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Anatomy > Practical Exam 3- Thoracic Cavity > Flashcards

Practical Exam 3- Thoracic Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Jugular Notch

A

Notch at the top of the Manubrium

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2
Q

Sternal Angle

A

In between the Manubrium and Body of the Sternum

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3
Q

Manubrium

A

Top part of the Sternum Middle of the chest

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4
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

Bottom Part of the Sternum

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5
Q

Identify Intercostal Spaces by #

A

Filled with three layers of Muscles
11 total Intercostal Spaces
Each is numbered according to the Rib that forms its superior boundary

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6
Q

External Intercostal Muscle

A

The most Superfical of the Intercostals
Elevates the rib that lies inferiority
Diagonal Fibers that run from Lateral at the top to Medial at the Bottom

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7
Q

Internal Intercostal Muscle

A

Middle of the Intercostals
Depresses the rib above
Fibers run perpendicular to the external fibers- Medial at the top to Lateral at the bottom

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8
Q

Innermost Intercostal Muscle

A

Identify Inner Surface of Chest
Deepest of the Intercostal Muscles
Same attachments, fiber directions, and action as the Internal Intercostal Muscle

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9
Q

Right and Left internal Thoracic Arteries and Veins

A

Anterior Intercostal Branch: Supplies Anterior Intercostal Space
Located Between the transversus thoracis muscle and the costal cartilages
They are the Vessels that run vertically along the edges of the sternum.

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10
Q

Transversus Thoracis

A

Attaches to the sternum and the costal cartilages 2-6
This muscle depresses the ribs.
Lies deep to the Innermost Intercostal costal Muscle and Superficial to the lungs.

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11
Q

Parietal Pluras

A

If air enters the Pleural Cavity (pneumothorax), the lung will collapse due to elasticity of its tissue
Excess Fluid (serous fluid or blood from trauma) may accumulate in the Plueral Cavity and Compress the lungs.
Four parts- Costal, Mediastinal, Diaphragmatic, and Cervical
Costal pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic wall
Mediastinal pluera lines the Heart
Diaphragmatic Pleura lines the superior surface of the Diaphragm
Cervical Pleura extends Superior to the first rib

Then there is a Plueral Cavity deep to the Parietal Pleuras
The Visceral Pleura lies deep to the Pleural Cavity and covers the surface of the lungs

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12
Q

Left Lung Lobes

A

Split in to two: Superior, Inferior

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13
Q

Right Lung Lobes

A

Split into three: Superior, Middle, Inferior

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14
Q

Oblique Fissures

A

It exists on both lungs
Lies deep to the fifth rib
Referred to as the Major Fissure.
Separates the Inferior Lobe from the other lobes and runs all of the way around

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15
Q

Horizontal (Right Only) Fissures

A

Fissure in between the Superior and Middle Lobes
Does not run all of the way around
Referred to as the Minor or Transverse Fissure
Lies deep to the 4th Rib

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16
Q

Cardiac Notch (Left Only)

A

Superior Lobe of the Left Lung on the Anterior side

Anterior to the heart

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17
Q

Surfaces

Costal, Mediastinal, Diaphragmatic

A

These are the surfaces that touch the Ribs (Costal), Mediastinal (Heart), and Diaphragm (Diaphramatic)
The ribs will often leave a Cardiac Impression. The portion of the lungs that are touched by the Ribs

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18
Q

Lingula (Left Lung)

A

The little “Lip” part of the left lung inferior to the Cardiac Notch

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19
Q

Pulmonary Ligament

A

Ligament that is on the medialaspect of the lungs where different structures entrance the lungs: in the Hilum.

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20
Q

Hilum

A

The root of the Lung
The Hilum are all of the structures on the inside of the border of the Pulmonary Ligament. This structures include Bronchi, Pulmonary Artery, Bronchial Artery, Bronchopulmonary Lymph Nodes, and Superior and Inferior Pulmonary Veins.

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21
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

The large artery in the Hilum.
Carries blood from the heart to the Lungs to oxygenate the blood.
This lies superior to the other vessels in the lungs

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22
Q

External Intercostal Membrane

A

Anterior Between Costal Cartilages

The membrane that replaces the external intercostal muscle anteriorly, between costal cartilages.

