Byzantine Empire Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
What should you think of when u think about the Byzantine empire ?
A
Turkey
2
Q
What became the capital of the Byzantine empire ?
It was formally known as _______.
Then it was renamed ________.
Also known as _________.
A
Constantinople
Byzantine
Constantinople
New Rome
3
Q
Why was Constantinople an important place (why was it the capitol) ?
A
It remained secure as the western Roman Empire was destroyed
4
Q
Where is Constantinople located ?
A
On the Bosporus straight
5
Q
What did the Bosporus straight do?
A
Linked Mediterranean and black seas
6
Q
What was good about Constantinople / Bosporus straight ?
A
Had excellent harbor because 3 sides were water
7
Q
What was Constantinople guarded by ?
A
Large land and sea walls
8
Q
What was Constantinople known for ?
A
It was the center of key trading routes that linked Europe and Asia.
It was European busiest market place for centuries
9
Q
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was still in existence for ___ years.
______, ________, and ________ influences blended with the traditions of _______________.
A
1000
Greek
Roman
Christian
Mediterranean World
10
Q
The byzantine empire reached its peak during whose rule ?
What was he determined to do ?
A
Justinian
Revive Ancient Rome
11
Q
Who was a very successful general under Justinian’s rule ?
A
General Belisaris
12
Q
What did General Belisarius reconquer in 527 to 565 ?
A
North Africa
Italy
Southern Spain
13
Q
Who was the last of the romans ?
A
General Belisarius
14
Q
Why were the victories temporary ?
A
Justinian’s successors would lose the land again
15
Q
What was emperor Justinian known for ?
A
Rebuilding Constantinople
16
Q
What important building was rebuilt under Justinian’s rule ?
A
Hagia Sophia
17
Q
What did Hagia Sophia mean ?
A
Holy Wisdom
18
Q
Hagia Sophia
What did they improve ?
What did the interior look like ?
A
Improved Roman architecture (it was a huge arching dome)
Colored marble and embroidered silk curtains
19
Q
What was Justinian’s most important contribution ?
A
He reformed the law
20
Q
What does Corpus Julie’s civillis mean ?
A
Body of law
21
Q
What did the body of law become known as ?
A
Justinian’s code
22
Q
Laws were organized and revised
What were the final 4 parts of Justinian’s Code.
A
Code
Digest
Institutes
Novalle
23
Q
How did Justinian’s Code impact Western Europe ?
A
it guided legal thinkers in later centuries who put together international law in use today
24
Q
What did Justinian use the laws for ?
A
to unify the empire under his control
25
what is an autocratic ruler ?
Sole ruler with complete authority
26
How are autocratic rulers different from roman rulers ?
They had control of the church
27
What did Justinian see himself as ?
Christ's co-ruler on earth
28
Justinian was aided by his wife, ______?
Theodora
29
What did Justinian do with the power ?
he combined political and spiritual power
30
Sole ruler with complete authority
Autocratic Ruler
31
What are 3 things that peasants did that formed the backbone of the empire ?
worked the land
paid taxes
soldiers for military
32
Byzantine currency
bezant
33
What was the Byzantine's secret weapon called ?
Greek Fire
34
what was greek fire
liquid that contained petroleum, ignited on impact, and couldn't be out out with water
35
Bezant
Byzantine gold coin stamped with emperor's image circulated from England to China.
36
What created problems between east and west ?
They had different opinions on religion
37
who controlled the church affairs ?
byzantine emperor
38
Byzantine Christians rejected the __________.
the pope's claim to authority over all christians
39
who was the highest church official ?
patriarch
40
what kept their right to marry ?
the clergy
41
what was their language ?
Greek
42
what caused disputes and disagreement between the east and west and contributed to the split of the church ?
the use of icons
43
what did the pope do about the icon disagreement ?
he condemned the use of icons
44
Great schism
split between eastern and western christianity
45
what was the western branch ?
Roman Catholic church
46
what was the eastern branch ?
Byzantine church
greek orthodox church
47
5 reasons the empire declined ?
1. struggles over succession
2. constant wars
3. local rulers gained control over large areas of land
4. enemies attacked empire
5. Seljuk Turks (Asia Minor) and Normans & Lombards (Europe)
48
who was the byzantine emperor ?
Alexis I
49
what did Alexis I do ?
called for western help
50
Alexis I called for western help from who ?
Pope Urban II
51
Why did Alexis I call for help from the west ?
to fight the Seljuk Turks
52
What was the result of Alexis I asking for help from the west ?
the first crusade
53
during later crusades _______ created violence between byzantine and ______.
trade rivalry, Italy
| Venice
54
What happened in the 4th crusade ?
knights attacked constantinople
55
what happened in the 4th crusade when the knights attacked Constantinople ?
the burned and plundered the city
| sent treasures back to western europe
56
When does Constantinople fall/ captured ?
| To/ by whom?
1453 ottoman turks
57
After Constantinople was captured what was it renamed ?
Instanbul
58
what did the ottomans turn the Hagia Sophia into ?
an Islamic mosque
59
what is the largest nation today ?
Russia
60
where did russia begin ?
Present day ukraine
61
where does russia lie ?
on the Eurasian plain (Europe to China borders)
62
What is seen as the divider between Europe and Asia?
Ural Mountains
63
What was good and bad about the northern forests ?
they supplied lumber and fuel
had poor soil and the cold,snowy climate hindered farming.
