Practice Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Participative leadership
A style of leadership in which all members of the organization work together to make decisions. Participative leadership is also known as democratic leadership, as everyone is encouraged to participate.
Walk-Through Survey
The purpose of a walk-through survey is to recognize and identify potential health and safety hazards in the workplace.
Organic vs. Mechanistic Org Structure
Organic
- Decentralized, flat, homogeneous, wider spans of control
Mechanistic
- Centralized, hierarchical
The leadership style preferred by Generation X is:
Direct, competent, and supportive of learning opportunities
Span of control
The term refers to the number of subordinates or direct reports a supervisor is responsible for.
What aspects of an organization do managers focus on when introducing organizational change?
People, technology, structure
Increasing loyalty and shared pride that employees feel toward their organization is a sign of:
In-group collectivism
The impact of an HR program on overall customer satisfaction is:
Strategic Metric
Interactional Fairness
When individuals feel they have received respectful and informative communication about their organization’s performance.
The path-goal leadership theory is concerned with which of the following four kinds of leader behaviour?
Theory based on specifying a leader’s style or behavior that best fits the employee and work environment in order to achieve a goal.
Directive behaviour
Supportive behaviour
Participative behaviour
Achievement-oriented behaviour
Directive Behavior
Refers to situations where the leader lets employees know what is expected of them and tells them how to perform their tasks. The theory argues that this behavior has the most positive effect when the employees’ role and task demands are ambiguous and intrinsically satisfying.
Supportive Behavior
Directed towards the satisfaction of employees’ needs and preferences. The leader shows concern for the employees’ psychological well-being. This behavior is especially needed in situations in which tasks or relationships are psychologically or physically distressing.
Participative Behavior
Involves leaders consulting with employees and asking for their suggestions before making a decision. This behavior is predominant when employees are highly personally involved in their work.
Achievement-Oriented Behavior
Refers to situations where the leader sets challenging goals for employees, expects them to perform at their highest level, and shows confidence in their ability to meet this expectation. Occupations in which the achievement motive were most predominant were technical jobs, sales persons, scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs.
Social Exchange Theory
Proposes that social behavior is the result of an exchange process where people weigh the potential benefits and risks of social relationships. When the risks outweigh the rewards, people will terminate or abandon that relationship.
E.g., When an employee’s supervisor treats them with respect and generosity, they are more likely to respond in the same way.
The leadership style preferred by Baby Boomers is:
Treat employees as equals, purposeful, with a democratic approach.
The two principal criteria for determining/selecting the best candidates for promotions are:
Knowledge & Skills
__________ is the process of examining the methods employed to do a job and the time it takes to complete a task.
Industrial Engineering
Dual Career Path
A career development plan that allows upward mobility for employees without requiring that they be placed into supervisory or managerial positions.
This type of program typically serves as a way to advance employees who have deep technical skills and/or education but who are not interested or inclined to pursue a management or supervisory track.
Trait Rating Approach
Recruitment scoring method that involves rating candidates separately on their interviews, qualifications, and reference checks and adding the scores together for a final score.
Hollands Self-Directed Search Model
Involves six career preferences: realistic, investigative, conventional, artistic, enterprising, and social.
Schein’s Career Anchors
Suggest that individuals fall into five career disciplines: technical/functional, managerial, creativity, autonomy, security.
Recency Error
The rater’s tendency to allow more recent incidents (either effective or ineffective) of employee behavior to carry too much weight in evaluation of performance over an entire rating period.
Contrast Error
Contrast Error is a concept during a performance appraisal of a candidate where his/her valuation is impacted by the fact that the previous candidates were relatively good or bad. It is an error where a person sets a certain benchmark, which affects the appraisal of the candidate being interviewed
Attribution Error
The fundamental attribution error (also known as correspondence bias or over-attribution effect) is the tendency for people to over-emphasize dispositional, or personality-based explanations for behaviors observed in others while under-emphasizing situational explanations.
The responsibility of a company to act in the best interest of the people and communities it serves is:
Corporate social responsibility
In Canada, the strongest trends affecting labour force participation are:
Immigrants as a key source of new employees and the aging workforce.
Risk Retention
Risk retention is an individual or organization’s decision to take responsibility for a particular risk it faces, as opposed to transferring the risk over to an insurance company by purchasing insurance.
E.g., When an organization decides to self-fund its dental plan.
Risk Transfer
A mechanism of risk management that involves the transfer of future risks from one person to another, and one of the most common examples of risk management is purchasing insurance where the risk of an individual or a company is transferred to a third party (insurance company).
Interviewers are experiencing __________ when they allow the attributes of the last candidate interviewed to impact their views of the next candidate to be interviewed.
Contrast Error