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23
Q

“VAN”

Intercostal Vein, Artery, Nerve

A

Run in the plain between the Internal and Innermost Intercostal Muscle
Supply the Intercostal muscles, skin of the thoracic wall, and the parietal pleura
From superior to inferior is Vein, Artery, Nerve- VAN

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24
Q

Collateral Vessels

A

Superior Border Inferior Rib
Lies between the Ribs like “VAN”, but “VAN” is next to the Superior Rib while the Collateral Vessels are near the Inferior Rib

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25
Q

Costomediastinal Recess

A

The space of the pleural cavity between the costal cartilages and the mediastinum
Only Medial to the Left Lung

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26
Q

Costodiaphragmatic Recess

A

The cleftlike extension of the pleural cavity between the diaphragm and the rib cage
Pleural effusions collect here when in the upright position
Inferior to both the Right and the Left Lung

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27
Q

Surfaces of the Lungs

A

Each lung has three surfaces: Costal, Mediastinal, and Diaphragmatic Surfaces

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28
Q

Phrenic Nerve

A

*Anterior to Root, Crosses Pericardium
The phrenic nerve is a bilateral, mixed nerve that originates in the neck and descends through the thorax to reach the diaphragm. As the only source of motor innervation to the diaphragm, this nerve has an important role in breathing
Passes Medial to the Lungs
Innervates the central part of the diaphragm, the pericardium and the mediastinal part of the parietal pleura.
1.5 cm anterior to root of lung

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29
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

*Posterior to Lung Root
Extending from the brain stem to the abdomen by way of multiple organs including the heart, esophagus, and lungs
Known as Cranial Nerve X, the vagus forms part of the involuntary nervous system and commands unconscious body procedures, such as keeping the heart rate constant and controlling food digestion.

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30
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

They are the most inferior vessels of the Hilum
These contain oxygen rich RBC’s and are returning them to the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body
A Superior and Inferior one
Feed into the Left Atrium
These Right and Left Pulmonary Veins come out of the posterior side of the Heart and appear horizontal shooting Left and Right

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31
Q

Trachea, Bronchopulmonary Lymph Node

A

Lymph Nodes are also in the Hilum
Lymph Nodes are between the Main Bronchus and Pulmonary Veins
Trachea is the rough, vaccum-tube-like structure that breaks into the Main, or Primary, Bronchus

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32
Q

Primary Bronchus

A

Also known as Main Bronchus
The main bronchus arising at the tracheal bifurcation and extending into the developing lung of the embryo.
This is the part that enters the Hilum
Left one is more at an angle and the Right one shoots straight down.

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33
Q

Secondary Bronchus

A

The next section following the Primary Bronchus

There are 2 in the Left Lung and 3 in the Right Lung

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34
Q

Tertiary Bronchus

A

The last section of the Bronchi and follows the Secondary Bronchus
Also called the Segmental Bronchi
Lower in the lung, they become smaller and break up into the Primary Bronchioles
The Left Lung has 9 and the Right Lung has 10

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35
Q

Bronchial Artery

A

The smallest of the vessels in the Hilum
The bronchial arteries are responsible for the majority of the oxygenated blood supply to the lung
Arise from the thoracic aorta
Supplies the Trachea, Bronchi, Lymph Nodes, Visceral Pleura, Esophagus (middle-third), Posterior Mediastinum, Vagus Nerve, and Vaso Vasorum

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36
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

The fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and the roots of the great vessels, composed of external (fibrous) and internal (serous) layers.
Fibrous Pericardium is the External Layer of the Pericardium, consisting of dense fibrous tissue.

