Practice Mgmt_Most common US Drugs Flashcards
What is Tylenol?
Acetaminophen - It is analgesic and antipyretic, but is not anti-inflammatory. (because it is not an NSAID). Mechanism is unclear, but it is active in the brain, where it centrally affects pain and fever. It modulates the cannabinoid system.
Max dose: 4g
Risk:
* Liver toxicity. Avoid in alcoholics.
* Stevens-Johnson syndrome
* Toxic epidermal necrolysis
What are the NSAIDS? What are the two types?
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Example: Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).
They are anti-pyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory.
* Non-selective: Block the Cox-1 and Cox-2 pathways. GI ulcer risk.
* Selective: Blocks Cox-2 pathway. Less GI issues, but more heart issues because it promotes thromolysis (platelet aggregations).
Risk: Avoid if:
* History of GI ulcers
* Severe liver disease
* Severe kidney disease
* High BP - may elevate blood pressures slightly.
If a patient wants to take both aspirin and ibuprofen, when should they be taken?
Because the patient may need to prevent platelet problems:
* Take aspirin first, then ibuprofen 30 mins later
* Or, take ibuprofen first, then wait 8 hours before taking aspirin.
What are the types of corticosteroids?
Mineralcorticoids: Regulate the electrolytes and water balance.
Glucocorticoids: affect carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, and have antiinflammatory, immunosuppressive, antiproliferative, and vasoconstrictive effects. Example: Cortisol. The body produces 15-30 mg of cortisol naturally every day.
What are the 3 opioid receptor types?
mu, kappa, delta
mu - the main one. Responsible for analgesia, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, constipation
kappa - dysphoria via reduction in dopamine release
delta - hallucinogenic , decreased gastrointestinal secretions
What medications combine tylenol with an opioid?
Tylenol No. 1: 7.5 mg codeine + 300 mg acetaminophen
Tylenol No. 2: 15 mg codeine + 300mg acetaminophen
Tylenol No. 3: 30 mg codeine + 300mg acetaminophen
Tylenol No. 4: 60mg codeine + 300 mg acetaminophen
What is Atorvastatin?
**HMG-coA Reductase Inhibitor. **
Inhibits HMG-coA reductase, leading to reduced conc. of intracellular cholesterol.
-Monitor blood sugar (if diabetic)
-Side effects: Diarrhea, joint pain
(neuromuscular)
Pregnancy category X
Dosage: 10-20 mg/x1 a
day on average
Example: Lipitor
What is Levothyroxine?
Levothyroxine. For Hypothyroidism
Is a synthetic form of the T4 hormone; is converted to T3 in the body.
Alters DNA transcription in the nucleus.
Pregnancy category A
*No adverse effects reported in dentistry
Dosage: 100-125 mcg/x1 a
day on average
Examples: Synthroid, Levoxyl
What is Metformin?
Metformin. Affects metabolism and mitochondria in the liver. For TYPE 2 Diabetes, polycystic ovaries, losing weight.
Pregnancy Category: B
*Taste disorders
*Morning appointments are
recommended
*GI and Diarrhea (ADR)
Dosage: 500-1000 mg/x2 a
day on average
Examples: Fortamet, Glucophage
What is Lisinopril?
Lisinopril. ACE inhibitor (preventing conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II) for Antihypertensive treatment.
Pregnancy Category:D
*Xerostomia, Cough, dyspepsia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, orthostatic hypotension
Dosage: 10 mg/x1 a day
on average
Examples: Prinivil, Zestril
What is amlodipine?
Amlodipine. Dihydropyridine Calcium antagonist
Pregnancy Category: C
*Gingival hyperplasia
*Xerostomia
*Orthostatic hypotension
3% have drug-induced
gingival enlargement
(Seymour 1996)
Dosage: 5 mg/x1 a day
Examples: Norvasc, Katerzia
What is metropolol?
Metoprolol.
Beta-Blocker (Beta-1 selective)
for Hypertension (second line), angina, heart failure with reduced ejection fracture, MI
Pregnancy Category: C
*Xerostomia
*Dysgeusia
*Nausea
Dosage: 100 mg/x1 a day
Examples: Lopressor, Taprolol
What is albuterol?
Albuterol. Beta-2 agonist delivered via Inhaler for asthma.
Pregnancy Category: C
Bronchodilator
*Glossitis
*Sinusiti
*Xerostomia
Dosage: 2.5 mg in Nebulizer (x3/x4) times
Examples: ProAir, Ventolin, Proventil
What is omeprazole?
