Practical 2 - Station 4: Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Which structures make up the birth canal?
Vagina
Cervix
Utrerus
Identify
What are the 3 layers of the uterus?
Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium
Identify (specifically 2)
- Ovary
- Pouch of douglas
- Infundibulum
- Posterior fornix
- Ureter
- Bladder
- Vagina
What are the 2 physiological areas of the uterus during pregnancy and what are their functions?
Upper part - Fundus (contraction)
Lower part - Cervix and isthmus (dilation and distention)
Which part of the uterus is cut during a caesarean?
Lower part
What is normal uterine postition?
Anterflexed/anteverted
What is the positioning of the uterus here?
Retroflexed
What is a retroflexed uterus in danger of?
Incarceration
When is a retroflexed uterus most at risk of incarceration?
During pregnancy
What actually is an incarcerated uterus?
Uterus gets wedged in the pelvis during growth
During surgery why is it important to know if the uterus is retroverted or anteverted?
To avoid instrumental damage
What are the vaginal fornices?
Spaces infront and behind the external os
Which fornix sits just in front of the pouch of douglas?
Posterior fornix
What is the clinical significance of the posterior fornix sitting in front of the pouch of douglas?
Rectovaginal fistulae can occur if the walls are weak
Which ligament is the cardinal ligament?
Part of pelvic fascia
Main support of the uterus
Besides pelvic fascia what other structure supports the uterus?
Bladder
Which part of the uterine tube is longest and widest?
Ampulla
Which part of the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla most commonly
What type of ectopic pregnancy implants in the intramural part of the fallopian tube?
Corneal ectopic
Identify
Suspensory ligament
Identify
Ovarian ligament
Identify
Broad ligament
Identify
Round ligament
What are the main blood supplies of the gonads and genitalia?
Gonadal artery
Internal iliac
At what vertebral level do the gonadal arteries branch of the aorta?
L2
Which artery travels through this ligament?
Ovarian artery
- Suspensory ligament
Within which ligament does the ovarian artery supply the ovary in?
Broad ligament
Where does the uterine artery cross the ureter and why is it important to know it crosses the ureter?
Level of ischial spine
Junction of the cervix
Lateral part of the fornix
- Important to know for uterine artery ligation during histerectomy
Where does lymph from the labia and distal vagina drain?
Superficial inguinal
Where does lymph from the ovary drain?
Paraarotic lymph nodes
Lymph drainage of fundus and upper body of uterus?
Pre-aortic lymph nodes
Lymph drainage of uterine body
Both iliac
Sacral
Pre-aortic
Superficial inguinal
Lymph drainage of cervix and upper vagina
Internal iliac
Sacral
Lymph drainage of lower vagina
Superficial inguinal
How many lobes does the breast consist of?
15-25
Surface anatomy of the breast?
Vertically: 2nd to 6th rib
Laterally: Sternum border to mid axillary line
What muscles are related to the deep surface of the breast?
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
What is the blood supply of the mammary glands?
Lateral thoracic (from axillary)
Internal thoracic (from subclavian)
Anterior intercostals
Posterior intercostals
What is the lymphatic drainage of the breast?
Lateral part: Axillary
Parasternal
Supraclavicular
Medial part: can drain to opposite breast
What is the main difference between an inactive breast and a lactating breast on histology?
Inactive - thick stroma and few glands
pregnant/lactating - lots of glands and diminished stroma
Is this breast active or inactive and how can you tell?
Inactive
- Few glands
- High levels of stroma
Is this breast active or inactive and how can you tell?
Active
- Lots of glands
- Diminished stroma