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37
Q

Serous Pericardium
Parietal Layer
Visceral Layer

A

Serous Pericardium is the inner, serous portion of Pericardium, consisting of two layers, visceral and parietal
The Parietal Pericardium the Parietal Layer of the Serous Pericardium, which is in contact with the Fibrous Pericardium.
The Visceral Pericardium the inner layer of the Serous Pericardium, which is in contact with the heart and roots of the great vessels. Also called the Epicardium
Order from Superficial to deep is Fibrous, Serous (Parietal, Visceral)

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38
Q

Pericardial Cavity

A

The space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement

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39
Q

Right and Left Pericardiacophrenic Vessels

A

The Pericardiacophrenic artery is a branch of the Internal thoracic artery.
Supplies the Pericardium and Thoracic diaphragm
Arises from the Internal thoracic artery behind the First rib and descends along the Phrenic Nerve, between the pleura and the pericardium toward the diaphragm.

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40
Q

Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Superior Vena Cava

A

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart into the Right Atria
Inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower body (Massive one coming out the back
Superior vena cava carries blood from the head, arms, and upper body (Massive one coming out the base of the heart in front) (Farthest to the Right side of the Base)

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41
Q

Pulmonary Trunk

A

Farthest to the Left side of the Base

Originates from the Right Ventricle and branches into the Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries, which lead to the lungs

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42
Q

Ascending Aorta

A

In between the Superior Vena Cava and the Pulmonary Trunk
The first part of the aorta begins at the aortic valve
It terminates as it exits the fibrous pericarium where it becomes the aortic arch

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43
Q

Ligamentum Ateriosum

A

Remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within three weeks after birth
Between the Aortic Arch and the Pulmonary Trunk
Looks like a tiny connective Branch between the two

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44
Q

Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

A

Branch of Vagus to Larynx
Posterior to Ligamentum Arteriosum
Innervates the Larynx

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45
Q

Apex of Heart

A

Bottom tip of the Heart

Part of the Left Ventricle

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46
Q

Base of Heart

A

The Left and part of the Right Atrium

Where the emergence of the Great Vessels of the Heart occurs

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47
Q

Coronary Sulcus

A

Groove, Houses, Coronary Artery

A groove on the outer surface of the Heart marking the division between the Atria and the Ventricles.

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48
Q

Interventricular Sulcus

A

Shallow Groove
Has blood vessels and marks the separation between Ventricles on the Anterior and Posterior sides
The Anterior Interventricular Sulcus contains a branch of the left coronary artery and is on the anterior surface of the Heart
The Posterior Interventricular Sulcus contains another branch of a coronary artery and is on the Diaphragmatic Surface of the Heart

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49
Q

Crux of Heart

A

The area on the lower back side of the heart where the coronary sulcus and the posterior interventricular sulcus meet

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50
Q

Right and Left Atrium and Auricles

A

Auricles are attached to the Atrium
Both at the Superior end of the Heart
Auricle is a small, cone-shaped pouch which comes out from the upper and front part of the Atrium and overlaps the root of the Aorta
Atrium receive blood from the Body and the Lungs

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51
Q

Right and Left Ventricles

A

In charge of pumping blood to the Lungs and the Body

The larger parts of the heart (Significantly larger than the Artia)

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52
Q

Aortic Semilunar Valve

A

All valves function to prevent blood backflow into the heart, acting like doors between the chambers.
A Semilunar Valve between the Aorta and the Left Ventricle

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53
Q

Pulmonary Semilar Valve

A

A Semilunar Valve between the Right Ventricle and the Pulmonary Artery

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54
Q

Nodules and Lunules

A

On Pulmonary and Aortic Semilunar Valves
Helps seal the valves
Nodule is essentially the tip of it while the Lunules are along the edges to the Cusps.

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55
Q

Coronary Sinus

A

Back of Heart
A wide venous channel about 2.25 centimeters in length that receives blood from the Coronary Veins and empties into the Right Atrium of the Heart
Runs horizontally along the posterior side of the heart just inferior to the Left Atrium
It serves as the primary collector of cardiac venous blood

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56
Q

Great Cardiac Vein

A

In the Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
It’s the Distal Portion of the Coronary Sinus
Returns the deoxygenated blood from the Anterior side of the Heart to the Coronary Sulcus

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57
Q

Middle Cardiac Vein

A

In the Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
The Vein that begins at the Apex of the Heart and Ascends within the Posterior Interventricular Sulcus to the Coronary Sinus.

