Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Psych/Soc > Practice Exam Cards > Flashcards

Practice Exam Cards Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Bystander effect

A

-as the number of people observing a situation INCREASE, the likelihood of that someone in need will receive assistance DECREASES -people will diffuse the responsibility amongst themselves to the point where no one ultimately acts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Folkways

A

conventional ways of acting within a certain culture

Violating them would make one look unusual, but the violation would not carry an official penalty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A

Avolition: the lack of motivation to initiate behavior

Alogia: poverty of speech

Thought disorder: disorganized thinking as evidenced by disorganized speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

split-half reliability

A

involves a multiple-item instrument and how well parts of it assess what is being measured compared to the whole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Compliance

A

the act of changing one’s behavior in the response to the request of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Master status

A

a social role that becomes more prominent than the other social roles that make up one’s identity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Replicability

A

the ability to obtain the same results under the same experimental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Altruism

A

refers to instances wherein an individual helps another despite incurring a risk/cost for helping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

normative social influence

A

occurs when people conform because they desire social acceptance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cultural capital

A

certain non-financial assets that promote or allow upward mobility in society ex. education, social graces, proper speech, specialized attire etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reciprocity

A

the social phenomenon in which people’s positive deeds put pressure on others to “return the favor”, such as with gift-giving. This phenomenon is so powerful that it is said to influence interactions between governments and is one of the motivations for extending international aid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dependent variable

A

variable of the experiment that is being measured, NOT manipulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

hippocampus

A

memory processes located here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inter-rater reliability

A

how well different raters match in their assessments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hypothalamus

A

associated with autonomic nervous system functions and hormonal processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

External Validity

A

the extent to which the results of an experiment can be generalized to other situations and to other people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Resource model of attention

A

states that human beings have a limited amount of resources for attention. Thus, if one wants to multitask, and the attentional needs exceed available resources, these tasks cannot be completed simultaneously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

social facilitation

A

people perform better on a task when others are watching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the Big Five personality traits?

A

Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

social comparison

A

the process of evaluating one’s opinion with regard to the opinion of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

social capital

A

the benefits of belonging to certain social networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

group polarization

A

a process by which the existing views of a group are strengthened during group discussion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Test-Retest Reliability

A

applies to test scores and assesses the degree to which they are consistent from one administration to the next

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

how stress and arousal affect performance; a moderate level of stress helps people the best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Escape Learning

A

when an individual learns a means of escaping an unpleasant stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory

A

posits that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theories because it encompasses attention, memory, and motivation

27
Q

mores

A

are formal norms that are very strictly enforced because they protect basic tenets of society

(e.g., treason violates mores of loyalty and patriotism)

28
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

mental stress or discomfort when an individuals ideas do not comport with his/her behavior, or do not comport with other ideas held by the individual

29
Q

Gentrification

A

The process through which deteriorated urban areas are rebuilt and become more upscale

30
Q

achieved status

A

a role that a person has taken on becuase of his/her own efforts

31
Q

construct validity

A

how well a test measures what it is expected to measure

32
Q

Positive Punishment

A

decreasing a behavior by following it with an undesirable or unpleasant stimulus

33
Q

symbolic capital

A

intangible assets such as prestige, honor, and recognition that help one advance within society

34
Q

informational influence

A

similar to groupthink in that ideas that come into group discussion are those that tend to favor the dominant viewpoint

35
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

the loss or inability to create new memories after the event that caused the amnesia, even though long term memory remains mostly in tact; usually due to damage to the hippocampus

36
Q

parietal lobe

A

Processes sensory information Taste touch temperature

37
Q

cerebellum

A

regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance

38
Q

Positive Reinforcement

A

Increase a behavior by following it with a desirable or pleasurable stimulus

39
Q

independent variable

A

the variable manipulated by the researcher

40
Q

Internal Validity

A

The extent to which a causal conclusion based upon the experiment is warranted

41
Q

confounding variable

A

a variable that the experimenter does not intentionally manipulate but which may vary with the independent variable and thus confuse the results of the study

42
Q

social reproduction

A

the processes through which social, cultural, and financial capital are transmitted generationally

43
Q

ascribed status

A

a role that is assigned to someone by society despite that person’s efforts to take on another role

44
Q

status symbol

A

a component of impression management and is generally an object that is displayed in order to effect a certain image

45
Q

complimentarity hypothesis

A

states that an individual will attract those whose needs are different in ways that complement the person’s own needs; it does not address internal conflict between behavior and ideas

46
Q

mindguarding

A

an aspect of groupthink, which is the phenomenon wherein group members censor dissenting opinions in order to rmaintain group harmony and avoid “rocking the boat”. In a groupthink situation, “mindguards” serve to shelter the group from controversial or potentially divisive information

47
Q

Informational social influence

A

occurs when people conform because they want to make ethically correct choices and also because they believe that others know more than they do

48
Q

Spreading Activation

A

method of searching associative networks, neural networks, or semantic networks

49
Q

serial position affect

A

improved memory for words at the beginning and at the end of a list

50
Q

Proactive interference

A

the interference of information from long term memory with new information

51
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

the tendency to favor information that confirms exsiting beliefs

52
Q

anomie

A
  • lack of the usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group
  • a lack of social norms, which leads to a breakdown in the connection between an individual and their community
53
Q

Spearman’s idea of intelligence

A
  • general intelligence or the g factor
  • used factor analysis to examine the results of mental aptitude tests
  • concluded that intelligence is a general cognitive ability that can be measured and quantified and numerically expressed
54
Q

Gardners theory of intelligence

A
  • a theory regarding the idea that people have 8 different types of intelligence that are based on different skills and abilities that are valued in different cultures
55
Q

Galton’s idea of hereditary genius

A

genius was passed down and diluted from generation to generation

56
Q

Binet’s idea of mental age

A

compares how a child performs intellectually compared to their age

57
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

motivation that occurs due to external factors rather than those based within the individual

58
Q

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development

A
59
Q

frustration-aggression hypothesis

A

a hypothesis that assumes that people will be more aggressive when they are frustrated

60
Q

James-Lange Theory of emotion

A

emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events

61
Q

George Herbert Mead the I and the Me

A

I: the response the the social self

Me: the social self

our self conception of ourself lies somewhere balanced in the middle

62
Q

social constructionism

A

a theory of knowledge in sociology and communication theory that examines the development of jointly constructed understandings of the world that form the basis for shared assumptions about reality

63
Q
A

MCAT Psych/Soc (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions