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DD > Ch24 > Flashcards

Ch24 Flashcards

Metals

1
Q

Steel Shapes:

Metals used in structural applications (and uses)

A
  • Steel (most common, for beams, colums, plates, studs, decking, truss joists, fasteners)
  • Aluminum (small structures, portions of structures)
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2
Q

Steel Shapes:
Wide Flange
-Aappearance, uses, designation

A
  • H-shaped sections used for beams and columns
  • Particularly suited for columns because the width of the flange is nearly equal to the depth of the section (equal rigidity in both axes)
  • Designation: W (depth) x (weight)
    • Ex: W18 x 35
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3
Q

Steel Shapes:
American Standard I-Beam
-Appearance, uses, designation

A
  • Relatively narrow flange width in relation to depth
  • Inside faces of flanges have 1:6 slope
  • Used as beams
  • Designation: S (depth) x (weight)
    • Ex: S12 x 35
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4
Q

Steel Shapes:
American Standard Channel Section
-Appearance, uses, designation

A
  • Flange on one side of web
  • Used to frame openings, to form stair stringers, other applications where flush side is needed
  • Designation: C (depth)x(weight)
    • Ex: C15 x 40
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5
Q

Steel Shapes:
Structural Tee
-Appearance, uses, designation

A
  • Wide flange or I-Beam cut in half
  • Designation: WT or ST (depth)x(weight)
    • WT if cut from wide flange, ST if cut from I Beam
    • Ex: WT7 x 15 or ST9 x 35
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6
Q

Steel Shapes:
Steel Angles
(appearance, uses, designation)

A
  • Used as lintels, in pairs as members for steel trusses, and for miscellaneous bracing
  • Equal or unequal legs
  • Designation: L (length 1)x(length 2)x(thickness of legs)
    • Ex: L3 x 3 x 3/8 or L3 x 4 x 1/2
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7
Q

Steel Shapes:
Structural Tube
(appearances, uses, designation)

A
  • Square or rectangular tube section
  • Used for light columns and as truss and space frame members
  • Designation: TS (length1)x(length2)x(wall thickness)
    • Ex: TS8 x 8 x 0.03750
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8
Q

Steel Shapes:
Structural Pipe
(appearances, uses, designation)

A
  • Round steel pipe, available in 3 weights (standard, extra strong, double extra strong)
  • Used for light columns and as truss and space frame members
  • Designation: pipe (nominal diameter) (weight)
    • Ex: pipe 4 std.
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9
Q

Steel Shapes:

Steel Bars

A
  • Any rectangular section 6 inches or less in width with a thickness of 0.203 inches and greater
    or
  • Sections 6 inches to 8 inches wide with a thickness of 0.230 inches and greater
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10
Q

Steel Shapes:

Steel Plates

A
  • Any section over 8 inches wide with a thickness of 0.230 inches and over
    or
  • Any section over 48 inches wide with a thickness of 0.180 inches and over
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11
Q

Open web steel joist:

-Appearance and Composition

A
  • Shop-fabricated trusses with webs composed of linear members and chores of back-to-back steel angles
  • Chords are typically parallel, but some have top chords that are pitched for roof drainage
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12
Q

Open web steel joist:

-Series (name, spans, and depths)

A
  • K-series (standard series, 8-60 ft spans, 8-30 in depths @ 2 inch increments)
  • LH-series (long span series, 25-96 ft spans, 18-48 in depth @ 4 inch increments)
  • DLH-series (deep long span series, 89-144 ft spans, 52-96 in deep @ 4 inch increments)
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13
Q

Open web steel joist:

-Designation

A
  • Depth, Series, Type
    • Ex: 36LH13 is 36 inches deep, LH-series, Type 13
    • Chord type number increases as load capacity of that depth of joist increases
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14
Q

Open web steel joist:

-Advantages

A
  • Lightweight and efficient
  • Quick and easy to erect
  • Allows for ductwork and services to run through joists
  • Can be used with variety of floor decking types
  • Easily supported by steel beams, masonry, concrete, or other steel members
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15
Q

Open web steel joists:

-Composite wood and steel joists

A
  • Use wood for top and bottom chords, steel for webs

- Ideal for wood-frame buildings where wood decking is used and where spans exceed limit of standard wood joists

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16
Q

Metal Decking

- Definition and benefits

A
  • Steel or aluminum panels laid over steel beams or open web steel joists to serve as formwork for poured concrete slabs
  • Available in variety of types, shapes, depths, and gauges to satisfy nearly any span and loading condition
  • Provides structural support and raceways for power and cabling
17
Q

