Practicals Flashcards
What equipment is used to suture?
needle holders
rat toothed forceps
needle and suture material
mayo scissors
which hands should the needle holders and forceps be held in?
needle holders in dominant hand
rat tooths in non-dominant hand
describe how to perform simple interrupted sutures
start on the side of the wound nearest your dominant hand
grasp skin on the furthest side of the wound and push needle through it by rotating the wrist
pull through
push through other side using the same technique
place needle holders horizontally along wound
loop suture around the end of the needle holders
grasp free end of suture material in needle holders
vertically switch needle holders and hand holding suture material to form knot
repeat knot twice more
cut both ends of suture ~1cm from skin
what teeth in cats have 3 roots?
upper carnassial 108 and 208
what teeth in dogs have 3 roots?
maxilla
premolar 4 - 108 and 208
molar 1 - 109 and 209
molar 2 - 110 and 210
what teeth have one root in dogs and cats?
incisors
canines
what teeth have 2 roots in dogs?
pre-molars and molars except for premolar 4, molar 1 and 2 of upper jaw
what quadrant of the mouth is assigned 1?
right upper
what quadrant of the mouth is assigned 2?
left upper
what quadrant of the mouth is assigned 3?
left lower
what quadrant of the mouth is assigned 4?
right lower
how should the scaler be held?
like a pen
should the tip of the scaler be used?
no - can damage tooth
can gently move into sub gingival pocket
what area of the tooth needs to be scaled?
tooth and sub gingival pocket
what should be done after scaling?
polish
ensure you know and are happy with teeth numbers!!
ok!!
why are occular pressure measurements performed?
glaucoma testing
what are schirmer tear tests used for?
measurement of quantity of tears produced
what is the normal STT value in dogs?
15-25 mm/min
how long should STT test strips be left in place?
1 min
when should STT readings be taken?
as soon as 1 min is up
what is flourescein used to test?
tear break up time
corneal erosions and ulcerations
permeability of nasolacrimal duct system
corneal leakage
how should fluorescein drops be placed?
Evert upper eyelid
fix hand to top of animals
head for stability
squeeze container so 1-2
drops falls into eye
Let the animal blink
how can tear break up time be assessed?
Allow the animal to blink to
spread the film
Hold the eyes open
Look through the
ophthalmoscope at the
cornea using the blue filter
and evaluate the time it
takes for a ‘hole’ or black
line to appear in the green
tear film
what should be done once the tear breakup time has been assessed?
excess fluorescein flushed out of the eye with sterile saline
how are corneal ulcers shown with fluorescein dye?
any erosions or ulcerations of the cornea,
will pick up the fluorescein stain and will be
highlighted when you shine the blue light of the ophthalmascope on them
when should fluorescein be seen at the nose if the nasolacrimal ducts are patent?
within 1-5 minutes
what is normal IOP in dogs?
10-25mmHg
what local anaesthetic is commonly used for eyes?
proxymetacaine
what mydriatic is commonly used for posterior chamber exam?
tropicamide
why is atropine less commonly used as a mydriatic?
takes longer (60 mins) and has side effects such as hypersalivation and longer duration
how long does tropicamide take to have full effect?
20-30 mins
how long does tropicamide last?
5-12 hours
how long do the effects of atropine last?
96-120 hours
Which colour filter should you use after applying fluorescein drops to highlight the stain?
blue cobolt
