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DD > Practice Exam > Flashcards

Practice Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Types of locks (4)

A

mortise
preassembled (unit?)
bored (cylinder?)
interconnected (rim?)

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2
Q 
Parts of window:
sash
check rail
mullion
muntin
pane
sill
A 
sash: 
check rail:
mullion:
muntin:
pane:
sill:
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3
Q

parts of exit (3)

A

exit access
exit
exit discharge

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4
Q

common path of egress travel

A

portion of exit access that occupants are required to traverse before two separate and distinct paths of egress travel to two exits are available

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5
Q

Fire rated ceiling assembly

A

Part of a complete floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling assembly (ceiling cannot be rated on its own)
Hold down clips in rated grid keep rated tiles in place, expansion slots allow expansion from heat

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6
Q

Types of saw cuts (3)

A

plain (flat): straight lines across grain of log, uneven grain, more warping

quarter: cut in quarters, then boards perpendicular to grain; straight grain
rift: cut radially from center; labor intensive, wasteful, usually used only for oak

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7
Q

waterproofing v dampproofing

A

waterproofing: for moisture under hydrostatic pressure; easily punctured, membrane coating and filter fabric and drain recommended
dampproofing: moisture not under hydrostatic pressure, membrane coating not required

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8
Q

preventing sound transmission

A

most important: no gaps, partitions extend full height to structure
also: staggered studs, resilient channel, insulation

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9
Q

sound absorption v sound transmission

A

sound absorption: within a room

sound transmission: from one room to another

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10
Q

rapidly renewable resources include

A

wheat board cabinetry
linoleum
bamboo

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11
Q

renewable materials vs recovered materials

A

renewable: made from plants that can be grown and harvested quickly, usually within 10 years
recovered: reusing materials for a new purpose

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12
Q

building elements to be reused

A

exterior envelope and structural framing

NOT: windows, non-structural roofing elements

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13
Q

uses for laminated glass

A 
acoustical control (mass and dampening quality of plastic interlayer)
decorative
safety and security (resistance to breaking)
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14
Q

board-foot

A

equivalent to a piece of lumber 1” thick x 12” wide x 12” long, or 144 cubic inches

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15
Q

cladding systems

A

curtain wall stick system:
curtain wall panel system: identical premade panels, attached in one piece, most common
substrate mounted panels: attached to supporting substrate
EIFS

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16
Q

elevator types (3)

A

gearless traction: highest speeds, tall buildings, dependable and easy to maintain
geared traction: slower but with options for adjusting speeds to buildings needs
hydraulic: lifted from below by a ram, low rise buildings (under 6 stories), slower, better for freight or low occupancy

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17
Q

single ply roofing types (4)

A

EPDM: black, good resistance to weathering/heat/fatigue, loose laid or adhered, seal seams; cannot be recycled for roofing
CSPE: white, resistant to weathering, not common (replaced by PVC and TPO)
PVC: white, tan, or gray; good resistance to weathering; loose laid or adhered; some environmental concerns
TPO: white, tan, gray, or other; loose laid or adhered, less expensive than EPDM

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18
Q

thermoset v thermoplastic roof

A

single ply roofs

thermoset: permanent shape (EPDM, CSPE)
thermoplastic: can be reheated and remolded (PVC, TPO)

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19
Q

direct gain

A

collects heat through south facing windows and stores in concrete floors, masonry walls, tile, stone, etc.; insulated or low e glass

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20
Q

disinfecting water (5)

A

chlorination: most common to kill bacteria and viruses
chlorimine: weaker than chlorination, usually a secondary disinfectant
ozonation: primary disinfectant, requires secondary; used for cooling towers
UV light: destroys reproduction of bacteria/viruses, must be used with secondary disinfectant
nanofiltration: high pressure through filter

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21
Q

demineralization (3)

A 
ion exchange: treats hard water, zeolite process
reverse osmosis (RO): membrane that only water can pass through
electrodialysis: requires power, high pressure, expensive
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22
Q

general water treatment methods (4)

A

pretreatment
filtration
demineralization
disinfection

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23
Q

sprinkler systems (4)

A

wet pipe: always filled with water, activated through heat sensors or fusible link, discharges water immediately
dry pipe: filled with decompressed air until activated, for pipes that might freeze
deluge: filled with water, all heads discharge at once, where flammable materials are stored or fire could spread quickly
preaction: admit water to pipes after system detects fire, delay allows time for fire to be found and extinguished before sprinkler heads open

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24
Q

types of fire detector (5)