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58
Q

Small Cardiac Vein

A

It accompanies the Right Coronary Artery in the Coronary Sulcus, from the right margin of the Right Ventricle, and emptying into the Coronary Sinus or the Middle Cardiac Vein.

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59
Q

Openings of Left Coronary Artery

A

Find in Aorta
Provides blood to the left side of the Heart
Splits in the Left Anterior Descending Artery and the Circumflex Artery

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60
Q

Anterior Interventricular branch

A

Also known as left anterior descending of LCA
The Left Anterior Descending Artery is known as the widowmaker
This branch sits in the Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
Runs with the Great Cardiac Vein

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61
Q

Circumflex Branch of LCA

A

Runs along side of the Coronary Sulcus

Supplies most of the Left Atrium

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62
Q

Right Coronary Artery

A

Find Opening in Aorta
Provides blood to the right ventricle, the right atrium, and the SA and AV nodes
Splits into the SA Nodal Artery, Right Posterior Descending Artery, Right Marginal Artery, and AV Nodal Artery

63
Q

SA Nodal Branch

A

Immediately after the Right Coronary Artery branches off the Aorta, the SA Nodal Branch shoots up to the SA Node

64
Q

Right Marginal Branch

A

With Small Cardiac Vein

Runs along the Inferior, Anterior side of the heart

65
Q

Posterior Interventricular Branch

A

Also know as Right Posterior Descending Artery

Runs in the Posterior Interventricular Groove

66
Q

AV Nodal Branch

A

At crux of Heart

Branches off at the Crux of the Heart and moves to the AV Node

67
Q

Pectinate Muscle and Crista Terminalis

A

Mainly located in the Right Atrium, but also in the Left Atrium
Allows for stronger contractions
Pectinate Muscles are horizontal ridges of muscle
Crista Terminalis are the Vertical Ridge of muscle that connects the Pectinate Muscles

68
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

A depression in the Right Atrium of the Heart
At the wall between Right and Left Atrium.
It’s the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development

69
Q

Sites of SA and AV Nodes

A

SA Node is right at the entrance of the Superior Vena Cava

AV Node is where the blood is pumped from the Right Atrium to Right Ventricle (Near the Tricuspid Valve)

70
Q

Right AV Valve

A

Also know as the Tricuspid Valve
Between the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
Three flap-like Cusps

71
Q

Chordae Tendonae and Papillary mm

A

Chordae Tendonae are strong, fibrous strings attached to the leaflets (or cusps) of the heart on the ventricular side and originate from the papillary muscles, which project inward from the walls of the ventricle
Papillary Muscles are located in the Ventricles. They attach to the cusps of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid valves) via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole
There are Anterior, Posterior, and Septal Papillary Muscles

72
Q

Trabecula Carnae and Moderator Band

A

Trabula Carnae is the inner surface of the Ventricular wall and appears roughened because of these muscular ridges
Moderator Band is a large band that crosses the lower portion of the Right Ventricular Chamber

73
Q

Conus Arteriosus

A

Smooth Area to Pulmonary Trunk
The cone shaped portion of the Right Ventricle inferior to the opening of the Pulmonary Trunk
It’s just a big smooth area inferior to the Pulmonary Trunk

74
Q

Valve of Formaen Ovale

A

Foramen Ovale allows blood to pass from the Right Atrium to the Left Atrium, bypassing the nonfunctional fetal lungs while the fetus obtains its oxygen from the placenta
A flap of tissue called the Septum Primum acts as a valve

75
Q

Left AV Valve

A

Mitral Valve or Bicuspid Valve (Two Cusps)

Between the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle

76
Q

Muscular Interventricular Septum

A

This separates the Right Ventricle from the Left Ventricle

77
Q

Aortic Valve

A

The Aortic Valve separates the Left Ventricular outflow tract from the ascending aorta.
Also called the Left Semilunar Valve
Has 3 Cusps: the left coronary cusp, the right coronary cusp, and the non-coronary cusp

78
Q

Camper’s Fascia

A

Superficial Fatty Layer

Looks like Popcorn

79
Q

Membranous Layer

Scarpa’s Fascia

A

Deeper Layer

It attaches to the Fascia Lata of the thigh and is continuous with named fascias in the Perineum

80
Q

Xiphisternal Junction

A

The connection between the Xiphoid Process and the Body of the Sternum

81
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

The most Inferior portion of the Sternum

82
Q

Costal Margin

A

The border of the rib cage that is cartilage of ribs 7-11 instead of bone

83
Q

Pubic Crest

A

The area that is on top of and on either side of the Pubic Symphysis

84
Q

Pubic Tubercle

A

The bone protrusion that is on either side of the pubic symphysis

85
Q

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

A

The part of the Ilium that can be palpated from the anterior side.

