Practical Workbook Flashcards
What are osteocytes?
bone cells formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix
What is canaliculi?
canals in the lacunae
What is bone matrix?
produced by osteocytes
Why are major sense organs housed in the skull?
there is a shorter nerve pathway so the impulses do not have to travel as far
why do the five regions of the spine differ from each other ?
supports different structures and allows different movements. Cervical- supports head and neck Thoracic- supports ribs Lumbar- lower back Sacrale- fused Coccygeal- base of spine
What are the stripes that are visible in striated muscle?
contractile proteins (actin and myosin)
What is the function of the sarcolemma?
cell membrane of the striated muscle- controls entry and exit of substances and provides support
Describe the journey of blood through the heart.
- Enters via the vena cava into the right atrium
- Through the atrioventricular valves tricuspid
- right ventricle
- semilunar valves (right)
- pulmonary to the lungs
- pulmonary vein (oxygenated blood) to the left atrium
- through the bicuspid valve
- left ventricle
- semi lunar valve
- aorta to be pumped around the whole body
What is the function of neutrophils?
Granulocyte
phagocytosis
What is the function of Eosinophil?
Granulocyte
attack parasites
What is the function of the Basophil?
Granulocyte
allergic response
What is the function of the monocyte?
Agranulocyte
phagocytosis
What is the function of the lymphocyte?
Agranulocyte
produce antibodies
How do arteries differ to veins?
Arteries- smaller lumen, thicker muscular walls, take blood away from the heart
Veins- Larger lumen, thinner walls, contain valves, take blood towards the heart
Describe the alimentary tract.
- Oral cavity
- Salivary gland
- pharynx
- oesophagus
- stomach
- small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
- large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum)
- Anus
Describe the alimentary tract of ruminants.
- oral cavity
- salivary gland
- pharynx
- oesophagus
- stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum)
- small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
- large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum)
- Anus
What are hepatocytes?
Liver cells
produce bile
What is the exocrine part of the pancreas?
acinar cells
produce and transport enzymes that are passed into the duodenum where they assist in the digestion of food. Islets of Langerhans.
What is the endocrine part of the pancreas?
interlobular duct- sodium bicarbonate
hormones
What are kupffer cells?
detoxification
What are the three layers of the trachea?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyalin Cartilage
Adventicia
What is meant by bronchial tree?
where the trachea bifurcates into two bronchi
What cells can be found in alveoli?
Type 1- overlay capillaries, permits gas exchange, simple squamous
Type 2- cuboidal, surfactant reducing surface tension
Where would you find the blood gas barrier?
alveoli
exists to prevent air bubbles from forming in the blood, and from blood entering the alveoli.