A

ionization detector: responds to products of combustion, not smoke, early detector
gas-sensing detector: responds to combustion gasses
photoelectric: light beam responds if obscured by smoke
flame detector: respond to infrared or UV from flames
rise of temperature detector: respond to heat

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25
Q

water supply system

A

upfeed: 40-60 ft tall bldgs (exact height depends on factors like static head, pressure at water main (40-80 psi)
downfeed: pumped first to storage tanks on top, then fed by gravity; limited by max allowable pressure at lowest fixtures (45-60 psi), may require pressure reducing valves
direct upfeed pumping, or tankless system: several pumps used together, one pump used when demand is light, more for higher demand

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26
Q

static head

A

amount of pressure required to lift water through piping; .433 psi can lift water 1 ft

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27
Q 
Voltage per building type: 
residential
small commercial
large commercial
industrial
A

Residences: 120/240V, single phase, three wire
Small commercial: 120/208V, three phase, four wire
Larger commercial: 277/480V, three phase, four wire
Industrial: 2400/4160V, three phase, four wire

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28
Q

energy cost budget method
system performance method
prescriptive criteria method

A

allows for comparison of annual energy costs of design building to a baseline building; must be used to obtain LEED credit, cannot be used for buildings without mechanical systems, or low rise residential
system performance method: complex calculation based on site’s climate, computer modeling
prescriptive criteria method: calcs can be completely quickly, but tend to be more restrictive

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29
Q

HVAC systems

A
  • constant air volume (CAV): inexpensive, but no individual control; residential and small commercial
  • VAV: constant air but individual control over how much enters each space, allows individual control of temperatures, quiet operation, minimal maintenance
  • high-velocity dual duct: hot and cool air ducts
  • reheat (constant volume):
  • packaged terminal units: individual control, not as quiet or as low maintenance
  • fan coil terminals: individual control, not as quiet or as low maintenance
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30
Q 
sound reflection:
creep
diffusion
focusing
specular reflection
A
  • creep: along curved surface, like a dome
  • diffusion: sound is scattered all around room off of convex surfaces
  • focusing: reflection off concave surfaces, directed to specific part of room
  • specular reflection: reflection off hard, polished surfaces
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31
Q

conduit or rebar in part of slab that’s in (tension/compression)

A

tension

at least 3/4” below surface, and no more than 1/3 of slab thickness

32
Q 
fire suppression devices:
fire extinguisher
wet standpipe
dry standpipe
fusible link
annunciators
two-way communications devices
A

fire extinguisher: no more than 75 feet away
wet standpipe: filled with water, can be used by building occupants
dry standpipe: connect to pumper truck to be filled with water, used by fire department
fusible link: sensor activated by rise of temperature
annunciator: to give instructions to building occupants
two-way communication devices: for occupants who can’t evacuate

33
Q 
passive cooling:
stack ventilation
pools of water
thermal mass
cross ventilation
A
  • stack ventilation: cool air drawn in down low, vented out up top
  • pools of water: cool hot arid climates through evaporation
  • thermal mass: heat is absorbed and stored during day
  • cross-ventilation: increases air movement, cools hot-humid climates
34
Q

banned refrigerants

A

halon

CFC’s

35
Q

plantings to control sound

A

combo of:
deciduous trees
evergreen trees

36
Q

maximum ideal glare brightness ratio

A

3:1 (or 1:1/3)

37
Q

psychrometric chart

A
  • shows interactions between heat, moisture, and air

- dry bulb temperature (vertical lines), humidity (lines curving up left to right), wet bulb temperature (diagonal down)

38
Q

sizes of HVAC systems (assuming all other factors the same)

A
  • all air is biggest
39
Q

demand-controlled ventilation (DVC) technology

A

CO2 sensors increase or decrease ventilation of space according to occupancy, good where occupancy of space can vary greatly at different times during day or week or there is not a high concentration of air contaminants that need to be continuously exhausted

40
Q

perimeter protection (4)

A

photoelectric cells: secure entry points (doors, windows), alarm when beam is broken
window screens: with wires that alarm when broken
glass break detectors
magnetic contacts: alarm when contact is broken (door/window is opened)

41
Q

area/room protection (6)

A
  • photoelectric beam: infrared beam, alarms if broken
  • infrared detectors: sense infrared radiation, such as from human body
  • audio detectors: sound when higher than usual sound is heard
  • pressure detectors: sense weight on floors/surfaces
  • ultrasonic detectors: alarm when sound waves are interrupted, up to 50ft x 200ft rooms
  • microwave detectors: sense interruptions in microwaves radiation fields
42
Q 
Elevator operation and controls (4):
selective collective
computerized 
single automatic
collective
group automatic operation
destination floor guidance
A

selective collective: answers up calls on up trip, and down calls on down trip
computerized controls: programmed based on building data, traffic patterns, etc. expensive
single automatic: one call at a time, long waits
collective control: all calls at once, without differentiating up and down
group automatic operation: responds to calls in most efficient manner
desgination floor guidance: riders grouped based on destination

43
Q

ceiling diffuser layout guidelines

A

spacing approximately equal to ceiling height

44
Q

curtain board

A

also called a draft curtain, is suspended from ceiling to prohibit movement of smoke and flame; often used at floor openings (mezzanines, escalators, etc.)