86
Q

Iliac Crest

A

The Superior portion on the Posterior end of the Ilium that can be palpated from the posterior side

87
Q

Tubercle of Iliac Crest

A

The portion of the Ilium that is often referred to as the hip bone

88
Q

Pecten Pubis (Pectineal Line)

A

The area that is immediately lateral to the Pubic Crest

89
Q

External Oblique

A

Origin: External Surfaces of Ribs 5-12
Insertion: Linea Alba, Pubic Tubercle, Anterior Half of Iliac Crest
Action: Compresses and Supports Abdominal Viscera, Flexes and Rotates Trunk
Nerve: Ventral Rami of 6 Inferior Thoracic Nerves
Blood Supply: Superior and Inferior Epigastric Arteries

90
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Origin: Thoracolumbar Fascia, Anterior 2/3 of Iliac Crest, Lateral Half of Inguinal Ligament
Insertion: Inferior Borders of Ribs 10-12, Linea Alba, Pubis via Conjoint Tendon
Action: Compresses and Supports Abdominal Viscera, Flexes and Rotates Trunk
Nerve: Ventral Rami of 6 Inferior Thoracic and First Lumbar Nerves
Blood Supply: Superior and Inferior Epigastric and Deep Circumflex Iliac Arteries

91
Q

Transversus Abdominis

A

Origin: Internal Surfaces of Costal Cartilages 7-12, Thoracolumbar Fasic, Iliac Crest, Lateral Third of Inguinal Ligament
Insertion: Linea Alba with aponeurosis of Internal Oblique, Pubic Crest, and Pecten Pubis via Conjoint Tendon
Action: Compresses and Supports Abdominal Viscera
Nerve: Ventral Rmai of 6 Inferior Thoracic and First Lumbar Nerves
Blood Supply: Deep Circumflex Iliac and Inferior Epigastric Arteries

92
Q

Pyramidalis (May be Absent)

A 
Origin: Body of Pubis, Anterior to Rectus Abdominis
Insertion: Linea Alba
Action: Tenses Linea Alba
Nerve: Iliohypogastric Nerve
Blood Supply: Inferior Epigastric Artery
93
Q

External Oblique Aponeurosis

A

The fibrous/tendonous part of the External Oblique
The portion of the aponeurosis attached to the Pubic bone forms the Superficial Inguinal Ring by splitting into Medial and Lateral Crura.

94
Q

Superficial Inguinal Ring

A

The split in the Aponqurosis where the Spermatic Cord passes through

95
Q

Lateral (Inferior) Crus

A

Forms the Lateral margin of the Superficial Inguinal Ring

These fibers attach to the Pubic Tubercle

96
Q

Intercrural Fibers

A

They run from Lateral to Medial
Delicate Fibers that span across the Crura Superolateral to the Superficial Inguinal Ring.
They prevent the crura from spreading apart

97
Q

Medial (Superior) Crus

A

Forms the Medial Margin of the Superficial Inguinal Ring

These fibers attach to the Pubic Crest

98
Q

Inguinal Ligament

A

The Inferior border of the Aponeurosis of the External Oblique Muscle
It spans from the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine to the Pubic Tubercle
Vessels and Nerve ext the abdominal cavity and enter the lower limb by passing Posterior to the Inguinal Ligament

99
Q

Ilioinguinal Nerve

A

Courses through the Inguinal Canal to emerge at the Superficial Inguinal Ring
Lies anterior to the Spermatic Cord (Round Ligament of the Uterus)
Supplies sensory fibers to the skin on the anterior surface of the external genitalia and the medial surface of the thigh

