NSAID's

Question 1

Lipoxigenase produces:

Answer 1

leukotrienes and lipoxins

Question 2

COX 1:

- location

Answer 2

Stomach, kideny, platelets

=CONSTITUTIVE

Question 3

COX 2:

- location

Answer 3

macrophages, fibroblasts

=INDUCTIVE

Question 4

COX 3

- inhibited by?

Answer 4

inhibited by e.g. paracetamol

(acetaminophen) or metamizole

Question 5

COX 2 specificity: from low to high

Answer 5

Ketoprofen, aspirin —– low
Meloxicam —– medium
Carprofen
Deracoxib —— very safe
Firocoxib

Question 6

Pharmacological effects NSAIDS:

Answer 6

Antiinflammatory
Analgesic
Antipyretic

+ platelet aggregation inhibition
antiendotoxin
spasmolytic
antineoplastic

Question 7

Side effects NSAIDS:

Answer 7

• gastric ulcerations! (from ion trapping and, decreased PGE production)
• Kidney damage
• Hepatotoxicity rarely ( paracetamol)
• Platelet aggregation inhibition
  (aspirin, flunixin, tolfenamic acid, ketoprofen)
• Allergic reaction
• Methaemoglobinaemia: paracetamol (cat)
• Proteoglycan synthesis inhibition (cartilage damage)
  (significant: aspirin, ketoprofen, ibuprofen, naproxen)
• Fetal damage
• Placenta retention
• Cardiotoxicity (coxibs)

Question 8

List NSAID names:

- the acidic once

Answer 8

Acidic:

• Acetylsalycilic acid (aspirin)
• Na salicylate
• Sulfasalazine, mesalazine (chronic colitis)
• Ketoprofen (platelets!) Safer in cats!
• Vedaprofen (eq)
• Carprofen (NB retrievers and Ho! long lasting in cattle)
• Tolfenamic acid (short term safe in cats as well)
• diclofenac (NOT in cat!)
• Etodolac (safe)
• Flunixin meglumine (thrombocyte aggregation inhibition, antiendotoxic, NB colic in Eq )
• Phenylbutazone
• Meloxicam (antiendotoxin)
• Piroxicam

Question 9

List NSAID names:

- non acidic

Answer 9

• paracetamol (COX 3 inhibition: analgesic, antipyretic (minor analgesic)
  NEVER in cats —> methaemoglobinaemia
• Metamizole sodium (mainly COX 3)

Question 10

Should you give these with or without food?

Ketoprofen, carprofen, meloxicam, mavacoxib

Answer 10

• Ketoprofen: without
• carprofen/ meloxicam: best with food but works without
• Mavacoxib: give with food! given once a month, use in dogs
• Robenacoxib: only coxib lisenced for cats

Question 11

Eicosanoids are:

Answer 11

Signalling molecules made by Oxidation of Arachidonic Acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, 20 carbon units in length

Question 12

Indications for NSAID’s:

Answer 12

• Osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis
• Infectious arthritis
• Myositis, tendinitis
• Fever
  Postoperative usage kidney , PLT)
• Endotoxinaemia
• GI and urinary tract spasm
• Colitis (sulfasalazine , mesalazine)