64
Since the northern forest weren't good where did farmers go ? why ?
farther south
there was fertile land
65
where was a good place for nomadic people ?
what was it ?
southern steppe
open, treeless grassland that offered pasture for herds and horses
66
what did the network of rivers provide ?
provided transportation for both people and goods
67
2 rivers that became productive trade routes
Dnieper River
| Volga River
68
major rivers linked _______ in the _____ to the _______ in the _____.
Russians North
Byzantines South
69
How were the Slavs like the Germanic people ?
they had no political organization more complex than the clan.
70
what are some characteristics of the Slavs ?
lived in small villages, farmed, traded along the rivers connecting the Baltic and the black sea
71
in the 700s and 800s the vikings came out of ________ and worked their way south along _____, trading with _____.
Scandinavia
rivers
Slavs
72
Later, what did the Russians call the vikings ?
Vargangians
73
Constantinople later sent ________ to convert the Slavs.
christian missionaies
74
What did Cyril and Methodius do to help convert the slavs ?
adapted the Greek alphabet so they could translate the bible into Slavic languages
75
The ____ alphabet became the written script used in _______ and _______.
Cyrillic
Russian, Ukraine
76
In 957, who converted to Byzantine Christianity ?
Olga
77
Who is Olga ?
remaining princess of kiev
78
It was not until the reign of _____ that Byzantine Christianity spread widely.
Vladimir
79
Who is Vladimir ?
grandson of Olga
80
What architectural feature did churches begin to have ?
Onion domes
81
What did Byzantine Christianity set the patterns for ?
The close ties between church and state
82
What was a pillar of state power ?
Russian Orthodox Church
83
Who ruled under the golden age in Kiev ?
Yaroslav
84
From what years did yaroslav rule ?
1019 - 1054
85
3 things that yaroslav did in the golden age ?
Issued a law code
Translated Greek words into his language
Arranged marriages between his children and the royal families in Western Europe
86
When did Kiev decline ?
1100's
87
What cause Kiev to decline ?
1. Rival families battling for the throne
2. As the Russian princes fought mongol invaders attacked
3. Russian trading cities were hurt because byzantine prosperity faded
88
What was the mongol conquest ?
Unification of the nomadic mongols of Central Asia by Genghis khan
89
When did the mongol conquest occur ?
1200's
90
Who was Genghis khan ?
World emperor
91
Who is the grandson of Genghis Khan ?
Batu
92
What did Batu do ?
When did he do it ?
He led mongol armies into Russia
1236-1241
93
What were mongols known as ?
| Why ?
Golden Horde
The color of their tents
94
What did the mongols do when they entered Russia ?
Burned Kiev and other Russian towns
95
What are 2 ways that the mongols affected Russia ?
1. Peasants felt the burden of heavy taxes.
| 2. Some fled to remote regions while others sought protection by becoming surfs of Russian nobles.
96
What did mongols do about the Russian Orthodox Church ?
They tolerated it even tho they were Muslim
97
What served as a model for later Russian rulers ?
The absolute power of the mongols
98
____________ began to develop a strong desire to __________ without inference from __________________.
Russian princes
Centralize their own power
Nobles clergy or merchants
99
What did mongol rule do that affected Russia later on ?
They cut of the Russians contacts with Western Europe at the time when Europeans were making rapid advancement.
100
In what period did princess of Moscow steadily increase their power?
Mongol period
101
What was the Moscow princess' success due to ?
The city's location which is near important river trade routes
102
The head of the Russian Orthodox Church made _______ his capital.
At the same time that city became Russia's ________ ?
Moscow
Russia's spiritual center
103
As mongol power declined, the princess of Moscow took on a new rule as a __________________________.
Patriotic defenders of Russia against foreign rule
104
1380
Who ?
Did what ?
Where ?
The princess of Moscow
Rallied up other Russians and defeated the Golden Horde
at the battle of Kulikovo
105
Who was the driving force behind Moscow's rising power ?
Ivan the great
| Ivan III
106
What was the best contribution Ivan the great had ?
Expanding
107
Between 1462 - 1505 Ivan the great _____________ and ____________.
Bought much of northern Russia
Recovered Russian territories that had fallen to the neighboring Slavs
108
Ivan the great tried to limit the power of __________.
Landowning nobles
109
Who did Ivan the great marry ?
What did he do after he married ?
The niece of the last Byzantine emperor
Adapted Byzantine court rituals
110
What did Ivan The great use as his symbol ?
Double headed eagle
111
Ivan the great took the title of _______ which means ______.
Czar
Caesar
112
Who built the framework for absolute power ?
Ivan the great
113
Ivan the great was also Ivan the _____ (#) ?
3
| III
114
Who further centralized royal power after Ivan the great ?
Ivan the Terrible
115
Ivan the terrible was also Ivan the _____ (#) ?
IV
4
116
How was Ivan the terrible related to Ivan the great?
He was his grandson
117
What did Ivan the terrible do to get people to serve in the military ?
Granted land to nobles in return they would serve
118
Ivan the Terrible introduced new laws that ________.
Tied Russian serfs to the land
119
In what year did Ivan the Terrible become increasingly unstable?
1560
120
During one of Ivan the terrible's fits of rage he __________.
Killed his own son
121
He organized the ________. (Group of people)
Oprichniki
122
What was the oprichniki ?
Agents of terror who enforced the czars will
123
How did the oprichniki look ?
Black robes
Rode on black horses
124
What did the oprichniki do ?
Slaughtered people and sacked towns suspected of disloyalty
125
When did Ivan the Terrible die ?
1584
126
What are 3 ruins that plunged Russia into a period of disorder ?
1. Disputes over succession
2. Peasant uprisings
3. Foreign invasions
127
In what century was Russia an emerging power ?
1600's
