Practice Exam (Exam 2) (From Fall 2023)

Question 1

1. Frederick Griffith’s experiment showed that

a. DNA is the transforming material of genetic information.
b. RNA is the transforming material of genetic information.
c. Proteins are the transforming material of genetic information.
d. Lipids are the transforming material of genetic information
e. None of the above.

Answer 1

e. None of the above.

Question 2

2. What are the basic sequence signals in pre-mRNA that define the splice sites during the splicing process (Y stands for any pyrimidine)?

a. TATAAT, TTGACAT
b. GGGAA, YYYY
c. YAG, TATAAT, GCGCGC
d. Introns and Exons
e. GUAUGU, UACUAAC, YAG, YYYY

Answer 2

e. GUAUGU, UACUAAC, YAG, YYYY

Question 3

3. DNA is made of what three components?

a. phosphate, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases
b. phosphate, ribose, and four nitrogenous bases
c. phosphate, ribose, and four proteins
d. phosphate, deoxyribose, and four proteins

Answer 3

a. phosphate, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases

Question 4

4. Why is DNA replication considered semiconservative?

a. The parent DNA double helix is conserved.
b. Two new strands are produced in each DNA double helix.
c. Each new double helix conserves only one of the original strands.
d. The double helix is 100% identical to the original DNA double helix.
e. The process occurs in cells of both Republicans and Democrats.

Answer 4

c. Each new double helix conserves only one of the original strands.

Question 5

5. Which of the following is not involved with splicing?

a. U1
b. U2
c. U3
d. U4
e. U5

Answer 5

c. U3

Question 6

6. What is necessary for DNA polymerase to begin DNA replication?

a. promoter site
b. reverse transcriptase
c. leading strand
d. Okazaki fragments
e. primer

Answer 6

e. primer

Question 7

7. Which of the following is NOT composed of both RNA and protein

a. rRNA
b. tRNA
c. U1
d. Telomerase
e. None of the above

Answer 7

b. tRNA

Question 8

9. Who won the Nobel Prize for deciphering the molecular structure of DNA and suggesting a mechanism for copying genetic material?

a. Rosalind Franklin and Francis Crick
b. Federick Griffith
c. Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins
d. Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty
e. Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Linus Pauling

Answer 8

c. Francis Crick, James Watson and Maurice Wilkins

Question 8

8. How does the β clamp enhance the activity of DNA polymerase III?

a. It tethers and secures the attachment of DNA polymerase III to DNA.
b. It produces the primer necessary for DNA replication.
c. It converts DNA polymerase III into a ligase enzyme.
d. It tethers and secures the attachment of DNA polymerase III to RNA
e. None of the above.

Answer 8

a. It tethers and secures the attachment of DNA polymerase III to DNA.

Question 9

10. Which of the following statement is true about the structure of B-DNA

a. shaped with a left-handed helix
b. has a diameter of 10 Angstroms
c. has a pitch of about 3.4 Angstroms
d. has base pairing of A-G and T-C.
e. None of the above are true.

Answer 9

e. None of the above are true.

Question 9

11. What is the DNA template sequence from 5’ to 3’ direction that would give rise to the following mRNA sequence?
    5’- GGUGACUUCCAGGACCAU -3’

a. 5’- GGTGACTTCCAGGACCAT-3’
b. 5’- CCACTGAAGGTCCTGGTA-3’
c. 5’- TACCAGGACCTTCAGTGG-3’
d. 5’- ATGGTCCTGGAAGTCACC-3’
e. 5’- AUGGUCCUGGAAGUCACC-3’

Answer 9

d. 5’- ATGGTCCTGGAAGTCACC-3’

Question 10

12. Which one of these sequences is found in the promoter site (about -10 from the transcriptional start site) of prokaryotic genes and is essential for proper transcription?

a. 5’-GCGCAAA-3’
b. 5’-GAGAAT-3’
c. 5’-TTTAAAA-3’
d. 5’-TATAAT-3’
e. None of the above

Answer 10

d. 5’-TATAAT-3’

Question 11

13. Chargaff’s rules do NOT hold for which of the following genome types?

A) yeast
B) bacteria
C) invertebrates
D) Archaeobacteria
E) single-stranded DNA virus

Answer 11

E) single-stranded DNA virus

Question 12

14. Of the three key building blocks of DNA, which type(s) of building block is/are negatively charged and oriented on the outside of the double helical structure?

A) phosphate
B) deoxyribose
C) nitrogenous bases
D) both phosphate and nitrogenous bases
E) All of the answer options are correct.

Answer 12

A) phosphate

Question 13

15. When comparing the three key models of DNA replication, the model that included the synthesis of a brand new double-stranded DNA molecule from an original molecule was named:

A) dispersive replication.
B) conservative replication.
C) semiconservative replication.
D) liberal replication.
E) None of the answer options are correct.

Answer 13

B) conservative replication.

Question 14

16. Template strand DNA and encoded RNA are:

A) complimentary of one another with antiparallel orientation.
B) complimentary of one another but share the same 5′–3′ orientation.
C) identical sequences with the exception of U substituted for T.
D) different with regard to the inclusion of introns.
E) interconverted via nucleic acid remodeling.

Answer 14

A) complimentary of one another with antiparallel orientation.

Question 15

17. If the DNA template 5′-ATGCATGC-3′ were transcribed to RNA, the RNA would read:

A) 3′ TACGTACG 5′.
B) 5′ AUGCAUGC 3′.
C) 5′ UACGUACG 5′.
D) 5′ATGCATGC 3′.
E) 3′ UACGUACG 5′.

Answer 15

E) 3′ UACGUACG 5′.

Question 16

18. The -10 and the -35 boxes found in bacterial gene promoters function to:

A) recruit DNA polymerase activity for DNA replication before cell division.
B) activate transcription at the -35 region of a gene.
C) orient RNA polymerase at a gene’s transcription start site.
D) identify the boundaries between introns and exons.
E) identify the boundaries for DNA unwinding during transcription.

Answer 16

C) orient RNA polymerase at a gene’s transcription start site.

Question 17

19. ________________ fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides (approximately 150 to 200 base pairs)
    which are synthesized discontinuously and later linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase to create the lagging strand during DNA replication.

A) Kawaski
B) Sazuki
C) Toyota
D) Okazaki
E) None of the above

Answer 17

D) Okazaki

Question 18

20. The RNA polymerase binding to a promoter requires the complex formation of

A) a2 bb’ws70
B) a2 b2 ws 70
C) a2 bb’ws70 + b clamp
D) aa’b2ws 70

Answer 18

A) a2 bb’ws70