or political leader without any divine or prophetic functions.

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17
Q

_____ led Mongols out of central Asia across southwest Asia and conquered many Muslim lands. What year ?

A

Genghis Khan

1216

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18
Q

The journey of Muhammad leaving Mecca was called what ?

A

Hijra

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19
Q

Who is Hussein ?

A

Ali’s son

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20
Q

What did people believe about the Kaaba ?

A

Abraham had built it to worship one God.

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21
Q

Ancient temple that housed statues of Pagaun Gods.

A

Kaaba

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22
Q

What did Muslims split into ?

A

Sunni Muslims

Shiite Muslims

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23
Q

The abbasids did what to make sure the Umayyad was gone ?

A

Killed members of the Umayyad family.

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24
Q

Muhammad was the ____ and _____ prophet.

A

Last

Greatest

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25
Q

What nomadic tribe traded with Arab tribes ?

A

Bedouins

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26
Q

In what year does Muhammad leave Mecca ?

A

622

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27
Q

What 2 empires did Abu Bakr conquer?

A

Byzantine (Syria and Palestine)

Persian (weakened at this point)

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28
Q

How many chapters were in the Quran ?

A

114

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29
Q

The Muslims stopped moving deeper into Europe because they were ________.

A

Defeated in France

Battle of Tours

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30
Q

What is the hajj ?

A

Pilgrimage to Mecca

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31
Q

The sharia includes …

Interpretation of the ________.
Examples of __________.
Regulates ___________.
Does not separate ______ from ______ or ______ law.
Unites ______ under a common legal framework.

A 
Quran
Muhammad's behavior
Moral conduct
Religion  civil or criminal law
Muslims
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32
Q

Why was Mecca important ?

A

It was a market town and pilgrimage center.

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33
Q

the Seljuk Turks adopted ____ and built their empire across ________.

A

Islam

Fertile Crescent

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34
Q

The Abbasids created the empire based on ________.

A

Equality of Muslims

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35
Q

Did the Quran say that people are responsible for their own actions ?

A

Yes

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36
Q

Minarets ?

A

Slender towers of the mosques

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37
Q

What was the final word on all things ?

A

Quran

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38
Q

They caliphs of the Umayyad dynasty ruled the Muslim empire until what year ?

A

750

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39
Q

What became the first year of the Muslim calendar ?

A

622

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40
Q

Baghdad contained many

-
-

A
  • markets
  • gardens
  • mosques
  • minarets
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41
Q

Baghdad was _____ and ______ than Constantinople / Damascus.

A

Bigger

Wealthier

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42
Q

The abbasids captured the capital (________) in what year ?

Moved capital to ______.

A

Damascus 750

Baghdad (Iraq)

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43
Q

Today what are the majority of Muslims ?

Percent ?

A

Sunnis

85%

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44
Q

Umma

A

Community of muslims

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45
Q

Where do they face when they pray ?

Where do they pray ?

Who calls them to prayer ?

A

Mecca

Mosque

Muezzin

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46
Q

Shiites means ?

A

Followers of Ali

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47
Q

Where do most shiites live ?

A

Iran
Lebanon
Iraq
Yemen

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48
Q

Community of Muslims

A

Umma

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49
Q

What style occurred after Ali’s death ?

_______vs._______

A

Battle of Karbala

Hussein vs. Yazid

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50
Q

What did sunnis believe ?

A

Next leaders should be a made Muslim from Muhammad’s tribe.

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51
Q

Who becomes God’s messenger ?

A

Muhammad

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52
Q

Name 4 prophets

A

Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad

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53
Q

What empire rose after the Umayyad fell ?

A

Abbasids

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54
Q

The abbasids had the support of ____ and ______.

A

Shiites

Non-Arab Muslims

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55
Q

Who is Aisha ?

A

Abu Bakr’s daughter

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56
Q

Islam became attractive to many because there is _________ which means there are _______.

A

No religious hierarchy

No priests

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57
Q

What is the head wrap called that women wear ?

A

Hijab

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58
Q

After Hijra, rivalry began between who ?

A

Muslims & Meccans

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59
Q

Was Muhammad and his teachings welcome in Medina/Yathrib ?

A

Yes

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60
Q

The practice of veiling upper class women and declining them was customs of who ?

A

Persians

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61
Q

Who did Muhammad marry ?

A

Khadija

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62
Q

What where descendants of Ali ?

A

Imams

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63
Q

What year did Muhammad return to Mecca ?

What did he do there ?

A

630

Destroyed idols (statues) in the Kaaba.