100
Q

Cremaster Muscle and Fascia

A

Small bundle of fibers that connects the Internal Oblique Muscle to the Superficial side of the Spermatic Cord or Round Ligament
This muscle is the contribution of the Internal Oblique Muscle to the coverings of the Spermatic Cord
In females it surrounds the Round Ligament of the Uterus

101
Q

Iliohypogastric Nerve

A

Runs parallel to the Ilioinguinal Nerve and Superior to it

102
Q

Deep Inguinal Ring

A

The point at which the Gubernaculum passed through the Transversalis Fasciaduring development
Located Superior to the midpoint of the Inguinal Ligament
In males, the Ductus Deferens passes through it

103
Q

Inferior Epigastric Vessels

A

They are located within the layer of Extraperitoneal Fasca

They lie Deep to the Spermatic Cord

104
Q

Rectus Sheath

A

The Aponeurosis of the 3 flat abdominal muscles
The Rectus Sheath contains the Rectus Abdominis Muscle, the Pyramidialis Muscle, the Super and Inferior Epigastric Vessels, and the terminal ends of the Ventral Rami of the Spinal Nerves T7-T12

105
Q

Tendinous Intersections

A

These are the attachments of the Rectus Abdominus to the Anterior Wall of the Rectus Sheath
These are the horizontal lines in between the muscles that make different “packs” (6-pack)

106
Q

Semilunar Line

A

The part of the Fascia that forms the outer edge of the Rectus Abdominis

107
Q

Linea Alba

A

The fusion of the Aponeuroses of the right and left Flat Abdominal Muscles

108
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: Pubic Symphysis, Pubic Crest
Insertion: Xiphoid Process, Costal Cartilages 5-7
Action: Flexes Trunk, Compresses Abdominal Viscera
Nerve: Ventral Rami of 6 Inferior Thoracic Nerves
Blood Supply: Superior and Inferior Epigastric Arteries

109
Q

Superior Epigastric Vessels

A

On the Superior half of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle

Essentially Superior to the Umbilicus are the Superior Epigastric Vessels

110
Q

Inferior Epigastric Vessels

A

On the Inferior half of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle

Essentially Inferior to the Umbilicus are the Inferior Epigastric Vessels

111
Q

Pyramidialis Muscles

A

This muscle is frequently absent

It attaches to the anterior surgace of the Pubis and the Linea Alba and it draws down the Linea Alba

112
Q

Liver

A

Right, Left, Caudate, Quadrate Lobes
Lies against the anterior surface of the diaphragm
The Falciform Ligament divides it into Right and Left Lobes
Quadrate Lobe lies on Posterior side of the Liver between the Falciform Ligament and the Gallbladder
The Caudate Lobe is on the Posterior side of the Liver and is Superior to the Quadrate Lobe

113
Q

Falciform Ligament

A

The Falciform Ligament divides it into Right and Left Lobes

114
Q

Round Ligament

A

On Inferior Edge of Falciform
A fibrous cord resulting from the obliteration of the Umbilical Vein. It ascends from the Umbilicus to the UmbilicalNnotch of the Liver, from which it may be traced in its proper fossa on the inferior surface of the liver to the porta

115
Q

Gallbladder

A

Next to 9th Costal Cartilage

Extends below the Inferior Border of the Liver

116
Q

Stomach

A

Left Upper quadrant
Continuous with the esophagus proximally and the Duodenum distally.
The Liver Partially covers the Anterior Surface of the Stomach
Body of the Stomach is the part that lies between the fundus and the pyloric antrum
The Greater Curvature is on the Lateral Inferior side of the stomach
The Lesser Curvature is on the Medial Superior side of the stomach

117
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Great curvature

It’s attached to the greater curvature of the stomach

118
Q

Lesser Omentum (Gastrohepatic/Small Omentum)

A

Hepatogastric Ligament connects lesser curvature to liver
This is part of the peritoneum that is found in a double layer and goes from the beginning of the duodenum and stomach’s lesser curvature to the liver.

