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Pathology dt2 > Practice exam > Flashcards

Practice exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is not a complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?

a) death of a patient
b) rupture of the myocardial wall
c) lymphocytic myocarditis
d) arrhythmia

A

c) lymphocytic myocarditis

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2
Q

Annexin V binds to phosphatidylserine. Which cardiomyocytes bind annexing V?

a. apoptotic cardiomyocytes
b. necrotic cardiomyocytes
c. apoptotic and necrotic cardiomyocytes
d. annexin V does not bind to cardiomyocytes

A

c. apoptotic and necrotic cardiomyocytes

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3
Q

Which layers of the blood vessel increase during atherosclerosis?

a. intima
b. media
c. intima and media
d. neither leyer

A

a. intima

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4
Q

What are the two groups of acute leukemia?

A
  1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

2. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

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5
Q

Why is a distinction made between the two groups of leukemias?

A

Because they have different therapies, prognosis, age and DNA alterations

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6
Q

Platelets are made from which cells?

a. macrophages
b. erythrocytes
c. megakaryocytes
d. bone marrow stromal cells

A

c. megakaryocytes

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7
Q

Which disease is a restrictive lung disease?

a. asbestosis
b. chronic bronschitis
c. asthma
d. emphysema

A

a. asbestosis (the others are obstructive!)

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8
Q

What is the hallmark of interstitial lung disease?

a. increased mucin production
b. stiffening of the lung
c. lymphoadenopathy
d. mast cell degranulation

A

b. stiffening of the lung

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9
Q

Wat is the mean survival time of someone with a small lung cell carcinoma WITHOUT treatment?

a. 2-4 months
b. 4-5 years
c. more than 10 years

A

a. 2-4 months

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10
Q

GI tumours comprise which percentage of all cancer related mortality?

a. 5%
b. 27%
c. 42%
d. 80%

A

b. 27%

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11
Q

What factors is related to the malignancy of adenomas?

A

Histological type, dysplasia, size, invasiveness, metastasis, genetic changes

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12
Q

What are the causes inflammation of gastric mucosa?

A

Bacterial infection, auto-immune diseases, alcohol, reflux bile acids, h. pylori

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13
Q

What are the first changes observed in gastric adenocarcinoma?

a. morphological changes
b. genomic changes
c. both
d. neither

A

a. morphological changes

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14
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus is…

A

intestinal metaplasia

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15
Q

What is the primary test in the screening program for cervical cancer?

a. colonscopic examination
b. HPV test
c. Cytology test
d. histology test

A

b. HPV test

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16
Q

What is the most common uterine tumour?

a. Leiomyoma
b. Leiomyosarcoma
c. Endometrial carcinoma
d. Endometriosis

A

a. Leiomyoma

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17
Q

What is the most common malignant uterine tumour?

a. endometrial strand cell sarcoma
b. Leiomyosarcoma
c. Endometrial carcinoma
d. Serous carcinoma

A

c. Endometrial carcinoma

18
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Lack of blood supply (resulting in lack of oxygen)

19
Q

Which cells make up the central nervous system?

A

Glia cells (oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia), ependymal cells, neurones

20
Q

Which protein accumulates in the neuritic plaque?

a. TDP-43
b. Amyloid beta
c. Alpha synuclein

A

b. amyloid beta

21
Q

Which of the following hemorrhages occur outside of the brain parenchyma?

a. subarachnoid
b. subdural
c. epidural
d. all
e. none

A

d. all

22
Q

Name any infectious agents that cause meningitis?