45
Q

PV types

A

crystalline: best, most expensive
polycrystalline: most economical
amorphous: applied to other materials

46
Q

absorption coefficient

A

0 to 1

.2 to .5 is ideal

47
Q

plumbing wall sizes

A

back to back wall hung: 24 inches
one sided wall hung: 12 inches
back to back floor mount: 16 inches

48
Q

percent energy use for lighting, HVAC, and other

A

50%, 30%, 20%

49
Q

Sound intensity level decreases __dB for every doubling of distance

A

6 dB

50
Q

most efficient glazing

A

super windows : two low e coats with gas filled cavities between 3 layers of glass
spectrally selective: blocks heat from infrared light while allowing visible light
low-emissivity:
insulating: double or triple pane
tinted, reflective, or heat-absorbing

51
Q

exit
exit access
exit discharge

A

exit: portion of means of egress that is separated from other spaces by fire resistant rated construction
exit access: portion leading from any occupied portion to an exit
exit discharge: between termination of exit and public way

52
Q

Best time to value engineer

A

As early as possible, even in initial planning stages

53
Q

sunk costs

A

expenses incurred prior to baseline date that cannot be recovered; disregarded in life cycle cost analysis because there’s no way to get the money back

54
Q

retainage at substantial completion is frequently equivalent to

A

contractor’s profit, between 5% and 20% (average 10%)

55
Q

defensible space

A

allowing residents to control space around their homes; a sense of ownership and control over a space leads to an environment that people will care about and will work to maintain and protect

56
Q

CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design)

A

encouraging inhabitants to police their own space by designing an environment that clearly allows them to do so; includes clearly defined private/public spaces

57
Q

New Urbanism

A

approach to town planning that advocates more diverse housing opportunities and less dependence on cars

58
Q

Albedo

A

albedo: measure of how much radiant energy that a surface receives is reflected rather than absorbed (1.0 = highly reflective of heat)

59
Q

Reduce heat island effect by (reflecting/abosrbing) heat on surface

A

reflecting

60
Q

blast energy decreases…

A

… in inverse proportion to the cube of the distance

61
Q

as slope of drainage pipe decreases, size must

A

increase

62
Q

wetlands regulated by

A 
federal government (US Army Corps of Engineers)
and state and local government
63
Q

basic types of site utilization for urban sites

A
  • rear yard
  • courtyard
  • side yard
  • perimeter yard
64
Q

min number steps in a flight of stairs

A

3

65
Q

horizontal and vertical alignment

A

horizontal: lay out the curving of roads
vertical: lay out the ups and downs of roads

66
Q

invert

A

bottom of a sewer line, drain, catch basin, or manhole

67
Q

retaining walls taller than __ ft require reinforcing

A

4 ft

taller walls tend to slide or overturn

68
Q

moment framing appropriate for buildings up to __ stories tall

A

30 stories

69
Q

span of
wood beams
TJIs

A

up to
20 ft
45 ft

70
Q

pan joist concrete

A

reinforced concrete slab that is ribbed in one direction only
- is strong compared to other concrete slab systems, best for buildings with heavy live loads

71
Q

reentrant corner

A

inside corners in building shape

- avoid if possible; if not, use drag struts of seismic separation

72
Q

types of piles

A

driven: timber, steel, precast concrete, spaced by pile-driving hammers, drop hammers, compressed air, diesel engines
drilled: concrete, optional metal lining

73
Q

seismic effects not covered by building codes (3)

A

landslides, avalanches, soil liquefaction

74
Q

exterior cladding issues (3)

A
  • building code (insulation, fire resistance, air barriers, attachments, durability, tolerances)
  • states energy codes (insulation, etc.)
  • city planning boards (appearance and detailing)
75
Q

net assignable space

A

spaces used for specific functions, not accounting for circulation, toilet rooms, mechanical rooms, walls, etc.

76
Q

efficiency ratio

A

ratio of net assignable area to gross area of building

DD (5 decks)

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