Practical Class 5: Leg Flashcards
What is acute osteomyelitis?
Infection and inflammation of the bone or bone marrow.
What is a compound injury?
In injury involving an open fracture.
What are the two foramina found in the introsseous membrane in the leg?
- Aperture for anterior tibial vessels
- Aperture for perforating branch of fibular artery
What is the function of a retinaculum?
A band around tendons that holds them in place. It is not part of any muscle. Its function is mostly to stabilize a tendon.
What are the attachments of tibialis anterior?
Origin: Lateral surface of tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and adjacent surfaces on base of metatarsal I
What movements may be produced at the ankle joint by contraction of tibialis anterior?
Dorsiflexion of foot at ankle joint.
Does tibialis anterior assist in inversion or eversion of the foot?
Inversion
What are the basic differences between extrinsic and intrinsic muscles?
Extrinsic muscles - have origins in the leg but insertions in the foot.
Intrinsic - have both their origins and insertions in the foot
What is the function of fibularis tertius?
Works with the extensor digitorum longus to dorsiflex, evert and abduct the foot.
From which artery does the anterior tibial artery arise?
The popliteal artery
How does the anterior tibial artery get from the posterior to the anterior compartment of the leg?
A hiatus in the introsseous membrane.
Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg.
Deep fibular nerve
Name the two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Which bony prominence do the tendons of the fibular muscles pass posteriorly?
Lateral malleolus
What is the insertion of the fibularis longus?
Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform and lateral side of 1st metatarsal base.
What are the actions of fibularis longus and brevis?
Longus - Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle; also helps to support the transverse arch of the foot
Brevis - Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle
What is the innervation of the muscles of the lateral compartment?
Superficial fibular nerve
What are the consequences of injuring the common fibular nerve?
Damage to this nerve typically results in foot drop, where dorsiflexion of the foot is compromised and the foot drags (the toe points) during walking; and in sensory loss to the dorsal surface of the foot and portions of the anterior, lower-lateral leg.
What is the origin of popliteus?
Lateral femoral condyle
What is the insertion of popliteus?
Posterior surface of proximal tibia
What is the action of popliteus?
Stabilizes knee joint (resists lateral rotation of tibia on femur)
Unlocks knee joint (laterally rotates femur on fixed tibia)
What is the origin of flexor digitorum longus?
Medial side of posterior surface of the tibia
What is the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?
Plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the lateral four toes.
What is the action of flexor digitorum longus?
Flexes lateral four toes
What is the origin of flexor hallucis longus?
Posterior surface of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane
What is the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?
Plantar surface of distal phalanx of great toe
What is the action of flexor hallucis longus
Flexes great toe
What is the origin of tibialis posterior?
Posterior surfaces of interosseous membrane and adjacent regions of tibia and fibula
What is the insertion of tibialis posterior?
Mainly to tuberosity of navicular and adjacent region of medial cuneiform.
What is the action of tibialis posterior?
Inversion and plantarflexion of foot; support of medial arch of foot during walking
How do you remember the arrangement of tendons at the medial malleolus?
Tom, Dick and Nervous Harry i.e.:
Tibialis posterior (Tom) flexor Digitorum longus (Dick) Neurovascular bundle (Nervous) flexor Hallucis longus (Harry)