119
Q

Pancreas

A

The pancreas lies within the bend of the duodenum
It lies across the midline and is positioned against vertebral bodies
In order from the duodenum to the spleen/kidney is Head, Neck, Body, Tail

120
Q

Mesocolon

A

The Mesocolon anchors the Colon to the back body wall

121
Q

Teniae Coli

A

Smooth Longitudinal Muscles of the Colon

Line of Muscle passing through the middle of the colon

122
Q

Haustra-Pouches

A

Pouches of the colon, produced by adaptation of its length to the taenia coli, or by collection of circular muscle fibers 1 or 2 cm apart
The haustra are make the colon look bubbly/lumpy

123
Q

Epiploic (Omental) Appendages

A

Small pouches of the peritoneum filled with fat and situated along the colon, but are absent in the rectum
They run along the Teniae Coli

124
Q 
Diaphragm
     Central Tendon
     Esophogeal Hiatus
     Venal Cava Foramen
     Aortic Hiatus
A

Forms the roof of the Abdominal Cavity and the floor of the Thoracic Cavity
The principle muscle of Respiration
The Central Tendon is the aponeurotic center of the diaphragm and the distal attachment of all of it muscular parts
The Esophogeal Hiatus is an opening in the Right Crus where the Esophagus passes through
The Venal Cava Foramen passes through the Central Tendon and is where the Inferior Vena Cava passes through
The Aortic Hiatus passes behind the diaphragm and is where the Aorta passes through

125
Q

Aorta

A

The main artery of the body, supplying oxygenated blood to the circulatory system
It passes over the heart from the left ventricle and runs down in front of the backbone

126
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

A large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart

Runs alongside the Aorta

127
Q

Renal Artery and Vein

A

They are the vessel connections between the Kidney and the Abdominal Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava

128
Q

Internal Iliac Artery

A

The internal iliac artery is the smaller terminal branch of the common iliac artery. It supplies the pelvic walls, pelvic viscera, external genitalia, the perineum, buttock and medial part of the thigh

129
Q

External Iliac Artery

A

The external iliac artery is the larger of the two terminal branches of the common iliac artery
Run along the iliopsoas muscle. After it enters the thigh under the inguinal ligament, it changes name and continues as the femoral artery

130
Q

Common Iliac Artery

A

The Aorta splits into two Common Iliac Ateries

131
Q

Femoral Artery

A

The extension of the External Iliac Artery after it passes the Inguinal Ligament
Supplies blood to the lower limb

132
Q

Small Intestine
Mesentary
Ileocecal Valve

A

From beginning to end Dudenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
Begins at the end of the Stomach and ends at the beginning of the Large Intestine
Mesentary is a fold of tissue that attaches organs to the body wall and it anchors the small intestines to the back of the abdominal wall. Blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics branch through the mesentery to supply the intestine
Ileocecal Valveis a sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine. Its critical function is to limit the reflux of colonic contents into the ileum

133
Q

Kidney and Adrenal Gland

A 
The Kidneys lies against the Posterior Abdominal Wall
The Adrenal (Suprarenal) Gland acts as a hat on top of the Kidneys
134
Q

Ureter

A

The Renal Pelvis (a small bunch in the middle of the Kidney) goes on to become the Ureter
The muscular duct that carries urine from the kidney to the Urinary Bladder

135
Q

Bladder

A

A membranous sac in humans and other animals, in which urine is collected for excretion.
Its a round structure on the midline

136
Q 
Large Intestine
     Cecum
     Ascending
     Transverse
     Descending
     Sigmoid
A

Also Know as the Colon
The entrance is at the CECUM where it then goes up the ASCENDING COLON and rounds the corner into the TRANSVERSE COLON at the superior end which later rounds another corner into the DESCENDING COLON in time to become the SIGMOID COLON at the end before the Rectum

137
Q

Appendix

A

It’s a small strand that shoots off inferiorly from the Cecum

138
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin: Iliac Crest, Iliac Fossa, Ala of Sacrum, and Anterior Sacroiliac Ligaments
Insertion: Tendon of Psoas Major, Lesser Trochanter, and Femur
Action: Flexes thigh at hip joint and stabilizes the joint
Nerve: Femoral Nerve (L2,L3)
Blood Supply: Iliac Branches of Iliolumbar Artery

