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BYS (Genetics) > Ch 2 Slides (Exam 1) > Flashcards

Ch 2 Slides (Exam 1) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

All living organisms contain ____ material made of the nucleic acid ____. (Except ____)

A

Genetic; DNA; Viruses

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2
Q

An organism’s DNA, with its genes, is organized into ____.

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

In eukaryotes, two processes (____ and ____) are involved in ____ ____ of nucleated cells.

A

Mitosis; Meiosis; Genetic continuity

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4
Q

Mitosis leads to the production of ____ cells, each with the same number of ____ as the ____ cell (__n).

A

Two; Chromosomes; Parent; 2

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5
Q

Meiosis reduces ____ content and leads to production of ____ ____, which contains ____ the number of ____ (__n).

A

Genetic; Sex gametes; Half; Chromosomes; 1

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6
Q

Chromosomes are visible as ____ ____ during mitosis and meiosis.

A

Condensed structures

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7
Q

Uncoiled chromosomes, ____, form a diffuse network within the ____.

A

Chromatin; Nucleus

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8
Q

Prokaryotic cells are non____. Organisms include: ____ and ____.

A

Nonnucleated; Bacteria; Archaea

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9
Q

Eukaryotic cells are ____. Organisms include: ____, ____, ____, and ____.

A

Nucleated; Protists; Plants; Fungi; Animals

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10
Q

Cell ____ is closely tied to ____ function.

A

Structure; Function

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11
Q

____ ____ ____ allowed scientists to see the cell in its highly varied and organized structure.

A

Transmission electron microscopy

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12
Q

Cell components directly or indirectly involved with genetic processes are the ____, ____, and ____.

A

Nucleolus; Ribosome; Centriole

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13
Q

____ and ____ contain their own unique genetic information.

A

Mitochondria; Chloroplasts

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14
Q

A plasma membrane:
1. Defines cell ____.
2. ____ cell from its ____ environment.
3. Controls ____ of material ____ and ____ of cell.

A
  1. Boundary
  2. Delimits; External
  3. Movement; In; Out
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15
Q

Plant cells have a cell ____ and are composed of ____ (____).

A

Wall; Polysaccharide; Cellulose

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16
Q

Animal cells are surrounded by cell ____ (____), which is:
1. Made of ____ and ____.
2. Differs in chemical composition from ____ and ____.
3. Provides ____ identity at cell surface.
3a. Cell-surface markers ____, ____, and ____ antigens are found on _____ cells.
3b. Serve as ____ sites.

A

Coat; Glycocalyx
1. Glycoproteins; Polysaccharides
2. Plants; Bacteria
3. Biochemical
3a. AB; Rh; MN
3b. Recognition

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17
Q

Nucleus houses DNA complexed with ____ into thin fibers (____).

A

Proteins; Chromatin

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18
Q

The nucleolus is:
1. The location where ____ is synthesized and initially assembled.
2. ____ - portions of DNA that encode (previous answer).

A
  1. rRNA
  2. NOR (nucleolus organizer region)
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19
Q

Prokaryotes house their genetic material (long, ____ DNA molecule) in a ____.

A

Circular; Nucleoid

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20
Q

____ is the colloidal material which surrounds cellular organelles.

A

Cytosol

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21
Q

Microtubules made of protein ____.

A

Tubulin

21
Q

Microfilaments derived from protein ____.

A

Actin

21
Q

____ is made of micro____ and micro____, and provides lattice support for structures within a cell.

A

Cytoskeleton; Microtubules; Microfilaments

22
Q

Which organelle compartmentalizes cytoplasm and increases surface area?

A

Membranous Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

23
Q

____: site of lipid (fatty acid) synthesis.

A

Smooth ER

24
Q

____: studded with ____: site of protein synthesis.

A

Rough ER; ribosomes

25
Q

____: Site where genetic information in mRNA is translated to protein.

A

Ribosomes

26
Q

____: Site of oxidative phases of cell respiration and ____ synthesis.

A

Mitochondria; ATP

27
Q

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain ____ distinct from that found in the ____.

A

DNA; nucleus

28
Q

____: Cytoplasmic bodies located in the ____ and organize spindle fibers that function in mitosis and meiosis.

A

Centrioles; Centrosome

29
Q

____ ____ play an important role in movement of chromosomes as they separate during cell division.

A

Spindle fibers

30
Q

Spindle fibers are composed of ____ consisting of ____ of protein ____.

A

Microtubules; Polymers; Tubulin

31
Q

Locations of centromere:
1. ____: Centromere location in the middle.
2. ____: Centromere location between middle and end.
3. ____: Centromere location close to end.
4. ____: Centromere location at end.

A

Metacentric; Submetacentric; Acrocentric; Telocentric

32
Q

____ cells (____ cells) derived from the same species have the same number of chromosomes - ____ number (2n).

A

Somatic; Body; Diploid

33
Q

Chromosomes exist in ____. Each (previous answer) is called ____ ____.

A

Pairs; Homologous chromosomes

34
Q

____: Number of chromosomes (often image format)

A

Karyotype

35
Q

Genetic information in ____ set of chromosomes constitutes ____ of species.

A

Haploid; Genome

36
Q

Homologous chromosomes have ____ genetic similarities.
1. Identical ____ ____ along their lengths.
1a. Each site is called a ____ (plural: ____).

A

Identical; Gene sites; Locus; Loci

37
Q

____ Inheritance (____ organisms): Inheritance from two parents (ovum and sperm).
1. Each pair of ____ derived from each parent.
1a. Each ____ contains two copies of each gene.

A

Biparental; Diploid; Loci; Diploid

38
Q

____: alternative forms of the same gene.

A

Allele

39
Q

____-determining chromosomes are not ____.

A

Sex; Homologous

40
Q

Y chromosome lacks most gene ____ contained on X chromosome.

A

Loci

41
Q

In single-celled organisms, ____ serves as basis for asexual reproduction.

A

Mitosis

42
Q

____ is responsible for wound healing, cell replacement, and growth in multicellular organisms.

A

Mitosis

43
Q

____: Single-celled fertilized egg.

A

Zygote

44
Q

____: Genetic material evenly divided into two ____ cells during ____ division.

A

Karyokinesis; Daughter; Nuclear

45
Q

____: follows karyokinesis; ____ division (Partitions cellular volume into ____ parts and encloses each cell with a ____ membrane.

A

Cytokinesis; Cytoplasmic; Two; Plasma

46
Q

G1 and G2 occur in ____.
1. No ____ ____ occurs.
2. Phase of ____ activity and cell growth ____.

A

Cytoplasm; DNA synthesis; Metabolic; Differentiation

47
Q

By the end of ____, cell has doubled in size.

A

G2

48
Q

____: Point in G1 where cells withdraw from cell cycle and enter nondividing but ____ active state.

A

G0; Metabolically

49
Q
A

BYS (Genetics) (13 decks)

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