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64
Q

The Quran was organized into what ?

Each of those are arranged by _____.

A

Surahs

Length

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65
Q

What are 2 reason the Umayyad empire declined ?

A
  1. Difficult time adapting from ruling in the desert to ruling large cities and territories.
    • ruled like tribal leaders instead of kings or emperors
  2. As conquests slowed, economic tensions increased.
66
Q

Who is Abu al-Abbas ?

A

Ruler of abbasids.

Descended from Muhammad’s uncle

67
Q

What is Struggle in gods service ?

A

Jihad

68
Q

In Muhammad’s early life, what did he do for work ?

A

Worked as a shepherd among bedouins.

He was also a successful merchant.

69
Q

Where did the religion of Islam start ?

A

Arabian peninsula

70
Q

what was established that advanced social and economic advances ?

A

trading network

71
Q

Muslims believe the Quran is the direct ____________.

A

Word of God

72
Q

How do people describe mecca ?

A

Peaceful

73
Q

What does Islam mean ?

A

To submit to God

74
Q

The Quran provides a ___________ and has set _____ for ________.

A

Guide to life

Punishments for crime

75
Q

Muhammad devoted his life to the worship of one god. Which God ?

A

Allah

76
Q

Pilgrimage to Mecca

A

Hajj

77
Q

What did Yathrib/Medina mean ?

A

City of the prophet

78
Q

Who called him to be a messenger of god ?

A

Angel Gabriel

79
Q

What is a shared language for Muslims ?

A

Arabic

80
Q

2 reasons that Muslim had success ?

A

Weaknesses in the Byzantine and Persian empires.

Efficient fighting techniques

81
Q

In his early life what does Muhammad become known for ?

A

His honesty in business.

82
Q

What customs did they get from Persians ?

A

Practice of veiling upper class women and declining them

83
Q

Muslims sought ______ with God thought ______ & ______.

A

Communion

Meditation & fasting

84
Q

What was Yathrib later renamed ?

A

Median

85
Q

What is Jihad ?

A

Struggle in gods service

86
Q

What did shiites believe ?

A

Ali should become the next leader

87
Q

Other than from the Persians, how did they get the idea of covering wing up women ?

A

Quran

88
Q

Who was the fist caliph ?

A

Abu Bakr

89
Q

Who was the ruler of the abbasids ?

A

Abu al-Abbas

90
Q

After Muhammad destroyed the statues in the Kaaba, he spent ___ years working to unite _______.

A

2

Arabs under Islam

91
Q

Slender towers of the mosques ?

A

Minarets

92
Q

What empire halted large military conquests ?

A

Abbasids

93
Q

Muslim merchants introduce an ____ ______ ______ to Western World. (____)
- creating a _______.

A

Indian Numeric System

(Arabic Numerals)

creating a banking system

94
Q

Who kills Ali ?

A

Kharijites

95
Q

Kaaba

A

Ancient temple that housed statues of Pagaun gods.

96
Q

Quran

A

Sacred text of Islam

97
Q

What dynasty is after the death of Ali ?

A

Umayyad dyanasty

98
Q

Mecca was located in _____.

A

Saudi Arabia

99
Q

Who convinced Muhammad to accept the call to be gods messenger ?

A

Khadija

100
Q

Muezzin

A

Mosque official

101
Q

Where men and women have the same or different roles and rights ?

A

Different

102
Q

When did Muhammad die ?

A

632

103
Q

What is the body of law ?

A

Sharia

104
Q

group that migrated to the middle east from central Asia ? Around what year ?

A

Seljuk Turks

900

105
Q

Where did many people gather to pray ?

A

Kaaba

106
Q

What is gods final and complete revelation ?

A

Islam

107
Q

Who was in the Umayyad dynasty (general) ?

A

Sunni caliphs

108
Q

The abbasids ruled until what year ?

A

1258

109
Q

What day commemorates the battle of Karbala ?

A

Day of Ashura

110
Q

First to convert to Islam ?

A

Khadija

111
Q

What is sufis ?

A

Muslim mystics

112
Q

When and where was Muhammad born ?

A

Mecca

570 AD

113
Q

Why did Muhammad leave Mecca ?

A

He was threatened in Mecca and this disrupts his ability to trade.

114
Q

Even after Muhammad died ____ continued to ____.

A

Islam

Expand

115
Q

What are the 5 pullers of Islam ?

A
  1. Declaration of Faith
  2. Pray 5 times daily
  3. Give charity to the poor (almsgiving)
  4. Fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
  5. Make the Hajj
116
Q

Mosque official ?