Omeprazole
Specific inhibition of the H+/K+-ATPase system. It is a Proton Pump Inhibitor used for GERD, peptic ulcers.
Pregnancy Category: C
*Side effects: Abdominal pain and
diarrhea (Clostridium Difficile)
*Low Mg levels for > 3 months
*Bone pain
*Dry mouth
Example: Prilosec
What is losartan?
Losartan. Angiotensin II Receptor
Blocker for Hypertension, Kidney function protection in DM patients.
*High levels of potassium (lightheaded, feeling weak)
* Hoarseness
* Candidiasis
Pregnancy Category: D
Dosage: 20-40mg/x1 a
day on average
Example: Cozaar
What is Gabapentin?
Gabapentin. Supplements GABA for people deficient in it (like Parkinson’s disease). Anticonvulsant for Seizures, Postherpetic Neuralgia. Pregnancy Category: C
*-Anxiety
*-Unsteadiness
*-Memory problems
*-Nausea
*-Dry mouth
*-Swelling of the hands, feet and
ankles
*-Fever
Dosage: 300 mg/x3 a day
on average
Examples: Gralise, Neurontin
What is HCTZ?
Hydrochlorothiazide.
Is a thiazide loop diuretic (works in the distal convoluted tubule to prevent sodium reuptake into the bloodstream),
Pregnancy Category: B
*Orthostatic Hypotension
*Edema
*Diabetes Insipidus
*Prophylaxis of renal calculus
formation Dosage: 25-100mg/x1day
What is Sertraline?
Sertraline. Is an SSRI (serotonin reuptake inhibitor) for Depression, Anxiety, PTSD.
Pregnancy Category: C
*-Dry mouth
*-Forgetfulness
*-Fast heart beat
*-Prolonged bleeding (if taken with anti-coagulants)
Dosage: 25mg - 50mg/x1 a
day on average
Example: Zoloft
What is Simvastatin?
Simvstatin. Is an HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor for treating Hypercholesterolimia.
Pregnancy Category: X
*-Monitor blood sugar (if
diabetic)
*-Side effects: Diarrhea, joint pain
(neuromuscular)
Dosage: 20-40mg/x1 a
day on average
Examples: Flolipid, Zocor
What is Montelukast?
Montelukast. Inhibits cysteine leukotriene receptor. Used for Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma.
Pregnancy Category: B
*Not FDA approved to reverse
asthma attack
*Dental Pain reported
Example: Singulair
Dosage: 10 mg/x1 a day
on average
What is Escitalopram?
Escitalopram. Is an SSRI for Generalized Anxiety Disorders.
Pregnancy category: C
*-Dry mouth
*-Forgetfulness
*-Fast heart beat
*-Not taken with MAO inhibitors
Dosage: 10 mg/x1 a day
on average
Example: Lexapro
What is Acetaminophen-Hydrocodone?
Acetaminophen-Hydrocodone. “Vicodin”. Analgesic with opioid.
-
Vicodin: 2.5 mg hydrocodone/ 300 mg
acetaminophen -
Vicodin ES: 7.5 mg hydrocodone/ 300 mg
acetaminophen -
Vicodin HP:10 mg hydrocodone/ 300 mg
acetaminophen
*Should monitor INR if taken with
warfarin and for longer than 10 14 days.
Pregnancy Category: C
What is Rosuvastatin?
Rosuvastatin: HMG CoA reductase for the treatment of Hypercholesterolemia. Pregnancy Category: X
*-Monitor blood sugar (if
diabetic)
*-Side effects: Diarrhea, joint pain
(neuromuscular)
Route: PO
Dosage: 5-40mg/x1 a day
on average
Example: Crestor
What is Buproprion?
Buproprion. Is a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Treats Bipolar disorder and helps with Smoking cessation.
Pregnancy Category B
*restlessness, activation,
tremors, insomnia and nausea
*Suicide risk for those who are
using it for smoking cessation
Dosage: 100mg/x3 a day
on average (depression)
Example: Wellbutrin. Zymban SR
What is Furosemide?
Furosemide. Is a Loop Diuretic that works in the distal convoluting tuble to prevent sodium reabsorption into the blood. Used for treatment of Edema, Heart Failure.
Pregnancy Category: C
*Adverse reactions include:
Endocrine , may cause
dehydration
Dosage: 20-80mg a day
on average
Example: Lasix
What is pantoprazole?
Pantoprazole. Is a Proton Pump Inhibitor used to treat GERD.
Pregnancy Category: C
*Facial Edema
*Xerostomia
Dosage: 40mg/x1 a day
on average
Example: Protonix
