Practice Exam 3 qs Flashcards
Which of the following statements concerning the anatomy of a typical rib is CORRECT?
A. the sternal end of each rib lies at a higher level than the vertebral end
B. the tubercle of a typical rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra with the same number
C. Ribs 1-7 are referred to as vertebrochondral ribs
D. The costal groove contains from superior to inferior: nerve, artery, vein
E. the head of a typical rib articulates with the demifacets of its own number vertebra and the vertebra below
A. the sternal end of each rib lies at a higher (LOWER) level than the vertebral end
B. the tubercle of a typical rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra with the same number *
C. Ribs 1-7 (1-8) are referred to as vertebrochondral (STERNAL)ribs
D. The costal groove contains from superior to inferior: nerve, artery, vein (VAN)
E. the head of a typical rib articulates with the demifacets of its own number vertebra and the vertebra below (ABOVE, IV DISC)
Which of the following structures would be penetrated first by a needle passing through the anterior chest wall just to the left of the sternum? A. External intercostal muscle B. Internal intercostal muscle C. Transverse thoracic muscle D. Long thoracic nerve
A. External intercostal muscle
B. Internal intercostal muscle *
C. Transverse thoracic muscle
D. Long thoracic nerve
Mammary glands would NOT receive blood from which of the following arteries? A. Internal thoracic B. Nearby intercostal arteries C. Thoracoacromial artery D. Lateral thoracic artery
A. Internal thoracic
B. Nearby intercostal arteries
C. Thoracoacromial artery *
D. Lateral thoracic artery
Which of the following heart sounds is best heard in the second intercostal space along the right side of the sternum?
A. Pulmonary (2nd intercostal left)
B. Bicuspid (5th space 10 cm to left)
C. Tricuspid (5th space to right)
D. Aortic *
The true intrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by dorsal (posterior) rami and are divided into 3 groups. Which of the following groups of true intrinsic back muscle includes splenius capitis and splenius cervicus?
A. Spinotransversalis *
B. Sacrospinalis
C. Erector spinae
D. Transversospinalis
The thoracolumbar fascia is a triangular-shaped sheet of tough connective tissue covering the lower back. It is the partial site of origin of the latissimus dorsi and abdominal oblique muscles. This fascia can be divided into 3 layer or laminae. Which of the laminae attaches to the lumbar spinous processes?
A. Posterior *
B. Middle
C. Anterior
D. All three layers attach to the lumbar spinous processes
Which of the following muscle groups is part of the intrinsic musculature of the back?
A. Trapezius
B. Erector spinae group *
C. Latissimus
D. Serratus posterior group
Which of the following muscle groups is lateral to the others listed below? A. Longissimus group B. Interspinales C. Spinalis group D. Transversospinalis group E. Iliocostalis group
A. Longissimus group B. Interspinales C. Spinalis group D. Transversospinalis group E. Iliocostalis group *
Anterior sacral foramina allow the passage of which of the following?
A. Dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves
B. Ventral rami of sacral spinal nerves *
C. The lower thoracic nerves via the cauda equina
D. The upper lumbar nerves via the cauda equina
A typical thoracic vertebra includes all of the following components except:
A. A heart-shaped body
B. Inferior articular facets
C. Superior costal demifacets
D. Transverse foramina *
The sacral promontory is formed by which of the following structures?
A. the centrum of L1
B. the spinous process of L1
C. the centrum of S1 *
D. the spinous process of S2
Which of the following ligaments extends along the roof of the neural canal?
A. anterior longitudinal ligament
B. posterior longtitudinal ligament
C. Ligamentum flavum *
D. Supraspinous ligament
Transverse foramina are characteristic which of the following?
A. All cervical*
B. Only the first six cervical
C. All cervical vertebrae plus the first thoracic vertebra
D. Only cervical vertebrae 2-7
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding vertebrae?
