Jad_Local factors Flashcards
Who proved that the primary etiology of periodontitis is dysbiotic biofilm and excessive immune response in a susceptible host?
Hajishengallis ‘15
What is the prevalence of the palatoradicular groove?
Kogon ‘86: ** 4.6%**
Goon classification:
Mild: ends at or just after CEJ
Moderate: extends to some dist. along the root
Complex: extends along entire root length
How common are CEP’s in the Egyptian and the Asian populations? Describe the % of CEP’s for each molar type.
**Bissada & Abdelmalek ‘73: **
Overall: 8.6%
* 2nd mandibular molar: 15%
* 2nd maxillary molar: 9%
* 1st mandibular molar: 8%
* 1st maxillary molar: 3%
Hou & Tsai ‘87:
* 1st mandibular molar: 74%
* 1st maxillary molar: 62%
* 2nd mandibular and maxillary molars: ~50%
Describe how to classify CEP’s
Master & Hoskins ‘64:
Grade 0 : none
Grade 1: slight projection of enamel
Grade 2: approaching furcation, but not inside
Grade 3: goes inside the furcation
What 2 landmark studies proved that calculus is not the primary etiology of periodontal disease?
Listgarten & Ellegaard ‘73: (Listerine) Calculus sterilized by chlorhexidine allows normal attachment. (Histologic monkey study; Has not been replicated since)
Allen & Kerr ‘65: Injected sterile vs. nonsterile calculus into guinea pigs. The sterile calculus had only a mild foreign body reaction, whereas the nonsterile one had significant inflammation and infection
What is the prevalence of Enamel pearls?
Moskow & Canut ‘90: 2.6%
Describe the depth and percentages of root concavities in molars and premolars.
These studies only looked at 1st molars and premolars.
Bower ‘79b:
Maxillary 1st molar: (% prevalence / mm depth)
MBu: (94% / 0.3)
DBu: (31% / 0.1)
P: (17% / 0.1)
Mandibular 1st molar: (% prevalence / mm depth)
M: (100% / 0.7)
D: (99% / 0.5)
Booker & Loughlin ‘85:
Maxillary 1st premolar mesial side:
Single rooted: (100% / 0.35 mm)
Double rooted: (100% / 0.44 mm)
What are the average openings of the furcation entrances and why is this important?
Bower ‘79:
81% of furcations is ≤1mm wide
58% is ≤ 0.75 mm wide
This means curettes can’t easily access furcations
What are the prevalences of bifurcation ridges in 1st mandibular molars? HOW LOW YOUR OXYGEN CAN GO BEFORE YOU FAINT ON THE MOUNTAIN
The study only looked at 1st mandibular moalrs
Everett ‘58: 73% prevalence
How do you classify root trunk lengths?
Ochsenbein ‘86:
Short: Type A
Medium: Type B
Long: Type C
Maxillary molar: 3 / 4 / 5mm is Type A / B/ C
Mandibular molar: 2 / 3 / 4 mm is Type A / B / C
Maxillary molars typically have longer root trunks than Mandibular ones.
What are the average furcation depths in maxillary molars? hint: YOU ARE SICK OF MEMORIZING the 3 furcations!
Dunlap & Gher ‘85:
Maxillary molars (Mesial / buccal / distal): 3.6, 4.2, 4.8 mm
(Start with 3.6 and add 0.6 each time)
What are the average furcation depths in mandibular molars? WHAT GPA DO YOU WANT TO GET INTO PERIO!
Mandelaris ‘98:
Mandibular molars (Lingual / buccal): 4.1, 3.1
Buccal is shallower than the lingual for the mandibular molars.
What are the average furcation depths for maxllary 1st premolars?
King of Fracture
Booker & Loughlin ‘85: (mesial): 7.9 mm
Joseph ‘96: (mesial / distal): 7.9 mm, 7.6 mm
How common are accessory canals in molars? What about for all teeth in general? HE ATE TOO MUCH!
Gutmann ‘78: looked at extracted molars
28.4% - average prevalence of accessory canals in all molars
29.4% - mandibular molars
27.4% - maxillary molars
De Deus ‘75: For all extracted teeth : 27.4% prevalence of accessory canals.
What are the predisposing factors for cemental tears? What are the signs?
Lin ‘11:
* Type of tooth (more common in incisors)
* Older men > 60 years of age
Signs of cemental tears: Radiographic appearance, abscess formation, deep PD >6mm, presence of heavy attrition. Tooth is usually vital.