Practical 2 Head and Neck (Semi Learned Already)

Question 1

Epicranium (Frontal Belly)

Answer 1

Epicranial aponeurosis>Eyebrow skin + nose BridgeRaising Eyebrows, Wrinkle Forehead

Question 2

Epicranium (Occipital Belly)

Answer 2

Occipital (Superior Nuchal Line) and temporal bones>Epicranial aponeurosisPulls Scalp Posteriorly

Question 3

Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 3

Frontal and maxillary bones>EyelidCloses Eyes

Question 4

Levator Labii Superioris

Answer 4

Zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin of maxilla>upper lip/nostril (Superior one that elevates lip)Raises/Furrows Upper Lips (Duck Face Muscle)

Question 5

Zygomaticus Major/Minor (Which is which?)

Answer 5

Zygomatic bone–> Corner of mouth (Minor is to medial lip, major is lateral. Minor is also superior)(Raises lateral corners of mouth for smiling, synergist with risorius?)

Question 6

Risorius

Answer 6

Fascia of Masseter–>Side of MouthPuls corners of lips laterally (Zygomatic Synergistic)

Question 7

Orbicularis Oris

Answer 7

Maxilla and Mandible> Lateral Mouth AngleCloses lips, Purses and protrudes lips (Mackin + Whistling)

Question 8

Buccinator

Answer 8

Molar region of maxilla and mandible-> Orbicularis Oris (Deep Cheek Muscle)Compresses Cheek, Holds food for chewing, Draw corner of mouth laterally

Question 9

Masseter Muscles

Answer 9

Zygomatic arch and Maxilla>Angle and ramus of mandibleCloses Jaw

Question 10

Temporalis Muscles

Answer 10

Temporal fossa>Coronoid process of mandibleCloses and retracts the jaw

Question 11

Medial Pterygoid (Synergist to what?)

Answer 11

Maxillary, Palatine, Sphenoid Bones > Medial surface of mandible (M(axilla)edial P(alatine)tery(sphen)oid)Elevates Mandible, Grinds TeethSynergist of temporalis and masseter

Question 12

Lateral Pterygoid

Answer 12

Greater Wing of Sphenoid>Mandibular CondyleProtracts Jaw, Grinds Teeth

Question 13

Genioglossus

Answer 13

Internal Surface of Mandible (Chin)> Inferior aspect of tongue, body of Hyoid BoneProtracts Tongue (Big ol tongue muscle)

Question 14

Hyoglossus

Answer 14

Body + Greater Horn of Hyoid Bone > Inferolateral tongueDepresses Tongue

Question 15

Styloglossus

Answer 15

Styloid Process of Temporal Bone > Inferolateral TongueRetracts and elevates tongue (Towards the styloid process)

Question 16

Extrinsic Eye Muscles

Answer 16

Bony Orbit > Sclera of Eyein=medial; out=lateralSuperior Rectus > Up and InInferior Rectus > Down and InLateral Rectus > OutMedial Rectus > InInferior Oblique Muscles > Up and Out (Below Eye, attaches going medial)Superior Oblique Muscles > Down and Out (>Trochlea > Posterosuperior eye attaches going lateral))Notsureifsrs OBLIQUE MOVEMENT???

Question 17

Digastric (two parts)

Answer 17

Lower Margin of Mandible (Anterior Belly) and Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone (Posterior Belly) > Hyoid Bone (Loops Around It)Elevates Hyoid Bone, Opens mouth and depress mandible.

