Practical

Question 1

Muscular bronchiole key features (3):

Answer 1

1. No cartilage
2. Surrounded by smooth muscle
3. Surrounded by lung tissue

Question 2

Identify the cell marked by the curved arrow.

Answer 2

Alveolar macrophage (Dust cell)

Question 3

Identify the cell indicated by the red arrow.

Answer 3

Type I pneumocyte

• involved in gas exchange
• nuclei is flattened
• cytoplasm is very extenuated
• cover about 95% of the alveolar surface

Question 4

Identify the organ:

Answer 4

• Larynx:
  
  • Vocal fold (VO) (true vocal cord)
  • Ventral fold (VE)

Question 5

Structures composing the mucociliary escalator:

Answer 5

1. ciliated cells (cilia)
2. goblet cells (mucous)

Question 6

Arrowhead points to:

Answer 6

blood vessel

Question 7

Alveolar macrophage (Dust cell) locations:

Answer 7

1. CT of alveolar septum
2. air space of alveolus

Question 8

Identify the structure.

Answer 8

• Muscular bronchiole:
  
  • No cartilage
  • Surrounded by smooth muscle
  • Surrounded by lung tissue

Question 9

Identify the tissue at the arrow.

Answer 9

Hyaline cartilage: keeps airway passages open

Question 10

Identify the entire structure.
Insert shows lining of structure.

Answer 10

• Trachea
  
  • C-shaped cartilage ring
  • Not surrounded by lung tissue

Question 11

Identify the cell:

Answer 11

clara cell

• domed shaped cell

Question 12

Functions of Alveolar macrophage (Dust cell):

Answer 12

1. Remove inhaled particulate matter
2. Secrete antitrypsin inhibitor
3. Neutrophils secrete elastase

Question 13

Type II pneumocytes cover about __% of alveolar air surface.

Answer 13

5%

Question 14

Where do clara cells begin to appear?

Answer 14

muscular bronchioles

Question 15

Type II pneumocytes are progenitor cells for:

Answer 15

• type I pneumocytes.

Question 16

Identify the entire structure.

Answer 16

• Bronchus (intropulmonary bronchus):
  
  • Pseudostratified epithelium
  • Surrounded by lung tissue
  • Cartilage plates

Question 17

Key features of trachea (2):

Answer 17

1. C-shaped cartilage ring
2. Not surrounded by lung tissue

Question 18

Identify structure marked by the blue arrow.

Answer 18

• Alveolar pore (pores of Kohn)
• Allows circulation of air from one alveolus to another.

Question 19

Identify the organ:

Answer 19

• Lung:
  
  • alveolar openings are lined with pneumocyte I and pneumocyte II cells

Question 20

Identify the tissue at the surface.

Answer 20

• Olfactory epithelium:
  
  • pseudostratified epithelium
  • NO GOBLET CELLS

Question 21

Identify the function of the cell indicated by the arrowhead.

Answer 21

• Goblet cell
• secretes mucous to trap foreign particles

Question 22

Identify the cell indicated by the arrow.

Answer 22

Type II pneumocyte

• Rounded in appearance with a rounded nuclei

Question 23

Identify the structure at the arrowhead.

Answer 23

• Pulmonary artery
• Arteries follow the bronchi and the bronchioles into the lung.

Question 24

Pulmonary veins are located where in the lungs?

Answer 24

• not next to bronchioles.
• next to alveoli carrying oxygenated blood out.

Question 25

Identify the tissue at the surface.

Answer 25

respiratory epithelium * pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells

Question 26

Three structures of the Blood/Air barrier:

Answer 26

* Endothelium * Shared basement membrane * Type I pneumocyte

Question 27

Key features of Olfactory epithelium (3):

Answer 27

1. pseudostratified epithelium 2. NO GOBLET CELLS 3. thicker than respiratory epithelium

Question 28

The outpocketings of respiratory bronchioles consist of:

Answer 28

Type I pneumocytes where gas exchange occurs.

Question 29

Idenfity the cell:

Answer 29

type II pneumocyte * Rounded cuboidal cell with a rounded nuclei * Lamellar granules fill the cytoplasm

Question 30

Identify the structure within the oval.

Answer 30

Blood/Air barrier * Consist of three structures: * Endothelium * Shared basement membrane * Type I pneumocyte

Question 31

Identify structure at red star:

Answer 31

Bowman's glands.

Question 32

Identify the structure:

Answer 32

* Respiratory bronchiole: * The presence of outpocketings.

Question 33

Function of Type II pneumocytes:

Answer 33

1. Secretes surfactant which reduces surface tension 2. Can divide and are progenitor cells for type I pneumocytes.

Question 34

Key features of bronchi (3):

Answer 34

* Pseudostratified epithelium * Surrounded by lung tissue * Cartilage plates

Question 35

Function of Bowman’s glands:

Answer 35

* secrete a proteinaceous solution which dissolve odor molecules.

Question 36

Type I pneumocytes cover about \_\_% of the alveolar surface:

Answer 36

95%

Question 37

Cells in olfactory epithelium (4):

Answer 37

1. Olfactory receptor cells 2. Sustentacular cells 3. Basal cells 4. DNES cells

Question 38

Key features of respiratory epithelium (2):

Answer 38

1. ciliated cells and goblet cells 2. Thinner than olfactory epithelium

Question 39

Do muscular bronchioles have any cartilage?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

Identify structure at star:

Answer 40

pulmonary vein

Question 41

Function of clara cells:

Answer 41

* Secretes a surfactant‐like substance which reduces surface tension

Question 42

Identify structure at star:

Answer 42

respiratory bronchiole * has outpocketings

Question 43

Key features of Type II pneumocytes:

Answer 43

1. Rounded cuboidal cell with a rounded nuclei 2. Lamellar granules fill the cytoplasm

Question 44

Vocal fold (true vocal cord) core contains:

Answer 44

* vocalis muscle (skeletal muscle) * lined with stratified squamous epithelium