139
Q

Psoas Major

A

Origin: Sides of T12-L5 and discs between; Transverse Processes of all Lumbar
Insertion: Lesser Trochanter of Femur
Action: Flexes thigh at hip joint and stabilizes the joint
Nerve: Anterior Rami of Lumbar Nerves (L1, L2, L3)
Blood Supply: Lumbar branches of Iliolumbar Artery

140
Q

Quadratus Lumborum

A

Origin: Medial Half of Posterior Iliac Crest and Iliolumbar Ligament
Insertion: Transverse Processes of L1-L4 and Medial half of 12th Rib
Action: Extends the Vertebral Column and also laterally flexes the vertebral column
Nerve: Subcostal Nerve and Ventral Rami of L1-L4
Blood Supply: Lumbar Artery

141
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

T12-L4
Formed within the Psoas Major Muscles, and its branches can be seen as they emerge from the lateral border of this muscle.
Only seen after the removal of the Psoas Major Muscle
Superior to Inferior: Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral, Lateral Cutaneous, Obturator, Femoral
I, I Get Leftovers On Friday

142
Q

Genitofemoral Nerve
Genital Branch
Femoral Branch

A

Pierces Psoas Major
The Genital branch innervates the skin of the anterior scrotum (in males) or the skin over mons pubis and labium majus (in females).
The Femoral branch innervates the skin on the upper anterior thighnital branch innervates the cremasteric muscle

143
Q

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh

A

Innervates the anterior and lateral thigh down to the level of the knee

144
Q

Femoral Nerve

A

Innervates the muscles: Illiacus, pectineus, sartorius, all the muscles of quadriceps femoris

145
Q

Obturator Nerve

A

Innervates the muscles: obturator externus, pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis

146
Q

Lumbosarcral Nerve

A

Lumbosacral Trunk leads to Superior and Inferior Gluteal Nerve, Nerve to Opturator Internus, and Sciatic Nerve

147
Q

Femoral Vein

A

Femoral Vein spints into 3
Superficial Epigastric Vein splits into 2
Thoracoepigastric Vein leads to
Axillary Vein

148
Q

Clavicular Notch of Manubrium

A

The attachment point of the Clavicle to the Manubrium

149
Q

Anterior Sternoclavicular Ligament

A

Sternoclavicular Joint Ligament

The ligament attaching Clavicle to Manubrium on the Anterior side.

150
Q

Costoclavicular Ligament

A

Ligament from the Clavicle to the cartilage of the 1st Ligament

151
Q

Articular Disk

A

Shock Absorber

In the Sternoclavicular Joint cavity.

152
Q

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

A

Coracoacromial Ligament, Trapezoid Ligament, Conoid Ligament, Acromioclavicular Ligament
From Lateral to Medial- Coracoacromial Ligament, Trapezoid Ligament, Conoid Ligament
Acromioclavicular Ligament is up top

153
Q

Medacarpophalangeal Joint

A

The joints between the carpal bones and the 5 Digits

154
Q

Glenohumeral (GH) Joint

A

Capsule of GH Joint- Covers and Protects the components of the GH Joint
Glenoid Labrum- Ring around the Glenoid Fossa, which deepens the socket
Glenoid Fossa- The socket where the head of the Humerus is kept
Glenohumoral Ligaments
Subscapularis Ligament- Goes from the Anterior part of the Humerus to the Subscapular Fossa
Transverse Humeral Ligament- Runs just lateral to the Subscapularis ligament and covers the Long Head of the Biceps Brachii
Capsular Ligament- 3 Ligaments covering the Capsule. Superior, Middle, Inferior. Inferior is most injured during dislocation
Elbow Joint
Joint Capsule- Covers the joint deep to all of the ligaments
Ulnar Collateral- Medial side. Anterior, Posterior, and Trasverse. Top, Closer to Olecranon, and Bottom
Radial Collateral- Lateral side. Ligament from Lateral Eipcondyle to Radius and Ulna
Annular Ligament- Runs from Radius to Ulnar over the top of the Radius.

Anatomy (12 decks)

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