Practicals Flashcards
Information needed in the records of treatments:
•date
•precise identity of the medicinal product including batch No.)
•dosage administered , duration of treatment
•name and address of farmer
-name and address of veterinarian
-withdrawal period
Schedule 1
Examples: cannabis, the amphetamines, hallucinogenic drugs e.g. LSD
Schedule 2
Examples: morphine, etorphine, fentanyl, pethidine, methadone,
ketamine
Schedule 3
Examples: buprenorphine, pentobarbital, phenobarbital
Schedule 4
Examples: benzodiazepines e.g. diazepam
Schedule 5
Certain preparations of morphine, cocaine and codeine that contain less than a specified amount of the drug
WRITTEN REQUISITION
- required for
- S2 and S3 CDs
CONTROLLED DRUGS
SAFE CUSTODY
Schedule 2 +
buprenorphine
ln medicines sold or supplied by a veterinarian are by definition ‘dispensed medicines
The label must include
- name and address of the owner & the veterinarian
- date of dispensing
- ‘For external use only’ if only for topical use
- the relevant withdrawal period
- if the product contains e.g. hexachlorophene, aspirin
•The drugs containing aspirin or similar drugs must be labelled with the words ‘unsuitable for cats’,
and ‘it contains aspirin’ within a ruled rectangle
•If drug includes hexachlorophene for oral administration: sheep, protective clothing , cattle: ‘product is not for use in lactating cattle’ - ‘For animal treatment only’, unless the container or package is too small
- ‘Keep out of the reach of children
It is a good practice to include the drug name, concentration and the amount dispensed and information about the application.
- The use of mechanically printed letters is recommended.
- Both the container and the outer packaging should be labelled.
How long is MFS prescription valid for?
MFS is valid for a period of 3 month or such shorter period as may be specified in the prescription
GRANULES
Composition
-Active substance
-Diluent filler
•saccharose Saccharum
•lactose Lactosum
-Binder
•Purified water
•Ethanol
•Methylcellulose
-Coating
•if needed
PREMIX
Composition
-Active substance
•medicated premix : drugs (AB, antiparasitic agents etc.)
•Feed supplements : microelements , vitamins , prebiotics , probiotics etc.
- Diluent filler
•Feed based
nutritional value , eg . cereal flour , wheat bran
Indifferent : silicates
Solutions
- solvent
- solute
- ppt?
- Homogeneous disperse
- Solvent: Liquid
- Solute: Solid, Liquid, Gas
- Precipitate No, clear
Emusion:
- Heterogeneous disperse (o/w, w/o)
- Solvent: liquid
- Solute Liquid
Precipitate yes, liquid
Suspension
- solvent
- solute
- ppt?
- Heterogeneous disperse
- Solvent: liquid
- solute: solid
- precipitate: yes, solid
Injections can be:
- Solution Solutio
- Emulsion Emulsio
- Suspension Suspensio
- Microemulsion
- Microsuspension
Infusions can be:
- Solution
* Microemulsion
Injection, Infusion requirements
- Sterile
- Pyrogen free
- Isotonic
- Isohydric (pH between 5 and 7)
- Homogeneous , particle free solution
INCOHERENT FORMULATIONS:
- Heterogeneous drug formulations: (>500)
- Colloidal drug formulations: (1 500 nm)
- Homogeneous (<1)
- powders, emulsion, suspension, granules
- colloidal solution , some stock solutions
- solutions tinctures
COHERENT FORMULATIONS
- Heterogeneous
- Colloidal
- ointment, pastes , creams , tablets, suppositories
2. gels
- OINTMENT=
2. Cream=
- An ointment consists of a single phase base in which
solids or liquids may be dispersed - multiphase preparations consisting of a lipophilic phase
and an aqueous phase
Epilepsy control/anticonvulsant drugs:
First line: Phenobarbital Primidone Potassium bromide Imepitoin
Second line:
Levetiracetam
Zonisamide
Not recommended agents in epilepsy:
- Primidone
- Carbamazepine bad PK)
- Lamotrigine myocardial damages
- Vigabatrin
- Tiagabine
- Oxcarbazepine
- Phenytoin
Allergic conjunctivitis drugs for treatment:
-groups and examples
Mast cell stabilizers
Sodium chromoglycate , lodoxamide, nedocromil
Vasoconstriction
Tetryzoline HCl
Antihistamines (with mast cell stabilization)
Azelastine, olopatadine , epinastine , emedastine, antazoline
keratoconjunctivitis sicca drugs:
Immunosuppression
• cyclosporin , tacrolimus , pimecrolimus
Glaucoma treatment
Aim: IOP decrease
Increasing outflow of aqueous humor: - Parasympathomymetics pilocarpine - Sympatholytics timolol , betaxolol - Prostaglandin analogues latanoprost , travoprost
Decreasing production of aqueous humor: - Sympatholythics timolol , betaxolol - Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors dorzolamide , brinzolamide
+ mannitol (iv) in acute cases
Local anaesthetics used in eye:
•Aim:
Aim: foreign body, small surgical procedure
• Procaine < Oxibuprocaine
Fundus examination drugs:
Parasympatholytics
•Atropine(days) < Tropicamide(4-5h), Homatropine(0,5-1h)
