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Biology 102 > Practical part 2 > Flashcards

Practical part 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Phylum Porifera

A

(Sponges); no symmetry or true body tissue, can change shape/are porous

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2
Q

Osculum

A

Excretory structure in the living sponge

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3
Q

Spicules

A

Provide structural support and deter predators

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4
Q

Spongin

A

Forms the fibrous skeleton on most sponges; gives the sponge its flexibility

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5
Q

Choanocyte

A

Cells that line the interior of the sponge that wave their flagella to move water

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6
Q

Gemmule

A

internal buds involved in asexual reproduction

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7
Q

Phylum Cnidaria/Ctenophora

A

radial symmetry, two cell layers, nerve network, no organs, key characteristic is cnidocytes, explosive cells containing cnidae, secrectory organelles used for catching prey.. Cnidaria: sea jellies, hydrozoans, corals, sea anemones. Ctenophores: comb jellies

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8
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

symmetry around a central axis

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9
Q

Polyp

A

Cylindrical jelly that has an aboral end attached to a substrate

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10
Q

Medusa

A

The gelatinous umbrella shaped jelly with trailing tentacles. The stingy fuckers

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11
Q

Planula Larva

A

Free-swimming ciliated, bilaterally symmetric larval form of cnidarian species

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12
Q

Sessile

A

Fixed in one place; immobile

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13
Q

Pelagic

A

Open water that is not near the floor or shore; aka where you swim/fish

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14
Q

Zooxanthellae

A

Symbiotic algae that live within coral

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15
Q

Gastrovascular Cavity

A

An opening for which food is digested and exits

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16
Q

Tentacle

A

The tubelike manubrium hangs from the centre of the bell, connecting the mouth at the lower end of the manubrium to the coelenteron within the bell.

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17
Q

Nematocyst

A

A cell in the tentacle can shoot a venomous coiled thread for self defense/preying

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18
Q

Dibloblastic

A

a condition in which there are two primary germ layers, such as ectoderm and endoderm

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19
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

(flatworms, free living, parasitic); no body cavity, dead end gut, unsegmented, diffusion of oxygen/nutrients through body

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20
Q

Acoelomate

A

an invertebrate lacking a coelom, typically a flatworm

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21
Q

Triploblastic

A

Having three primary germ layers, such as ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

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22
Q

Parasite

A

Non-mutual symbiotic relationship between species

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23
Q

Definitive Host

A

An organism that supports the adult/sexually reproductive form of a parasite

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24
Q

Intermediate Host

A

An organism that supports the larval/developmental form of a parasite

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25
Q

Phylum Molluscs

A

a grouping of internal organs (visceral mass), a mantle to enclose the body, and a muscular foot

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26
Q

Class: Polyplacophora

A

(Chitons) 8 dorsal shell plates

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27
Q

Class: Gastropods

A

(snails, slugs, whelks, limpets); land, water, or sea, most have hard shell, aquatic have gills, land has lung with capillaries, muscular foot used for moving, digging, swimming

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28
Q

Class: Bivalves

A

(clams, oysters, mussels, scallops); most are filter feeders with special gills, filter water
through the gap in shell, trap plankton on mucous covered cilia, clamp shell for defense

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29
Q

Class: Cephalopods

A

(octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus); well developed brain with ability to learn, complex
eyes, predators, speed via jet propulsion with contraction of the mantle cavity

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30
Q

Coelom/Coelomate

A

A fluid-filled body cavity formed during embryonic development

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31
Q

Mantle

A

The dorsal body wall that covers the visceral mass and organs

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32
Q

Mantle Cavity

A

Cavity where anus, gills, respiratory and reproductive organs lie

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33
Q

Foot

A

used for jumping or digging

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34
Q

Shell

A

The lower and upper (valves); it’s a shell

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35
Q

Trocophore Larva

A

small, free swimming larva powered by cilia, maintain salt water balance

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36
Q

Open Circulatory System

A

heart pumps blood into cavities, organs covered in blood and tissue, no major veinsO

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37
Q

Phylum: Annelids

A

(earthworms, ragworms, leeches); true coelom, segmented bodies, water, land, and sea, closed circulatory system, well developed digestive system

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38
Q

Metamerism

A

having a linear series of body segments fundamentally similar in structure

39
Q

Closed Circulatory System

A

system in which the heart pumps blood through closed vessels to organs

40
Q

Parapodium

A

any of the paired unjointed lateral appendages of polychaete worms,used in locomotion
Setae: stiff bristles present on the body

41
Q

Setae

A

stiff bristles present on the body

42
Q

Phylum: Nematoda

A

(hookworms and roundworms); free living and parasitic, tubular digestive system, psuedocoelom, epidermis has tough cuticle, live anywhere

43
Q

Cuticle

A

multi layered structure outside the epidermis, which forms an exoskeleton

44
Q

Acoelomate

A

an invertebrate lacking a coelom

45
Q

Hydrostatic Skeleton

A

skeletal system composed of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment; the main skeleton of most cnidarians, flatworms, nematodes, and annelids.

