Practicals

Question 1

What equipment is used to suture?

Answer 1

needle holders
rat toothed forceps
needle and suture material
mayo scissors

Question 2

which hands should the needle holders and forceps be held in?

Answer 2

needle holders in dominant hand
rat tooths in non-dominant hand

Question 3

describe how to perform simple interrupted sutures

Answer 3

start on the side of the wound nearest your dominant hand
grasp skin on the furthest side of the wound and push needle through it by rotating the wrist
pull through
push through other side using the same technique
place needle holders horizontally along wound
loop suture around the end of the needle holders
grasp free end of suture material in needle holders
vertically switch needle holders and hand holding suture material to form knot
repeat knot twice more
cut both ends of suture ~1cm from skin

Question 4

what teeth in cats have 3 roots?

Answer 4

upper carnassial 108 and 208

Question 5

what teeth in dogs have 3 roots?

Answer 5

maxilla
premolar 4 - 108 and 208
molar 1 - 109 and 209
molar 2 - 110 and 210

Question 6

what teeth have one root in dogs and cats?

Answer 6

incisors
canines

Question 7

what teeth have 2 roots in dogs?

Answer 7

pre-molars and molars except for premolar 4, molar 1 and 2 of upper jaw

Question 8

what quadrant of the mouth is assigned 1?

Answer 8

right upper

Question 9

what quadrant of the mouth is assigned 2?

Answer 9

left upper

Question 10

what quadrant of the mouth is assigned 3?

Answer 10

left lower

Question 11

what quadrant of the mouth is assigned 4?

Answer 11

right lower

Question 12

how should the scaler be held?

Answer 12

like a pen

Question 13

should the tip of the scaler be used?

Answer 13

no - can damage tooth
can gently move into sub gingival pocket

Question 14

what area of the tooth needs to be scaled?

Answer 14

tooth and sub gingival pocket

Question 15

what should be done after scaling?

Answer 15

polish

Question 16

ensure you know and are happy with teeth numbers!!

Answer 16

ok!!

Question 17

why are occular pressure measurements performed?

Answer 17

glaucoma testing

Question 18

what are schirmer tear tests used for?

Answer 18

measurement of quantity of tears produced

Question 19

what is the normal STT value in dogs?

Answer 19

15-25 mm/min

Question 20

how long should STT test strips be left in place?

Answer 20

1 min

Question 21

when should STT readings be taken?

Answer 21

as soon as 1 min is up

Question 22

what is flourescein used to test?

Answer 22

tear break up time
corneal erosions and ulcerations
permeability of nasolacrimal duct system
corneal leakage

Question 23

how should fluorescein drops be placed?

Answer 23

Evert upper eyelid
fix hand to top of animals
head for stability
squeeze container so 1-2
drops falls into eye
Let the animal blink

Question 24

how can tear break up time be assessed?

Answer 24

Allow the animal to blink to
spread the film
Hold the eyes open
Look through the
ophthalmoscope at the
cornea using the blue filter
and evaluate the time it
takes for a ‘hole’ or black
line to appear in the green
tear film

Question 25

what should be done once the tear breakup time has been assessed?

Answer 25

excess fluorescein flushed out of the eye with sterile saline

Question 26

how are corneal ulcers shown with fluorescein dye?

Answer 26

any erosions or ulcerations of the cornea,
will pick up the fluorescein stain and will be
highlighted when you shine the blue light of the ophthalmascope on them

Question 27

when should fluorescein be seen at the nose if the nasolacrimal ducts are patent?

Answer 27

within 1-5 minutes

Question 28

what is normal IOP in dogs?

Answer 28

10-25mmHg

Question 29

what local anaesthetic is commonly used for eyes?

Answer 29

proxymetacaine

Question 30

what mydriatic is commonly used for posterior chamber exam?

Answer 30

tropicamide

Question 31

why is atropine less commonly used as a mydriatic?

Answer 31

takes longer (60 mins) and has side effects such as hypersalivation and longer duration

Question 32

how long does tropicamide take to have full effect?

Answer 32

20-30 mins

Question 33

how long does tropicamide last?

Answer 33

5-12 hours

Question 34

how long do the effects of atropine last?

Answer 34

96-120 hours

Question 35

Which colour filter should you use after applying fluorescein drops to highlight the stain?

Answer 35

blue cobolt