Practice Exam 3 Flashcards
The functions of the blood include: (Say all that apply from the following.)
transportation
heat distribution
production of hormones
maintenance of interstitial fluid composition
all
Which of the following elements is included in hemoglobin molecules?
iron
A primary function of lymphocytes is to
act against foreign substances.
The normal white blood cell count is between
4,000-11,000 cells per microliter of blood
True or False
As a rule, red blood cells are larger than white blood cells
False
True or False
Most plasma proteins are produced by the liver
True
True or False
Oxygen, carbon dioxide and sodium are the 3 main gases dissolved in the blood
False its Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
In an adult, red blood cells are produced primarily in the __________
red bone marrow
In the cardiovascular system, what vessels are the site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange?
capillaries
The cardiovascular system pumps blood through two separate circuits
The ___1___ circuit sends ____2____ blood to the lungs.
The ___3___ circuit sends ____4____ blood and nutrients to the body.
- pulmonary
- oxygen-poor
- systemic
- oxygen-rich
What is the deepest layer in the wall of the heart?
endocardium
Place each term in the appropriate category, indicating whether they are part of the heart wall or the part of the coverings of the heart.
Wall of the Heart ??
Coverings of the Heart ??
Wall of the Heart: Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
Coverings of the Heart: Pericardium, Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium
These structures are in order from superficial to deep. Complete the sentences
The outer layer of the pericardium is called the ____1___fibrous pericardium and is composed of dense connective tissue.
The _____2______ lines the previous layer and secretes ____3_____.
The secreted fluid is contained within the ___4____.
The outermost layer of the wall of the heart is the ____5____, which is also called the ____6____.
- fibrous pericardium
- parietal pericardium
- serous fluid
- pericardial cavity
- visceral pericardium
- epicardium
Identify the name(s) and function of each of the four valves of the heart
Right Semilunar Valve/_______
Right Atrioventricular Valve/_______
Left Semilunar Valve/_______
Left Atrioventricular Valve/_______
Right Semilunar Valve, Reduces Backflow of blood from the pulmonary circuit, Pulmonary Valve
Right Atrioventricular Valve, Prevents backflow of blood to the right atrium, tricuspid valve
Left semilunar Valve, Reduces backflow of blood from systemic circuit, Aortic Valve
Left Atrioventricular Valve, Prevents backflow of blood to the left atrium, Bicuspid Valve
What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
Complete the following sentences describing the location of the valves in relationship to the chambers of the heart.
Key to remember that the sentences are in order of blood flow, starting with oxygen-poor blood returning to the heart.
The ___1____ valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
The ___2____ valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
The ___3____ valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta.
The ___4____ valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
- The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
- The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk.
- The bicuspid valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
- The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta.
The left ventricle pushes blood into what vessel(s)?
aorta
Name the following structures in order through which the blood flows from the body to the body
Left Atrium, Right Atrium, Aorta, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Veins, Lungs
From the Body—>To the Body
Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Artery, Lungs, Pulmonary Veins, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Aorta
The heart works in a coordinated fashion to pump _____ throughout the body.
blood
When the atria contract (____1____), the ventricles are relaxed (___2___).
- atrial systole
- ventricular diastole
When the ventricles contract (____1____), the atria are relaxed (____2____).
- ventricular systole
- atrial diastole
At one point during the cardiac cycle, both atria and ventricles are _______.
relaxed
The ________ includes all of the events that take place during one heartbeat, as described above.
cardiac cycle
Say the components of the cardiac conducting system in order, following the path of the electrical impulse.
SA Node, AV Bundle, Junctional Fibers, AV Node, Ventricular Syncytium, Purkinje Fibers, Atrial Syncytium, Bundle Branches
SA Node, Atrial Syncytium, Junctional Fibers, AV Node, AV Bundle, Bundle Branches, Purkinje Fibers, Ventricular Syncytium
What structure is also known as the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
What wave in an ECG tracing depicts ventricular repolarization?
T wave
Understand and know what a U Wave, P Wave, QRS Wave, and T wave look like
What is systolic pressure?
The maximum pressure achieved during ventricular contraction.
What site is commonly used to feel a pulse?
radial artery on the wrist
What factor can increase blood pressure?
An increase in heart rate.
The __1__ ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit, while the __2__ ventricle pumps blood into the systemic circuit.
- Right
- Left
Three arteries branch off of the aortic arch. Place the three branches in order.
First Branch: Brachiocephalic Trunk
Second Branch: Left Common Carotid
Third Branch: Left Subclavian
Place each artery name in the appropriate category based on their location.
Arteries of Upper Extremitry:
Arteries of Lower Extremitry:
Brachial artery, Posterior Tibial artery, Radial artery, Ulnar artery, Femoral artery, Axillary artery, Anterior Tibial artery, Popliteal artery
Arteries of Upper Extremitry: Ulnar Artery, Radial Artery, Brachial Artery, Axillary Artery
Arteries of Lower Extremitry: Popliteal Artery, Femoral Artery, Anterior tibial Artery, Posterior tibial Artery
Place each artery name in the appropriate category based on their location.
Arteries of Upper Extremitry:
Arteries of Lower Extremitry:
Brachial artery, Posterior Tibial artery, Radial artery, Ulnar artery, Femoral artery, Axillary artery, Anterior Tibial artery, Popliteal artery
Arteries of Upper Extremitry: Ulnar Artery, Radial Artery, Brachial Artery, Axillary Artery
Arteries of Lower Extremitry: Popliteal Artery, Femoral Artery, Anterior tibial Artery, Posterior tibial Artery
True or False
The left lung is larger than the right lung.
False
True or False
The left lung has only two lobes, while the right lung has three.
True
True or False
The potential space between the pleural membranes is called the pleural cavity
True
The muscular action that causes air to move into the lungs during inspiration is provided by
the diaphragm
The force responsible for normal resting expiration is supplied by
elastic recoil of the lungs
The amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs during a respiratory cycle is the
tidal volume
The additional volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a resting inspiration is called the
inspiratory reserve volume
The additional volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs at the end of a resting expiration is called the
expiratory reserve volume
Which of the following is a value that cannot be measured or calculated using a simple spirometer?
total lung capacity
Gas exchange between the air in the alveoli and the blood in nearby capillaries occurs by the process of
diffusion
The layer of serous membrane that is firmly attached to the surface of a lung is called the visceral ________
pleura
