Practice Final Qs Flashcards
In what situations would you expect the renin angiotensin system to be activated?
A. low blood pressure
B. low extra-cellular fluid volume
C. low plasma Na+
D. all of the above
D. all of the above
Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor that influences energy intake?
A. food availability
B. leptin
C. portion sizes
D. dietary diversity
E. food composition
B. leptin
Obesity class II is defined as a BMI of…
A. 30-35
B. 35-39.9
C. 40-45
D. >45
B. 35-39.9
Why might sugar-sweetened beverages, such as soft drinks, be associated with increased risk
for weight gain?
A. People may drink more soft drinks due to their addictive properties
B. The soft drinks replace water in fluid consumption, making GI tract function slower
C. Soft drinks may replace water consumption, leading to dehydration and
compensatory over eating
D. People are often not aware of the kcal they are drinking, so they do not compensate
by eating less
E. Soft drinks do not contain fiber, which makes the emptying of the GI tract faster
D. People are often not aware of the kcal they are drinking, so they do not compensate
by eating less
Which of the following is TRUE:
A. BMI is not used as an indicator for children, as adiposity in childhood does not correlate with adiposity in adulthood
B. BMI-for-age percentiles are used to assess adiposity in childhood, with ≥ 85th percentile considered overweight and ≥ 95th percentile considered obese
C. BMI-for-age percentiles are used to assess adiposity in childhood, with ≥ 75th percentile considered overweight and ≥ 85th percentile considered obese
D. In children under the age of 19 yrs, a BMI of 23 kg/m2 is considered overweight,
regardless of age
B. BMI-for-age percentiles are used to assess adiposity in childhood, with ≥ 85th percentile considered overweight and ≥ 95th percentile considered obese
Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for diabetes? Choose all that apply:
A. pre-diabetes
B. age
C. obesity
D. physical inactivity
E. certain ethnicities
F. family history of diabetes
A. pre-diabetes
C. obesity
D. physical inactivity
Mr. Rich has had his glycated hemoglobin level measured twice. The doctor said it is significantly elevated. Based on this you would classify Mr Rich as:
A. Having anemia
B. Having coronary heart disease
C. Having diabetes
C. Having diabetes
______ are the cells involved in bone formation.
A. osteoclast
B. osteoblast
C. trabecular
D. cortical
E. A & B are correct
B. osteoblast
The development of the “fetal origins hypothesis” has been attributed to:
A. Barker
B. Agouti
C. Baker
D. World Health Organization
E. American Society of Obstetrics
F. Health Canada
A. Barker
An infant born with a low birth weight….
A. weighs <3.5 kg at birth
B. may be small for its gestational age (SGA)
C. is at decreased risk of death in first year
D. is also preterm (<37 weeks)
B. may be small for its gestational age (SGA)
According to the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis, which of the following
may lead to increased risk of chronic disease in the offspring?
A. maternal deficiency of B vitamins
B. inadequate maternal intake of protein and essential amino acids
C. maternal over-nutrition
D. maternal under-nutrition
E. gestational diabetes
F. all of the above
F. all of the above
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Probiotics are substrates for gut bacterial fermentation.
B. Short-chain fatty acids formed during gut bacterial fermentation affect the brain function
and as such regulate appetite and metabolism.
C. Methyl donor deficient diet leads to dysmorphic small intestinal crypts but does not
affect diversity of gut microbiota.
D. Non-fermentable fiber increases production of short-chain fatty acids by gut bacteria
B. Short-chain fatty acids formed during gut bacterial fermentation affect the brain function
and as such regulate appetite and metabolism.
. The leading cause of deaths in Canada is:
A. Heart disease
B. Cancer
C. Diabetes
D. Accident and suicide
E. Respiratory diseases
B. Cancer
Which of the following statements appropriately describes the difference between benign and
malignant tumors?
A. Benign tumor cells cannot invade and spread to other parts of the body like malignant
tumor cells do
B. Benign tumor cells cannot proliferate as fast as malignant tumor cells
C. Benign and malignant tumor cells can proliferate and spread to other parts of the body at
a similar rate
D. Only malignant tumor cells bear gene mutations
A. Benign tumor cells cannot invade and spread to other parts of the body like malignant
tumor cells do
Vitamin D and _________ complex binds to ____________ and regulates _____________ ,
which is a possible mechanism of protective effects of Vitamin D in cardiovascular disease.
A. Vitamin E, DNA, gene expression
B. receptor, DNA, gene expression
C. receptor, cell surface, cellular uptake
D. Vitamin E, cell surface, cellular uptake
B. receptor, DNA, gene expression
- Ketogenic diet contains 75% of ___________ and only 5% of ___________ and is approved in
treatment of ___________.
A. Fats, carbohydrates, epilepsy
B. Proteins, carbohydrates, epilepsy
C. Proteins, carbohydrates, Alzheimer
D. Fats, proteins, Alzheimer
A. Fats, carbohydrates, epilepsy
T/F: Hypertension is a global health concern
True
T/F: There is good evidence that sodium intakes are directly related to blood
pressure.
True
T/F: Visceral fat is more harmful than subcutaneous fat.
True
T/F: J-shaped association between sodium intake and cardiovascular disease or
death has been shown in many studies.
True
T/F: Obesity increases risk for multiple chronic diseases, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke, some types of cancers, osteoarthritis,
sleep apnea, reproductive problems, gall stones and non-alcoholic fatty liver.
True
T/F: Ghrelin is a peptide that inhibits appetite.
False, Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates appetite, so called “hunger hormone” released by the
stomach.
T/F: A high fat diet may be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes
False, The type of fat (quality of fat) in the diet may be more important than the total amount of fat
T/F: Osteoporosis increases risk for fractures, particularly in hip, spine and
leg.
False, False – hip, spine and wrist (trabecular bones with fast turnover)