A. Transverse processes arise from the vertebra at the intersection of the lamina and the pedicel
B. The spinous process of a vertebrae arises from the intersection of the two pedicels
C. Mammillary bodies are associated with the anterior articulating processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae
D. The articular facets of the typical thoracic vertebrae are organized in a sagittal plane
A. Transverse processes arise from the vertebra at the intersection of the lamina and the pedicel *
B. The spinous process of a vertebrae arises from the intersection of the two pedicels
C. Mammillary bodies are associated with the anterior articulating processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae
D. The articular facets of the typical thoracic vertebrae are organized in a sagittal plane
How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human vertebral column?
A. five
B. six
C. seven *
D. As many as you want
An exaggeration of a secondary vertebral column curve is characterized by which of the following?
A. mostly occurs in the thoracic region
B. is referred to as (hyper-)kypophysis
C. mostly occurs in the cervical region
D. is referred to as (hyper-)lordosis *
In the cervical region of which of the following ligaments is referred to as the ligamentum nuchae?
A. anterior longitudinal ligament
B. posterior longitudinal ligament
C. ligamentum flavum
D. supraspinous ligament *
The anterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column as which of the following characteristics?
A. it anchors the emerging spinal nerves in place
B. it limits the direction of nucleus pulposus extrusion during disk herniation *
C. it narrows anteriorly to the intervertebral disc
D. it limits flexion
Which of the following statements characterizes the denticulate ligaments?
A. they are found in the oral cavity and are part of the gomphoses
b. they attach the serratus anterior to the ribs
c. they help stabilize the spinal cord *
d. they extend between the pia mater and the arachnoid layer
the spinal cord proper ends at which of the following levels?
a. L5/S1
b. S5
c. L2 *
d. L4
how many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are present in human?
a. five
b. six
c. seven
d. eight *
which of the following spaces or membranes around the spinal cord is superficial to all the others listed?
a. dura mater
b. pia mater
c. epidural space *
d. arachnoid layer
which of the following levels of the spinal cord form the cervical enlargement?
a. C1-C5
b. C3-C6
c. C3-T1 *
d. C5-T2
lateral horns of the spinal cord are found in which of the following regions?
a. cervical through upper sacral
b. lower cervical through the upper lumbar
c. upper cervical through the lower thoracic
d. thoracic through the upper lumbar *
cell bodies of the alpha motor neurons originate from which of the following regions of the spinal cord?
a. posterior columns
b. lateral columns
c. lateral horns
d. anterior horns *
which of the following characteristics is NOT characteristic of autonomic preganglionic neurons?
a. always myelinated
b. originate from ganglia
c. utilize acetylcholine
d. synapse in ganglia
a. always myelinated
b. originate from glanglia *
c. utilize acetylcholine
d. synapse in ganglia
The right lateral arcuate ligament is formed from the deep fascia of which of the following structures?
a. psoas major
b. quadratus lumborum *
c. falciform ligament
d. right renal
the stellate ganglion is formed from which of the following fused ganglia?
a. all three cervical plus T1
b. T1 through T5
c. middle and inferior cervical plus T1
d. inferior cervical plus T1 *
splanchnic nerves are composed of preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers. they supply abdominal viscera. the greater splanchnic nerve synapses in which of the following regions?
a. wall of upper GI tract
b. aorticorenal ganglion
c. celiac ganglion *
d. superior mesenteric ganglion
the parasympathetic supply to the thoracic cavity is via which of the following?
a. paravertebral chain ganglion pairs T1-T5
b. splanchnic nerves
c. vagus nerves *
d. stellate ganglion
The paired diaphragmatic crura are connected superiorly by which structure?
a. pyloric sphincter
b. median arcuate ligament*
c. medial arcuate ligaments
d. lateral arcuate ligaments
The greater splanchnic nerve passes through the diaphragm at which verterbal level?
a. T6
b. T8
c. T10 (esophagus)
d. T12*
The IVC passes through the diaphragm at which level?
a. T6
b. T8 *
c. T10 (esophagus)
d. T12 (greater splanchnic)
The inguinal ligament attaches to which pair of structures?
