Practice exam Flashcards
What is not a complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?
a) death of a patient
b) rupture of the myocardial wall
c) lymphocytic myocarditis
d) arrhythmia
c) lymphocytic myocarditis
Annexin V binds to phosphatidylserine. Which cardiomyocytes bind annexing V?
a. apoptotic cardiomyocytes
b. necrotic cardiomyocytes
c. apoptotic and necrotic cardiomyocytes
d. annexin V does not bind to cardiomyocytes
c. apoptotic and necrotic cardiomyocytes
Which layers of the blood vessel increase during atherosclerosis?
a. intima
b. media
c. intima and media
d. neither leyer
a. intima
What are the two groups of acute leukemia?
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
2. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Why is a distinction made between the two groups of leukemias?
Because they have different therapies, prognosis, age and DNA alterations
Platelets are made from which cells?
a. macrophages
b. erythrocytes
c. megakaryocytes
d. bone marrow stromal cells
c. megakaryocytes
Which disease is a restrictive lung disease?
a. asbestosis
b. chronic bronschitis
c. asthma
d. emphysema
a. asbestosis (the others are obstructive!)
What is the hallmark of interstitial lung disease?
a. increased mucin production
b. stiffening of the lung
c. lymphoadenopathy
d. mast cell degranulation
b. stiffening of the lung
Wat is the mean survival time of someone with a small lung cell carcinoma WITHOUT treatment?
a. 2-4 months
b. 4-5 years
c. more than 10 years
a. 2-4 months
GI tumours comprise which percentage of all cancer related mortality?
a. 5%
b. 27%
c. 42%
d. 80%
b. 27%
What factors is related to the malignancy of adenomas?
Histological type, dysplasia, size, invasiveness, metastasis, genetic changes
What are the causes inflammation of gastric mucosa?
Bacterial infection, auto-immune diseases, alcohol, reflux bile acids, h. pylori
What are the first changes observed in gastric adenocarcinoma?
a. morphological changes
b. genomic changes
c. both
d. neither
a. morphological changes
Barrett’s oesophagus is…
intestinal metaplasia
What is the primary test in the screening program for cervical cancer?
a. colonscopic examination
b. HPV test
c. Cytology test
d. histology test
b. HPV test
What is the most common uterine tumour?
a. Leiomyoma
b. Leiomyosarcoma
c. Endometrial carcinoma
d. Endometriosis
a. Leiomyoma
What is the most common malignant uterine tumour?
a. endometrial strand cell sarcoma
b. Leiomyosarcoma
c. Endometrial carcinoma
d. Serous carcinoma
c. Endometrial carcinoma
What is ischemia?
Lack of blood supply (resulting in lack of oxygen)
Which cells make up the central nervous system?
Glia cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia), ependymal cells, neurones
Which protein accumulates in the neuritic plaque?
a. TDP-43
b. Amyloid beta
c. Alpha synuclein
b. amyloid beta
Which of the following hemorrhages occur outside of the brain parenchyma?
a. subarachnoid
b. subdural
c. epidural
d. all
e. none
d. all
Name any infectious agents that cause meningitis?
Bacteria (primarily), viruses and parasites
A tumour of the meninges is called
a. meningioma
b. glioma
c. carcionma
d. sarcoma
a. meningioma
Which brain structure is selectively vulnerable in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can be recognized by loss depigmentation?
a. hippocampus
b. putamen
c. cerebellum
d. substantia nigra
d. substantia nigra
Which cells produce the collagen that forms the cap of an atherosclerotic plaque?
a. Activated endothelial cells above the plaque
b. Smooth muscle cells from the media
c. Activated macrophages in the plaque
d. Fibrocytes from circulation
b. Smooth muscle cells from the media
What are the first visible abnormalities of atherosclerosis, the fatty streaks?
a. Accumulation of foam cells in the intima
b. Formation of collagen bundles in the intima
c. Platelet aggregates on activated endothelium
d. Accumulation of extracellular fat under the endothelium
a. Accumulation of foam cells in the intima
Which type of pericarditis is the most frequent?
a. Lipmann Sachs
b. Bacterial pericarditis
c. Viral pericarditis
d. Protozoal pericarditis
c. Viral pericarditis
In the chronic inflammatory phase, eg after a heart attack, granulation tissue is formed.
Name three different cells in this granulation tissue.
endothelial cells, fibroblasts and granulocytes
Which form of leukemia gives the largest splenic enlargement?
a. AML
b. CML
c. ALL
d. CLL
B CML (one kg or 2 kg is no exception))
The lymph node has a number of compartments.
Which compartment can you find in a reactive node?
a. White pulp, follicles
b. Paracortex, sinuses
c. Bodies of Hassal, periarteriolar lymphocyte cuffs
d. Follicles, red pulp
b. Paracortex, sinuses
Thymomas originate from …
a. the thymus epithelium
b. germ cells in the thymus
c. the lymphocytic compartment of the thymus
d. vessels in the thymus
a. the thymus epithelium
Why is an embolus blocking a lung vessel less likely to cause an infarction?
a. Timely vasoconstriction
b. Portal circulation
c. Dual vascular system of the lung
d. Alveolar space
c. Dual vascular system of the lung
What is the most common form of pneumonia?
a. TBC
b. Community acquired pneumonia
c. Nosocomical pneumonia
d. Aspiration pneumonia
b. Community acquired pneumonia
What is the name of the compression of lung tissue by, for example, fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity?
a. (Compression) atelectasis
b. Lung fibrosis
c. Pressure thrombosis
d. Pneumothorax
a. (Compression) atelectasis
Which gene is mutated early in colorectal carcinogenesis and also plays an important causal role in hereditary polyposis syndromes?
APC-gene
What are the names of the different wall layers of the colon (equal to stomach and small intestine).
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria en serosa.
Which cytological phenomenon is caused by an active HPV infection?
a. Reserve cell hyperplasia
b. Horn bead formation
c. Koilocytosis
d. HSIL
c. Koilocytosis
Which cancer syndrome is associated with endometrial carcinoma?
a. Hereditary non polyposis coli (Lynch syndrome)
b. Muir Torre syndrome
c. BRCA-1 mutation
d. Cronkite Canada syndrome
a. Hereditary non polyposis coli (Lynch syndrome)
Adenomyosis refers to a frequent disorder of the uterus. What is it?
a. infection of the endometrium
b. muscle cell tumor of the myometrium
c. occurence of endometrium in the muscle layer of the uterus, widening the uterine wall as a result
c. occurence of endometrium in the muscle layer of the uterus, widening the uterine wall as a result
Which two types of hemorrhages in the brain are most frequently seen during trauma?
a. epidural hemorrhage
b. subarachnoidal hemorrhage
c. subdural hemorrhage
d. intraparenchymal hemorrhage
a. epidural hemorrhage and c. subdural hemorrhage
Glioblastomas are common tumors in children in the posterior fossa
a. Correct
b. Incorrect
b. Incorrect
