Practical Workbook

Question 1

What are osteocytes?

Answer 1

bone cells formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix

Question 2

What is canaliculi?

Answer 2

canals in the lacunae

Question 3

What is bone matrix?

Answer 3

produced by osteocytes

Question 4

Why are major sense organs housed in the skull?

Answer 4

there is a shorter nerve pathway so the impulses do not have to travel as far

Question 5

why do the five regions of the spine differ from each other ?

Answer 5

supports different structures and allows different movements.
Cervical- supports head and neck 
Thoracic- supports ribs
Lumbar- lower back
Sacrale- fused
Coccygeal- base of spine

Question 6

What are the stripes that are visible in striated muscle?

Answer 6

contractile proteins (actin and myosin)

Question 7

What is the function of the sarcolemma?

Answer 7

cell membrane of the striated muscle- controls entry and exit of substances and provides support

Question 8

Describe the journey of blood through the heart.

Answer 8

1. Enters via the vena cava into the right atrium
2. Through the atrioventricular valves tricuspid
3. right ventricle
4. semilunar valves (right)
5. pulmonary to the lungs
6. pulmonary vein (oxygenated blood) to the left atrium
7. through the bicuspid valve
8. left ventricle
9. semi lunar valve
10. aorta to be pumped around the whole body

Question 9

What is the function of neutrophils?

Answer 9

Granulocyte

phagocytosis

Question 10

What is the function of Eosinophil?

Answer 10

Granulocyte

attack parasites

Question 11

What is the function of the Basophil?

Answer 11

Granulocyte

allergic response

Question 12

What is the function of the monocyte?

Answer 12

Agranulocyte

phagocytosis

Question 13

What is the function of the lymphocyte?

Answer 13

Agranulocyte

produce antibodies

Question 14

How do arteries differ to veins?

Answer 14

Arteries- smaller lumen, thicker muscular walls, take blood away from the heart
Veins- Larger lumen, thinner walls, contain valves, take blood towards the heart

Question 15

Describe the alimentary tract.

Answer 15

1. Oral cavity
2. Salivary gland
3. pharynx
4. oesophagus
5. stomach
6. small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
7. large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum)
8. Anus

Question 16

Describe the alimentary tract of ruminants.

Answer 16

1. oral cavity
2. salivary gland
3. pharynx
4. oesophagus
5. stomach (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum)
6. small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
7. large intestine (caecum, colon, rectum)
8. Anus

Question 17

What are hepatocytes?

Answer 17

Liver cells

produce bile

Question 18

What is the exocrine part of the pancreas?

Answer 18

acinar cells
produce and transport enzymes that are passed into the duodenum where they assist in the digestion of food. Islets of Langerhans.

Question 19

What is the endocrine part of the pancreas?

Answer 19

interlobular duct- sodium bicarbonate

hormones

Question 20

What are kupffer cells?

Answer 20

detoxification

Question 21

What are the three layers of the trachea?

Answer 21

Mucosa
Submucosa
Hyalin Cartilage
Adventicia

Question 22

What is meant by bronchial tree?

Answer 22

where the trachea bifurcates into two bronchi

Question 23

What cells can be found in alveoli?

Answer 23

Type 1- overlay capillaries, permits gas exchange, simple squamous
Type 2- cuboidal, surfactant reducing surface tension

Question 24

Where would you find the blood gas barrier?

Answer 24

alveoli

exists to prevent air bubbles from forming in the blood, and from blood entering the alveoli.

Question 25

What is excretion?

Answer 25

process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.

Question 26

What is the bowman capsule ?

Answer 26

Surrounds glomerulus

Question 27

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer 27

hypothalamus plays a crucial role in many important functions, including: releasing hormones. regulating body temperature.