46
Q

Complete Digestive Tract

A

digestive tract with two openings, mouth/anus

47
Q

Phylum: Arthropoda

A

Phylum: Arthropoda: (insects, arachnids, myriapods, crustaceans); segmented bodies, jointed appendages, hard exoskeleton

48
Q

Subphylum Chelicerata

A

Phylum: Arthropoda: (horseshoe crabs) Class: Arachnida (spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites); have 8 legs, two extra appendages for sensing, feeding and defense

49
Q

Subphylum: Crustacea

A

Phylum: Arthropoda: (shrimp, lobsters, crayfish, barnacles, copepods, krill); marine arthropods, copepods and krill form the foundation of the marine food chain

50
Q

Jointed Appendages

A

external body part such as a limb

51
Q

Exoskeleton

A

the external skeleton to surrounds and protects the organism’s body; shell

52
Q

Chitin

A

The compound that makes up the exoskeleton

53
Q

Molting

A

the process of shedding skin, feathers, horns and the formation of new ones

54
Q

Phylum Ecdysis

A

the process of shredding the external skeleton for growth

55
Q

Subphylum: Hexapoda

A

Phylum Ecdysis: Class: Insects (ants, crickets, fruit fly); has the most species >10,000,000; usually fly, only invertebrate with flight

56
Q

Subphylum: Myriapods

A

Phylum Ecdysis: (centipedes/millipedes); all terrestrial, several dozen to hundreds of legs, a single pair of antennae, centipedes are carnivorous, millipedes are detritivores

57
Q

Thorax

A

the area between the head and the abdomen

58
Q

Antennae

A

paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods

59
Q

Compound Eyes

A

multiple tiny eyes with their own lens, receptor cells, and nerves

60
Q

Spiracles

A

an external respiratory opening, especially each of a number of pores on the body of an insect

61
Q

Tracheae

A

a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe

62
Q

Metamorphosis

A

abrupt physical change after birth or hatching

63
Q

Phylum: Echinoderms

A

(sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, sand dollars); radially symmetrical, most can regenerate tissue, organs, and limbs.

64
Q

Class: Asteroidea

A

Phylum: Echinoderms (sea stars)

65
Q

Class: Ophiroidea

A

Phylum: Echinoderms (brittle stars)

66
Q

Class: Echinoidea

A

Phylum: Echinoderms (sea urchins, sand dollars)

67
Q

Class: Holothuroidea

A

Phylum: Echinoderms (sea cucumbers)

68
Q

Class: Holothuroidea

A

Phylum: Echinoderms (sea lilies, feather stars)

69
Q

Deuterostome

A

an animal whose mouth develops from a second opening in the early embryo, opposite to the initial opening blastopore of the rudimentary gut.

70
Q

Dermal Endoskeleton

A

calcareous plates or spines

71
Q

Water Vascular System

A

hydraulic system used for locomotion, food/waste transportation, respiration

72
Q

Tube Feet

A

small tubular projections found on the oral face of a sea star’s arms; part of water vascular system

73
Q

Oral Surface

A

oral – “of the mouth”

74
Q

Aboral Surface

A

aboral – “away from the mouth”

75
Q

Phylum: Chordata

A

(lancelets, sea squirt, vertebrates); notochord, dorsal hollow nevre cord, pharyngeal pouches, anal tail

76
Q

Subphylum: Urochordata/Cephalorchordata

A

Phylum: Chordata (tunicates, sea squirts); no vertebral column

77
Q

Subphylum: Vertebrata

A

Phylum: Chordata (jawless fish, sharks, rays, skates, bony fish); all vertebrates have a skeleton with vertebral column, skull, closed circulatory system and heart

78
Q

Subphylum: Vertebrata. Class: Chondrichthyes

A

(cartilaginous fish, sharks, rays); ectothermic, two pairs of fins for locomotion and stability

79
Q

Subphylum: Vertebrata. Class: Osteichthyes

A

(bony fish); make up the vast majority of fish, gas filled swim bladders to control buoyancy, body covered in oil scales to aid streamlining

80
Q

Notochord

A

a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordates

81
Q

Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord

A

a hollow nerve cord that is modified into the central nervous system

82
Q

Pharyngeal Gill Slits

A

filter-feeding organs found in non-vertebrate chordates

83
Q

Post

A

an extension of the spinal cord that extends past the anus

84
Q

Cartilaginous Endoskeleton

A

cartilage endoskeleton that grows rather than bone

85
Q

Bony Endoskeleton

A

bone endoskeleton rather than cartilage

86
Q

Scales

A

a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal’s skin to provide protection

87
Q

Superclass: Tetrapods

A

(amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals); 4 limbs

88
Q

Class: Amphibians

A

Superclass: Tetrapods. (frogs, toads, salamanders); semi aquatic, all lay their eggs in the water, frogs are 90% of amphibians, distinct life stages (metamorphosis), gills as aquatic tadpole, lungs as adults

89
Q

Class: Reptiles

A

Superclass: Tetrapods. (turtles, tortoises, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, alligators); internal fertilization with amniotic eggs, waterproof skin, water conserving excretory system)

90
Q

Reptile subclass: Aves

A

(Birds); warm blooded, two legged, winged, feathered vertebrates, four chambered heart, strong but light exoskeleton, toothless beak

91
Q

Class: Mammalia

A

Superclass: Tetrapods. (rodents, primates, carnivore, ungulate, several others); endothermic with hair, mammary glands, neocortex, intelligent

92
Q

Amniotic Egg

A

the type of egg produced by reptiles, birds, and egg laying mammals

93
Q

Mammary Glands

A

an organ in female mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring

94
Q

Enodthermy

A

the ability to control body temp through internal means such as shivering or increasing metabolism

Biology 102 (6 decks)

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