Practice Methods (Book 3) Flashcards
What is whole practice?
(Characteristics)
This is where a skill is learned in its complete form. Its not broken into sub routines. And attempted in its entirety.
What are the advantages to whole practice?
It gives an entire view of skill
It saves time
Helps to link sub routines
Good for kinasthetic development
Good for simple skills
Good for high organisation skills
What are the disadvantages of whole practice?
Difficult to learn
Lots of information to process
Can be unsafe
Failure can be demotivating for performers
What is an example of whole practice being used?
Practicing the golf swing for the action to be effective, the action as a whole must be practiced because each part of the swing interacts closely with the next
What is part practice?
(Characteristics)
This is when the skill is broken into sub routines and are practiced separately then put back together again
What are the advantages of part practice?
Gives early success
Raises confidence
Motivates
Safer
Helps understanding
Good for closed skills
Good for low organisational skills
What are the disadvantages to part practice?
It is more time consuming than whole practice
Limits awareness of overall skill
Gives limited kinaesthetic development
Un suitable for high organisational skills
What is an example of using part practice? (Tennis)
When practicing the backswing of a tennis serve, you might practice the backswing action first then after this practice the backswing and hitting the ball
What is whole part whole practice?
(Characteristics)
This is where the whole skill is practiced then it is split into its sub routines and practiced individually. Then practice the whole skill again.
What are the advantages of using the whole part whole practice method?
Enables entire skill to be practiced
Allows weak parts of sub routines to be isolated and then identified
Flexible method for all abilities
Good for low organisation + serial skills
What are the disadvantages of using whole part whole practice?
Lots of information to process this can cause an overload
Can be demotivating to return to sub routines
Unsuitable for skills of high organisation
What is an example of whole part whole practice being used?
In basket ball a coach allows a performer to try and complete a whole lay up. Then the coach gives feedback then isolates the run up and take off as separate parts of the whole skill. The players then practice these parts of the skill separately before putting them together to perform the the complete lay up.
The same process can be applied to triple jump
What is the progressive part method?
(Characteristics)
This is where part of the skill is practiced separately then combined into bigger parts until the whole skill is achieved.
Eg A-B-AB-C-ABC-D-ABCD
What is the progressive part method?
(Characteristics)
This is where part of the skill is practiced separately then combined into bigger parts until the whole skill is achieved.
Eg A-B-AB-C-ABC-D-ABCD
What are the advantages of using progressive part method?
Quicker than part practice
Gives chance to recap
Kinesthesis developed more effectively than with part method
Good for low organisational skills
What are the disadvantages of the progressive practice method?
It takes time
Limited awareness of overall skill
The transfer to whole skill may remain difficult
Unsuitable for skills which are high organisation
What is an example of the progressive part method?
In breaststroke the leg action is a separate movement movement to the arm action. If they are practiced independently then the attention demands are simpler. Once learned the two skills can then be bought together so that the timing between the two can be developed.
What is massed practice?
(Characteristics)
This is continuous practice,it is very short and there are no rest periods.
What are the advantages of using massed practice?
Ideal for discrete skills
Good for simple or short duration skills
Good for the autonomous phase
Good for experienced performer
Good for motivated performers
Good for developing fitness
What are the disadvantages of using massed practice?
Can be tiring
Can be boring
Can cause a lack of motivation
Errors could be increased due to the continuous nature
What is distributed practice?
(Characteristics)
Relatively long rests between trials.
Rest can be both related and unrated to the activity.
Some performers use rest periods for mental rehearsal.
What are the advantages of using distributed practice?
Ideal for high energy continuous skills.
Good for complex dangerous skills.
Good for learners at the cognitive stage of learing, or performers who are less fit.
Considered more effective than massed practice.
What are the disadvantages of using distributed practice?
Disjointed activity may hinder or disrupt learing.
Can be hard to regain intensity after periods of rest.
What is an example of a training type which uses distributed practice?
Interval training
What is fixed practice?
(Characteristics)
High repetition of the same skill / drill
What are the advantages of using fixed practice?
Ideal for closed skills
Good for the cognitive phase of learning
Helps to develop motor programmes
Can help to perfect a skill
Helps to overlearn a skill - improves kinesthesis
What are the disadvantages of using fixed practice?
Doesn’t prepare for game like situation
Not suitable for open skills
May become boring
Could lead to injurys and areas are being overused
Can cause a lack of motivation
What is an example of fixed practice being used?
(Badminton)
A badminton player repeatedly practicing the flick serve into an opponents service box
What is varied practice?
(Characteristics)
Practice will involve different situations so that the performer can draw from long term memory.
Has the focus on only one skill
What are the advantages of using varied practice?
Ideal for open skills
Good for performers at the autonomous stage of learning
Stimulates interest and motivation
Can help transfer of training
Mimics game like situations
What are the disadvantages of using varied practice?
Can be confusing for learners
To many stimuli could lead to information overload
Effective motor programme may not be developed