a. ASIS and AIIS
b. AIIS and ischial spine
c. ASIS and pubic tubercle *
the medial arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm form the lumbocostal arches and anteriorly cross which of the following muscles?
a. latissimus dorsi
b. quadratus lumborum
c. psoas major *
d. transversus thoracis
the aortic opening of the diaphragm is located at which vertebral level?
a. T6
b. T8
c. T10
d. T12 *
which of the following structures is/are found in both the superior and the inferior mediastinum?
a. thymus *
b. vagus nerves
c. heart
d. trachea
e. phrenic nerves
which of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to pulmonary veins?
a. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental
b. pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung interstitium to the right atrium and are intersegmental
c. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intrasegmental
a. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental *
b. pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung interstitium to the right atrium and are intersegmental
c. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intrasegmental
d. pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung to the interstitium to the right atrium and are intrasegmental
which of the following structures would NOT be found in the superior mediastinum?
a. esophagus
b. azygos vein
c. vagus nerves
d. thymus
e. trachea
a. esophagus
b. azygos vein *
c. vagus nerves
d. thymus
e. trachea
which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the vascular supply to the bronchopulmonary tree?
a. bronchial arteries that supply the left lung are branches off the thoracic aorta
b. bronchial veins on the right drain into the azygos vein
c. bronchial arteries supplying the right lung are branches off the thoracic aorta
d. bronchial veins on the left drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein
a. bronchial arteries that supply the left lung are branches off the thoracic aorta
b. bronchial veins on the right drain into the azygos vein
c. bronchial arteries supplying the right lung are branches off the thoracic aorta *
d. bronchial veins on the left drain into the accessory hemiazygos vein
which of the following lobes would not be found in the right lung?
a. upper (superior)
b. middle
c. lower (inferior)
d. lingula *
which of the following statements is CORRECT with regard to pulmonary veins?
a. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental
b. pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung interstitium to the right atrium and are intersegmental
c. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intrasegmental
d. pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung to the interstitium to the right atrium and are intrasegmental
a. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intersegmental *
b. pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung interstitium to the right atrium and are intersegmental
c. pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium and are intrasegmental
d. pulmonary veins return deoxygenated blood from the lung to the interstitium to the right atrium and are intrasegmental
The bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into the common iliacs occurs where?
a. L3
b. L4*
c. L5
d. S1
The inferior suprarenal arteries are branches of what arteries?
a. inferior phrenic
b. common hepatic.
c. left gastric
d. renal*
The ascending colon is supplied by what?
a. celiac trunk
b. superior mesenteric artery*
c. inferior mesenteric artery
d. middle colic artery
The lesser curvature of the stomach is supplied by?
a. left gastric artery*
b. splenic artery
c. common hepatic
d. greater epiploic artery
The vagus nerve passes through the diaphragm at what level?
a. t6
b. t8
c. t10*
d. t12
Which of the following arteries is not a direct branch off of the celiac trunk?
a. splenic
b. right gastric
c. common hepatic
d. left gastric
a. splenic
b. right gastric*
c. common hepatic
d. left gastric
The short gastric arteries are branches of the left gastric artery, T or F?
False
The superior suprarenal arteries are branches of what vessels?
a. inferior phrenic*
b. abdominal aorat
c. renal
d. superior mesenteric
The abdominal aorta gives off three pairs of visceral branches what are they?
a. renal*
b. gonadal*
c. middle suprarenal*
d. NOT phrenic
Which of the following types of hernias occur in older men, doesn’t pass through the inguinal canal or extend into the scrotum?
a. direct inguinal hernia*
b. indirect inguinal hernia
c. femoral hernia
d. umbillical hernia
When full the urinary bladder would be found in what region of the abdomen?
a. right hypochondriac
b. epigstric
c. hypogastric*
d. right lateral
The ligamentum teres hepatis is enclosed within what ligament?
a. gastrosplenic ligament
b. gastrohepatic ligament
c. hepatoduodenal ligament
d. falciform ligament*
What ligament extends from the umbillicus to the liver?
