Practice Exam questions Flashcards
Why do we consider water to be a polar molecule?
oxygen has the stronger electronegativity in water
What is matter?
Something that takes up space and has mass
What are the elements of life?
CHONP
What is the polarity?
e- are shared unequally (partial charge)
A phospholipid is more liquid at room temp. Is it more saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated
Do unsaturated phospholipids have double bonds?
Unsaturated lipids have double bonds. Saturated have single bonds.
What is a dehydration reaction?
The removal of H + OH creates a new bond between molecules causing a polymer to form.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
The splitting of H20 causes a polymer to break
What is a peptide bond?
A bond between amino acids that create proteins
What are the levels of protein structure?
Primary:
Secondary:
Tertiary:
Quaternary: Multiple tertiary structures folded together
What is the structure of phospholipids?
2 fatty acid chains, phosphate group, and glycerol molecule.
What does amphipathic mean?
The ability to be hydrophobic (phospholipid tail) and hydrophilic (phospholipid head)
What is true about the diffusion of molecules across a membrane without using proteins for help?
Passive Transport: Must move down the gradient, must not have charge
Where is DNA found in a cell?
Most are found in the Nucleus and some is found in the mitochondria
What is active transport?
When ATP and protein are needed to assist molecules across the membrane (molecule has a charge)
Why are redox reactions used in cellular respiration?
To create high-energy electron carriers to make an electrochemical gradient
What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic processes?
Catabolic breakdown, Anabolic put together
What is the purpose of enzymes?
To lower the activation energy
Where does the Kreb cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
Where do light-independent reactions occur?
Stoma of chloroplast
What do the light-dependent reactions do?
capture light, make atp, occurs in the thylakoid membranes
What do light-independent reactions do?
assemble CO2 into glucose, occurs in the stoma of the chloroplast
If thymine is 24% in the genome what are the rest of the percent?
A 24%, C 26%, G26%
What is the structure of a nucleic acid?