A

Muezzin

117
Q

What was the turning point of Islam ?

A

Hijra

118
Q

What is social mobility ?

A

The ability to move up in social class

119
Q

Where did slaves often come from ?

A

Conquered lands

120
Q

Slavery was a ____________ in Muslim lands .

A

Common institution

121
Q

What tells the story of Persia ?

Who wrote it ?

A

Book of kings ?

Firdowsi

122
Q

The thousand and one night was what ?

Where was the information for this come from?

A

Group of tales narrated by a fictional princess

Different sources in the empire

123
Q

Calligraphy

A

Art of beautiful handwriting

124
Q

Who was a Muslim mathematician who made the study of algebra ?

A

Al-Khwarizmi

125
Q

What are 3 ways the Muslims made advances in medicine and public health ?

A
  1. Set up hospitals
  2. Physicians had to pass a test to practice
  3. Made treatment for measles and small pox
126
Q

Arabs conquered _____________ in 711 CE.

A

Indus River Valley

127
Q

Sultan _____ defeated Hindu armies across northern plain of India in what date?

A

Ghur

Late 1100s

128
Q

Ghur moves the capitol to _____.

A

Delhi

129
Q

Sultan Successor organized a _______. Which is what ?

A

Sultanate

Land rulers by a sultan

130
Q

What marks the start of Muslim rule in northern India ??

A

Moving the capitol to Delhi

131
Q

Who started to covert to Islam ?

Why ?

A

Hindu

There was no caste system in Islam

132
Q

What new group invaded India and defeated Muslims in 1398 ?

Who was the leader ?

They destroyed _______.

A

Mongolians

Tamerlane / Timur

Deli

133
Q

What was the After math of the Mongolians invading Islam ?

A

India split into rival Hindu and Muslim states

134
Q

What inflicted disaster on Hindus and Buddhists ?

Also why ?

Effect of this ?

A

Muslim conquest of Northern India

Many Hindus were killed

Buddhism declines severely

135
Q

What religion believed in reincarnation ?

A

Hinduism

136
Q

What did Hinduism call their priests ?

A

Brahmans

137
Q

What is emphasis on religious and moral duties ?

A

Dharma

138
Q

Who did Islam view Hinduism ?

A

As a false religion

139
Q

What is the new language ?

What is it a mixture of ?

A

Urdu

Persia
Arabic
Hindi

140
Q

Northern India developed a new religion. What was it ?

A

Sikhism

141
Q

Who was the founder of Sikhism ?

A

Nanak

142
Q

What is dharma ?

A

Emphasis on religious and. Oral duties

143
Q

What is the final dynasty ?

A

Mughal dynasty

144
Q

Who was the Mongolian leader in 1526 ?

A

Babur

145
Q

What did Babur do ?

A

He founded the Mughal dynasty in northern India

146
Q

Mughal dynasty

What years ?

A

1526 - 1857

147
Q

Who was the chief builder of the Mughal empire ?

For what years ?

Who was he ?

How did he win support of the Hindus ?

A

Akbar the Great

1556 - 1605

Babur’s grandson

through his policy of toleration

148
Q

Akbar the great was known for ?

A

Opened jobs to Hindus of all castes

Marrying a Hindu princess

149
Q

Akbars successors ?

A

Shah Jahan

150
Q

Who was Shah Jahan and what did he do ?

A

Akbars grandson

Had the Taj Mahal built for his wife’s tomb (mum tax Muhal)

151
Q

Who were Turkish speaking nomadic people ?

A

Ottomans

152
Q

Who were the ottomans similar to ?

A

Earlier Seljuks

153
Q

What was the conquest of Constantinople ?

A

Mehmet II

154
Q

Mehmet II DID WHAT ?

A

Renamed instanbul

155
Q

What was instanbul

A

Capital of the new Ottoman Empire

156
Q

Who was the ottoman leader

A

Sulelman

157
Q

2 things sulelman did ?

A

Extended empire into Middle East

Ruled the largest and most powerful empire in both Europe and the Middle East for centuries

158
Q

What empire united in Persia (Iran) in the early 1500s ?

A

Safavid

159
Q

What 2 empires is the Safavid empire in between ?

A

Mughal and ottoman

160
Q

What was he Safavid king called ?

A

Ahah

161
Q

Who was the best known Safavid leader

A

Shah Abbas the great

162
Q

What type of people were the Safavids ?

A

Muslims

Honors Global Connections 1 (5 decks)

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