Question 18

Stylohyoid

Answer 18

Styloid Process of Temporal Bone > Hyoid BoneElevates and retracts hyoid bone

Question 19

Mylohyoid

Answer 19

Medial Surface of Mandible> Hyoid BoneElevates hyoid bone + Tongue base during swallowing

Question 20

Geniohyoid

Answer 20

Inner Surface of Mandible > Hyoid Bone(Between Genioglossus and Mylohyoid)Pulls hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly

Question 21

Sternohyoid

Answer 21

Manubrium and medial end of clavicle > Hyoid BoneDepresses Larynx and Hyoid Bone

Question 22

Sternothyroid

Answer 22

Manubrium > Thyroid Cartilage of Larynx (Inf. to Thyohyoid)Depressed Larynx and Hyoid Bone

Question 23

Omohyoid (Two Bellies)

Answer 23

Superior Border of Scapula > Hyoid Bone (More Like Scapula > Inf. Belly > Sup Belly > Hyoid)Depresses larynx and Hyoid Bone

Question 24

Thyrohyoid

Answer 24

Thyroid Cartilage > Hyoid BoneDepresses Hyoid Bone, or elevates larynx if Hyoid is fixed

Question 25

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 25

Manubrium of Sternum (Sternal Head), Medial aspect of Clavicle (Clavicular Head) > Mastoid process of Temporal Bone + Superior Nuchal Line of Occipital BoneSimultaneous contraction=neck flexionIndependent: Rotate head towards opposite shoulder

Question 26

Anterior, Posterior, Middle Scalene

Answer 26

Transverse Processes of Cervical Vertebrae > Anterolaterally on ribs 1 + 2Flex + Slightly Rotate Neck, Elevate 1st 2 ribs. Aid in Inspiration

Question 27

Splenius

Answer 27

Spinous Process of Vertebrae C7-T6 > Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone, Occipital Bone, and Transverse Process of Cervical Vertebrae(Capitis is between traps and semispinalis capitis)Head Extension

Question 28

Iliocostalis

Answer 28

Iliac Crest, Inferior thoracic and cervical ribs > Ribs and Transverse Processes of Cervical VertebraeExtend neck + Vertebral column

Question 29

Longissimus

Answer 29

Transverse processes of lumbar-cervical vertebrae > Transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vertebrae + mastoid process of temporal boneExtends + laterally flex the vertebral column

Question 30

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 30

Iliac Crest > Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae (+ lower margin of 12th rib)Flexes Vertebral Column Laterally

Question 31

Spinalis

Answer 31

Spinous process of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae > Spinous process of upper thoracic and cervical vertebraeExtends vertebral column

Question 32

Semispinalis

Answer 32

Transverse processes of C7-T12 > Occipital bone + Spinous Processes of Cervical + Thoracic VertebraeExtend vertebral column + head + rotates them

Question 33

Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 33

Iliac Crest > Transverse Processes of Lumbar Vertebrae and lower margin of 12th ribFlexes vertebral column laterally

Question 34

External Intercostal

Answer 34

Inferior border of rib above > Superior border of rib belowElevates rib cage (Pulls lower rib up)

Question 35

Internal Intercostal

Answer 35

Superior border of rib below > Inferior border of rib aboveDepresses rib cage (Pulls upper rib down)

Question 36

Diaphragm

Answer 36

Ribs/Carilage, Sternum, Vertebrae > Central TendonInspiration (Prime Action)

Question 37

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 37

Pubic Crest + Symphysis > Xiphoid Process/ RibsIncrease Abdominal Pressure, Flex/rotate lumbar vertebral column

Question 38

External Oblique

Answer 38

Lower 8 Ribs > Linea Alba, Pubic Crest/Tubercle, Iliac CrestCompresses Abdominal Wall, Flexes Vertebral Column, Helps Trunk Rotation

Question 39

Internal Oblique

Answer 39

Lumbar Fascia, Iliac Crest, Inguinal Ligament > Linea Albra, Pubic crest, last 3-4 RibsCompresses Abdominal Wall, Flexes Vertebral Column, Helps Trunk Rotation

Question 40

Transversus Abdominis

Answer 40

Last 6 ribs, Inguinal Ligament, Iliac Crest, Lumbar Fascia > Linea Alba, Pubic CrestCompresses Abdominal Content