Practice Exam 1 Review Flashcards
What are the 4 stages of fire?
- Incipient - The first stage where the source of ignition and fuel come together
- Growth - the fire has established itself and is burning self-sufficiently.
- Fully Developed - at its hottest point and is engulfing all of its available fuel sources.
- Decay - when the fire runs out of oxygen or fuel for it to sustain itself.
Job Enrichment
Vertical expansion of the roles, responsibilities, authority and activities. Increased level of responsibility.
Job Enlargement
A horizontal expansion of duties and tasks across the same organizational level. Same level of responsibility.
Variance
The average of the squared differences from the Mean
Kolberg’s Stages of Moral Development
- Preconventional Stage - a child’s sense of morality is externally controlled. Focuses largely on external consequences that certain actions may bring.
- Conventional Stage - a child’s sense of morality is tied to personal and societal relationships.
- Postconventional Stage - a person’s sense of morality is defined in terms of more abstract principles and values. People now believe that some laws are unjust and should be changed or eliminated.
Maintaining accurate safety records and documenting health and safety improvements can assist an employer in proving.
Due diligence
The Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act allows for two forms of stop work provisions. They include:
Bilateral and unilateral declaration
The goals of Return To Work (RTW) programs include all of the following:
a) To return an injured worker to work as soon as possible mark
b) To return an injured worker to his or her pre-injury earnings
c) To decrease the length of lost time claims
An important component of a RTW program is the completion of:
Physical demands analysis
Safety severity ratios are calculated using the following:
Hours worked and number of days lost to injury
When assessing the noise hazards present in a heavy machinery manufacturing plant, one would most likely consider:
Exposure periods, criterion levels, and exchange rates
The _____________ includes the company’s annual profit.
The income statement
Recruitment & Selection - Selection Ratio
The number of hired compared to the number of candidates considered.
Recruitment & Selection - Yield Ratio
of hireable candidates / total candidates
Recruitment & Selection - Base Rate
The number of applicants who could potentially be hired because they meet all required qualifications.
Recruitment & Selection - The Candidate Pool
The total number of people who have applied for an open position.
Costs for maintaining classroom facilities year-round, or for the purchase of projectors, televisions, and VCRs for the training department, are examples of:
Overhead costs
Direct Cost
Expenses that directly go into producing goods or services.
E.g., direct labour, direct materials, and manufacturing supplies
Indirect Cost
General business expenses that keep you operating.
E.g., Rent, utilities, & general office expenses
During the certification process, a signed authorization card indicates that:
The employee is willing to be represented by the union.
Rights Arbitration
Also known as grievance arbitration, deals with disputes involving the interpretation and application of an existing collective agreement, as well as disputes over the discipline or dismissal of an employee. The decision of the impartial arbitrator becomes a binding arbitration clause to both disputing parties.
Interest Arbitration
Also called collective agreement arbitration, deals with disputes in the collective agreement bargaining process, while a new, or renewed, collective agreement is being negotiated. In this situation the impartial arbitrator can render a decision on the content of the collective agreement that will be binding on both the parties.
The narcotic or dependency effect
The inability of parties to freely negotiate settlements without third-party assistance.
The Rand Formula
Employees do not have to join the union but must pay dues if their job is in the bargaining unit.
Industrial Relations and Dispute Investigations Act (1948)
It specified the right of workers to join unions.
Ratification Vote
The process by which members of the bargaining unit vote to accept or reject the terms of the collective agreement that was negotiated the employer and union. The ratification vote happens at the end of collective bargaining, after the collective bargaining teams have reached a tentative agreement.
Action Learning
Involves small groups working on a real project, learning about the methodology as they work. Examples include case study competitions, simulations, teaching others, and peer problem solving.
The most appropriate method for training senior management to handle critical decision-making.
Programmed Learning/Instruction
- Break down the course content into logical sequences, each followed by a Q&A.
- Particularly good for allowing individuals to work at their own pace.
In your training program, participants will answer up to 10 multiple-choice questions following each module of the program and receive immediate feedback. This would be considered a form of:
Programmed Instruction
Procedural Justice
The manner in which merit pay is determined is fair.
Total quality management
A set of principles and practices that is geared toward ensuring continuous improvement.
Staff Authority
An individual who has the right to advise but not directly supervise those who do not report directly to them.
Contingency Theory
An organizational theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation, to lead a company, or to make decisions. Instead, the optimal course of action is contingent (dependent) upon the internal and external situation.
The notion that effective leadership is dependent on the situation being favourable to the exertion of influence.
The standard deviation of a question on an employee survey indicates:
How much agreement there is among the employees’ answers.
What does social responsibility mean for an organization?
Pursuing policies that benefit external stakeholders
When assessing candidates using a battery of tests, one always needs to be aware of the standard error of measurement. The standard error of measurement refers to:
Indicates the amount of variability in a test administered to a group that is caused by measurement error.
Divergent Validity
Divergent validity helps to establish construct validity by demonstrating that the construct you are interested in (e.g., anger) is different from other constructs that might be present in your study (e.g., depression).
E.g., When we design interview questions to assess attributes that are unrelated to each other and then correlate the results of those tests.
Convergent Validity
Helps confirm that we are measuring the same construct by using different measurement procedures and research methods; if scores converge despite using different methodologies, then helps confirm that we are measuring the same construct.
E.g., Use two different assessments to test candidates’ communication skills and both tests yield the same results.
Behaviour observation scale
Gauge the frequency with which the employee has demonstrated effective behaviors in the job.
E.g., When conducting 360 degree feedback, the HR department uses a response scale that includes labels such as never, sometimes, often, and always.
Graphic Rating Scale
Performance appraisal method that rates employees according to a scale.
E.g., outstanding, meets expectations, or need improvement.
Furlough
Temporary leave of employees due to special needs of a company or employer, which may be due to economic conditions of a specific employer or in society as a whole.
Can be instituted to immediately address an HR surplus.
Bounded Rationality
When a leader has to make decisions based on imperfect information.
Representative Bias
A common decision-making error made by managers is to base the likelihood of an event’s occurrence on previous events.
The problem with this is that people often overestimate the similarity between the two things they are comparing.
Benefits of strategy formulation are the following (3)
Clarity
Coordination
Efficiency
9-box grid
An individual assessment tool that evaluates an employee’s current and potential level of contribution to the organization. The 9-box grid is most commonly used in succession planning as a method of evaluating an organization’s current talent and identifying potential leaders.
Halo Error
Occurs when an interviewer allows one strong point to overshadow all other information.
Multiple Hurdle
The administration of decision-making tools sequentially with the elimination of candidates at each stage who do not score at a satisfactory level.
The combination decision-making models for candidate assessment include:
Multiple regression and multiple cutoff
__________ is frequently used to assess adverse impact in the selection process.
Four-fifths rule