Light gauge metal framing:

-Definition, uses, and benefits

A
  • Steel members (10 to 25 gauge) for wall framing, joists, rafters, and similar
  • Shapes more suitable for lighter loads and easier handling
  • Most common for interior partitions in noncombustible buildings
  • Noncombustible, easily cut and assembled, does not shrink or decay
18
Q

Light gauge metal framing:

- Dimensions for interior partitions (gauges and depths)

A
  • 20 to 25 gauge most common
  • 1-5/8, 2-1/2, 3-5/8, 4, 6 inch depths most common
  • Heavier gauges and depths available for higher walls, bearing walls, exterior walls
19
Q

Light gauge metal framing:

- Sizes for joists and rafters (gauges, depths, spans)

A
  • 10 to 20 gauge
  • 6 to 14 inch depth
  • up to 40 foot spans
20
Q

Light gauge metal framing:

- Erection methods

A
  • Screws, bolts, or welds, depending on thickness of member and its application
21
Q

Metal Fabrications

A
  • Individual building components fabricated partially or entirely of steel, aluminum, or other metals
22
Q

Metal Fabrications:
Spiral Stairs
-Treads

A

-Exposed steel, hardwood over steel support, recessed steel pans for infill with concrete or stone, or particleboard over steel support that can be finished with carpet or resilient flooring

23
Q

Metal Fabrications:
Spiral Stairs
-Standard dimensions

A
  • Diameters: 3’-6” to 7’-0”, in 6” increments
  • Tread angles: 22.5, 27, or 30 degrees (most common, has 12 treads in a full 360 spiral)
  • Risers: 7-1/2” to 9-1/2”
24
Q

Metal Fabrications:

-Expansion Joints

A
  • Designed to allow for major movement (1/2” or more) between independent structural units of the building
  • May allow for lateral movement only, or lateral and vertical movement
  • Seismic joints also available, but require further study to determine requirements
25
Q

Metal Fabrications:

-Miscellaneous

A
  • Gratings, steel ladders, stair treads, pipe handrails and guardrails, sheet metal enclosures, prefabricated utility stairs, protective steel bollards, bumpers, corner guards
26
Q

Ornamental Metals:

-Types of metals

A
  • Stainless steel, copper alloys (bronze and brass), aluminum
  • Carbon steel, copper, iron, porcelain enamel are less common
27
Q

Detailing Stainless Steel:

-Joining

A
  • Welding (smoothest, but can’t always match finish)
  • Mechanical fasteners (should also be stainless steel to prevent galvanic action and rusting)
  • Adhesives (used to laminate sheet stock to other materials)
28
Q

Detailing with Brass and Bronze

-Extruding and Casting

A
  • Extruding most common for door and window frames, railings, and trim
  • Casting common for hardware and plumbing fixtures
29
Q

Detailing with Brass and Bronze

-Shapes

A
  • Tubing (square, rectangular, and round)
  • Angles (equal or unequal legs)
  • Channels (equal or unequal)
  • Bars (rectangular, bar, rod)
  • Special order, T-shapes, Z-shapes, and proprietary shapes also available
30
Q

Detailing with Brass and Bronze

-Sheets and gauges (large sheets, lamination, brake-formed brass)

A
  • For large expaneses of smooth, flat sheet stock, gauge must be thick enough to avoid oil canning or showing imperfections (min. 10 gauge)
  • Thinner gauge possible if sheet has embossed pattern because pattern imparts stiffness to sheet
  • Brass laminated to backing can be as thin as 20 gauge
  • Items fabricated of brake-formeds brass are 14- or 12-gauge
31
Q

Detailing with Brass and Bronze

-Joining

A
  • Mechanical fasteners (screws, bolts, clips, rivets; usually concealed if possible)
  • Adhesives (for laminating sheets or to join small pieces to other materials
  • Brass can be joined by brazing, soldering, and welding (brazing most common)
32
Q

Perforated Metals

A
  • Sheet metal punched with a regular pattern of holes

square, round, or slots in a variety of patterns, sizes, and spacing

33
Q

Architectural Mesh

A
  • Specialty metal most often used for elevator cab interiors, formed by weaving thin strips of metal or heavy wire, then grinding off a portion of one face to reveal a highly textured by relatively flat surface
  • Stainless steel and brass are most common

DD (5 decks)

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