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Topographic anatomy > Practical: Dog > Flashcards

Practical: Dog Flashcards

1
Q

Inguinal ring

A
  • Located medially to the pectineus muscle
  • Male:
    • Within the skin fold suspending the prepuce
  • Female:
    • Deep to the mammary gland
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2
Q

Bladder

A
  • Only palpable when full
  • Caudoventral abdominal wall is grabbed
  • Movement of urine can be felt
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3
Q

Canalis femoralis

A

Composed of:

  • Sartorius
  • Gracillis
  • Vastus medialis
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4
Q

Structures located inside the femoral canal

A
  • Femoral A./v.
  • Proximal caudal femoral artery
  • Saphenous nerve
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5
Q

What is cardiac border auscultation used for?

A

In order to locate the puncta maxima of the heart

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6
Q

List the cardiac borders

A
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Aorta
  • Left AV
  • Right AV
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7
Q

Cardiac border: Pulmonary trunk

A

Left side:

  • 3rd intercostal space
  • Above the sternum
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8
Q

Cardiac border: Aorta

A

Left side:

  • 4th intercostal space
  • In line with shoulder
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9
Q

Cardiac border: Left AV

A

Left side:

  • 5th intercostal space
  • Distal 3rd
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10
Q

Cardiac border: Right AV

A

Right side:

  • 4th intercostal space
  • Genu costae
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11
Q

Cardiac dullness

A
  • Percussion between the ribs
  • Determines the borders of the heart
  • Thickening of the lungs around the heart gives relative dullness
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12
Q

Cardiac dullness: Left side

A
  • 4th-6th intercostal space
  • Distal third
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13
Q

Cardiac dullness: Right side

A
  • 4th-5th intercostal space
  • Distal third
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14
Q

The loudest sound observed during percussion is referred to as…

A

Punctum maximum

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15
Q

List the nerve blocks of the hindlimb

A
  • Tibial nerve block
  • Fibular nerve block
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16
Q

Fibular nerve block

A
  • Nerve passes over the head of the fibula
  • Can be palpated with the fingernail
  • Aspirate + Inject parallel to the skin
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17
Q

Tibial nerve block

A
  • Nerve can be felt in the skin adjacent to the CCT
  • Aspirate + Inject parallel to the skin
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18
Q

Radial nerve block

A
  • Supplies extensors of the elbow, carpus + digits
  • Enters the triceps distal to the teres major muscle
  • Passes in front of the lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Inject in a ventral position
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19
Q

Ulnar nerve

A
  • Supplies the flexors of the antebrachium
  • Originates with the median nerve
  • Travels on the medial aspect of the humerus
  • Branches passes through the carpal canal
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20
Q

Ulnar nerve: Injection site

A

Between the tendons of:

  • m. ulnaris lateralis
  • m. flexor carpi ulnaris

At the level of the accessory carpal bone, accessed laterally

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21
Q

Mental nerve block

A
  • Emerges from the mental foramen
  • Acts on the lower lip and lower teeth
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22
Q

Inferior alveolar nerve block (‘Alveolaris mandibularis’)

A
  • Enters mandibular foramen
  • Supplying teeth and gums
  • Needle is inserted medial to the mandibular notch
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23
Q

Lingual nerve block

A
  • Originates from the mandibular nerve
  • Travels rostrally to the tongue
  • Between styloglossus + mylohyoid muscles
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24
Q

Median nerve block

A

Located between:

  • Radial carpal flexor
  • Superficial digital flexor

Accessed on medial side

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25
Q

Name the carpal bones

A
  1. Radial carpal bone (fused)
  2. Intermediate carpal bone (fused)
  3. Ulnar carpal bone
  4. Accessory carpal bone (palpable)
  5. 1st carpal bone
  6. 2nd carpal bone
  7. 3rd carpal bone
  8. 4th carpal bone
26
Q

List the dorsal tendons found on the carpus

A

Tendon of:

  • Ulnar carpal extensor
  • Radial carpal extensor
  • Lateral digital extensor
  • Common digital extensor
  • Abductor digiti I longus
27
Q

List the palmar tendons found on the carpus

A
  • Ulnar carpal flexor
  • Radial carpal flexor
28
Q

Give the major nerves and vessels located at the carpal joint

A
  • Cephalic vein - Becoming accessory vein at the carpus
  • Lateral + medial radial nerve
29
Q

Approximate location of the cephalic + accessory cephalic vein

A

*Cephalic vein passes onto the palmar aspect

30
Q

Approximate location of the branches of the radial nerve

31
Q

Identify the arthrocentesis sites of the elbow joint

32
Q

Identify the arthrocentesis sites of the carpal joint

33
Q
  • Epidural anaesthesia site
  • The volume of anaesthesia to give
A
  • L7 - S1
    • ​Passing through the interarcuate ligament
    • Into the epidural space
  • 2-6ml
34
Q