a. lesser omentum
b. ligamentum teres*
c. falciform
Remnants of the umbilical arteries are associated with what landmark on the posterior aspect of the anterior abdominal wall?
a. falciform ligament
b. medial umbilical folds*
c. median umbilical fold
d. lateral umbilical folds
The inguinal ligament is attached to the ASIS and the pubic tubercle and is the inferior border of the aponeurosis of what muscle?
a. internal oblique
b. transversus
c. external oblique*
which level of the tracheobronchial tree branchings supply bronchopulmonary segments?
a. primary bronchi
b. secondary bronchi
c. tertiary bronchi *
d. respiratory bronchioles
e. terminal bronchioles
which of the following structures lies anterior to the arch of the aorta?
a. left primary bronchus
b. left recurrent laryngeal nerve
c. left phrenic nerve
d. trachea
a. left primary bronchus
b. left recurrent laryngeal nerve
c. left phrenic nerve *
d. trachea
the posterior descending artery is a branch of the right coronary artery?
a. true *
b. false
The deep inguinal ring is formed by an envagination of the fascia of what muscle?
a. transversus*
b. internal oblique
c. sartorius
Which of the following represents the proximal attachment of the inguinal ligament?
a. ASIS *
b. AIIS
c. greater trochanter
d. intertrochanteric crest
The fused sacral transverse process forms what crest?
a. medial sacral crest
b. middle sacral crest
c. lateral sacral crests
What structure is not found in both the right and left ventricle?
a. papillary muscle
b. moderator band*
c. chordae tendinae
Which of the following veins is involved in draining left posterior intercostal spaces?
a. left internal thoracic
b. azygos vein
c. hemiazygos vein*
d. lateral thoracic vein
Arteries supplying the AV and SA nodes are branches from the right coronary arteries, T or F?
True
Which of the following is not normally a direct branch off of the aorta?
a. brachipcephalic
b. left subclavian
c. left common carotid
d. Right subclavian*
Which group of muscles includes the iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis?
Erector spinae
What group of muscles includes the multifidus, rotatores, and semispinalis?
Transversospinalis
The thoracolumbar fascia is a triangular-shaped sheet of tough connective tissue covering the lower back. It is the partial site of origin of the latissimus dorsi and abdominal oblique muscles. This fascia can be divided into 3 layer or laminae. Which of the laminae attaches to the lumbar transverse processes?
Anterior and middle
Posterior foramina allow the passage of what?
Dorsal rami of sacral spinal nerves
Mammillary bodies are associated with what kind of vertebrae?
sacrum
The posterior longitudinal ligament of the vertebral column has which characteristic?
Limits flexion
what is the most superficial membrane or space in the brain?
Dura mater
The site of cell bodies of autonomic neurons can be found where in the spinal cord?
Lateral horns
splanchnic nerves are composed of preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers. they supply abdominal viscera. The least splanchnic nerve synapses in which of the following regions?
aorticorenal ganglion
splanchnic nerves are composed of preganglionic fibers and visceral sensory fibers. they supply abdominal viscera. The lesser splanchnic nerve synapses in which of the following regions?
Superior mesenteric ganglion
The lateral arcuate ligaments of the diaphragm forms the lumbocostal arches and anteriorly crosses which muscle?
Quadratus lumborum
In aspirating material from the left costodiaphragmatic recess, care must be taken not to penetrate what?
Spleen
What level supplies the lobes of the lungs?
secondary bronchioles
which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the vascular supply to the bronchopulmonary tree?
a. bronchial arteries that supply the left lung are branches off the abdominal aorta
b. bronchial veins on the right drain into the hemiazygos vein
c. bronchial arteries supplying the right lung are branches off the first aortic intercostal arteries
d. bronchial veins on the left drain into the azygos vein
C.
What forms the hemiazygous vein?
Left ascending lumbar vein and left subcostal vein
Superficial fascia continuous with fascia over the thorax and thigh?
Campers fascia
Deep superficia membranous layer of fascia is called?
scarpa’s fascia