A

Bacteria (primarily), viruses and parasites

23
Q

A tumour of the meninges is called

a. meningioma
b. glioma
c. carcionma
d. sarcoma

A

a. meningioma

24
Q

Which brain structure is selectively vulnerable in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can be recognized by loss depigmentation?

a. hippocampus
b. putamen
c. cerebellum
d. substantia nigra

A

d. substantia nigra

25
Q

Which cells produce the collagen that forms the cap of an atherosclerotic plaque?

a. Activated endothelial cells above the plaque
b. Smooth muscle cells from the media
c. Activated macrophages in the plaque
d. Fibrocytes from circulation

A

b. Smooth muscle cells from the media

26
Q

What are the first visible abnormalities of atherosclerosis, the fatty streaks?

a. Accumulation of foam cells in the intima
b. Formation of collagen bundles in the intima
c. Platelet aggregates on activated endothelium
d. Accumulation of extracellular fat under the endothelium

A

a. Accumulation of foam cells in the intima

27
Q

Which type of pericarditis is the most frequent?

a. Lipmann Sachs
b. Bacterial pericarditis
c. Viral pericarditis
d. Protozoal pericarditis

A

c. Viral pericarditis

28
Q

In the chronic inflammatory phase, eg after a heart attack, granulation tissue is formed.
Name three different cells in this granulation tissue.

A

endothelial cells, fibroblasts and granulocytes

29
Q

Which form of leukemia gives the largest splenic enlargement?

a. AML
b. CML
c. ALL
d. CLL

A 
B
CML (one kg or 2 kg is no exception))
30
Q

The lymph node has a number of compartments.
Which compartment can you find in a reactive node?
a. White pulp, follicles
b. Paracortex, sinuses
c. Bodies of Hassal, periarteriolar lymphocyte cuffs
d. Follicles, red pulp

A

b. Paracortex, sinuses

31
Q

Thymomas originate from …

a. the thymus epithelium
b. germ cells in the thymus
c. the lymphocytic compartment of the thymus
d. vessels in the thymus

A

a. the thymus epithelium

32
Q

Why is an embolus blocking a lung vessel less likely to cause an infarction?

a. Timely vasoconstriction
b. Portal circulation
c. Dual vascular system of the lung
d. Alveolar space

A

c. Dual vascular system of the lung

33
Q

What is the most common form of pneumonia?

a. TBC
b. Community acquired pneumonia
c. Nosocomical pneumonia
d. Aspiration pneumonia

A

b. Community acquired pneumonia

34
Q

What is the name of the compression of lung tissue by, for example, fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity?

a. (Compression) atelectasis
b. Lung fibrosis
c. Pressure thrombosis
d. Pneumothorax

A

a. (Compression) atelectasis

35
Q

Which gene is mutated early in colorectal carcinogenesis and also plays an important causal role in hereditary polyposis syndromes?

A

APC-gene

36
Q

What are the names of the different wall layers of the colon (equal to stomach and small intestine).

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria en serosa.

37
Q

Which cytological phenomenon is caused by an active HPV infection?

a. Reserve cell hyperplasia
b. Horn bead formation
c. Koilocytosis
d. HSIL

A

c. Koilocytosis

38
Q

Which cancer syndrome is associated with endometrial carcinoma?

a. Hereditary non polyposis coli (Lynch syndrome)
b. Muir Torre syndrome
c. BRCA-1 mutation
d. Cronkite Canada syndrome

A

a. Hereditary non polyposis coli (Lynch syndrome)

39
Q

Adenomyosis refers to a frequent disorder of the uterus. What is it?

a. infection of the endometrium
b. muscle cell tumor of the myometrium
c. occurence of endometrium in the muscle layer of the uterus, widening the uterine wall as a result

A

c. occurence of endometrium in the muscle layer of the uterus, widening the uterine wall as a result

40
Q

Which two types of hemorrhages in the brain are most frequently seen during trauma?

a. epidural hemorrhage
b. subarachnoidal hemorrhage
c. subdural hemorrhage
d. intraparenchymal hemorrhage

A

a. epidural hemorrhage and c. subdural hemorrhage

41
Q

Glioblastomas are common tumors in children in the posterior fossa

a. Correct
b. Incorrect

A

b. Incorrect

Pathology dt2 (39 decks)

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