List the notable ligaments of the canine forearm

A
  • Medial/lateral glenohumeral ligament
  • Olecranial ligament
  • Lateral/medial collateral ligament (elbow)
  • Lateral/medial collateral ligament (carpus)
35
Q

Location of the kidneys in canine

A
  • Left: L2 - L4
  • Right: L1 - L3

Approximately under the last rib, dorsally

36
Q

Large intestine: Organ locations

A
  • Descending colon: Left dorsal abdomen
  • Duodenum: Travelling laterally
  • Jejunum: Fills the Left abdomen
  • Ileum: Runs from left to right toward the cecum
  • Transverse colon: Travels from right to left
37
Q

Laryngeal cartilages + hyoid skeleton

A

From caudal → rostral direction

  1. Larynx:
    1. Cricoid cartilage (prominent)
    2. Thyroid cartilage (sometimes palpable)
  2. Hyoid:
    1. Basihyoid (ventrally)
    2. Ceratohyoid (laterally)
38
Q

Liver borders

A
  • Right side: IC 7-13
  • (Left side: IC 7-9)

Cranial to the last rib, distal third

39
Q

Lung borders

A
  1. Ribs: IC 13
  2. Vertebral Column: IC 12
  3. Tuber Coxae: IC 11
  4. Tuber Ischiadicum: IC 10
  5. Shoulder: IC 8
40
Q

Lymph nodes

A
  1. Mandibular: Located near lingual vein
  2. Med. retropharyngeal: Ventral to ala atlantis
  3. Superficial cervical: Between omo. trapezius and cleidocerv.
  4. Popliteal: Behind the stifle joint
  5. Superficial inguinal: Medial to inguinal ligament
41
Q

Glands of the head/neck region

A
  • Parotid gland
  • Mandibular gland
  • Monostomatic gland
42
Q

M. ulnaris lateralis; m. flexor carpi ulnaris; digital flexors

A

Lateral → Medial

  1. M. ulnaris lateralis
  2. (Fossa)
  3. M. flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. Superficial digital flexor
43
Q

Nerve blocks: Mentalis; infraorbitalis; alveolaris mandibularis; lingualis

44
Q

Ovaries, uterus, vagina

A
  • Vagina
  • Cervix
  • Uterus: Palpable when pregnant/rectal exam
  • Ovaries: Close to the kidneys between last rib and iliac crest
45
Q

Locate: Deltoid muscle

A

Covers the hamulus process

46
Q

Locate: Biceps muscle

A

Tendon of origin: Craniomedially to the shoulder joint, in the intertubercular groove of the humerus

47
Q

Points to note: Shoulder joint

A
  • Cranial + Caudal recess
  • Caudal recess: Large, may extend to deltoid tuberosity
48
Q

Small intestines

A
  • Descending duodenum: Right abdominal wall, pressing dorsally against sublumbar muscles
  • Jejunum: Palpable on ventral abdominal floor
  • Ileum: From left to right towards caecum at L2-L3 (Not palpable)
49
Q

Spleen

A
  • Left side
  • Left part of the greater curvature of the stomach
  • Palpated caudal to the last costal cartilage in the left dorsal abdomen
50
Q

Stifle

A

Palpable:

  • Patellar ligament → tibial tuberosity
  • Lat. + Med. femoral condyle
  • Lat. + Med. femoropatellar ligaments → Sesamoids
  • Long digital extensor (In front of lat. collat.)
51
Q

Stomach

A
  • Fundus: Located on the left
  • Pylorus: Located on the right
  • Only a full stomach will reach the ventral abdominal wall
  • An empty stomach may not be palpable
52
Q

Superficial cervical lymph nodes; scapula; v. jugularis externa

A
  • Jugular: Press caudal jugular groove at sternocephalic muscle
  • Sup. cerv. ln.: Btw:
    • ​Omo.
    • Trapezius
    • Cleidocervicalis
53
Q

List the superficial muscles of the thigh

A
  1. M. sartorious
  2. M. gluteus medius
  3. M. gluteus superficialis
  4. M. biceps femoris
  5. M. semimembranosus
  6. M. semitendinosus
54
Q
A

M. gluteus medius

55
Q
A

M. sartorius

56
Q
A

M. gluteus superficialis

57
Q
A

M. biceps femoris

58
Q
A
  • M. semimembranosus
  • M. semitendinosus

Topographic anatomy (3 decks)

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