practical 1 Flashcards
1
Q
anatomy
A
study of structures in the human body
2
Q
physiology
A
study of how body parts function together
3
Q
homeostasis
A
tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements
4
Q
cells
A
basic structural & functional unit of a living organism
5
Q
tissues
A
groups of similar types of cells performing a common function for body
6
Q
organs
A
composed of two or more tissue types that perform a specific function for body
7
Q
anatomical position
A
-standing erect & looking ahead
-hands at sides & palms forward
-legs parallel & feet & toes forward
8
Q
regional terms
A
study of body’s structure by region
9
Q
directional terms
A
positions of structures relative to other structures/locations in body
10
Q
-al
A
pertaining to
11
Q
a-
A
without
12
Q
ab-
A
away from
13
Q
ad-
A
to, toward
14
Q
ante-
A
before
15
Q
anti-
A
against
16
Q
auto-
A
self
17
Q
bene-
A
good
18
Q
bi-
A
twice, 2
19
Q
-blast
A
precursor, germ cell
20
Q
brachi-
A
arm
21
Q
cephal-
A
head
22
Q
cereb-
A
brain
23
Q
chondr-
A
cartilage
24
Q
-clast
A
break
25
com-
with, together
26
corpus
body/mass
27
dura-
hard
28
ecto-
outside, outer
29
endo-
within, inner
30
epi-
upon, following
31
erythro-
red
32
fibr-
fibrous
33
hema-
blood
34
hyper-
above, excessive
35
hypo-
below, deficient
36
infra-
under, below
37
inter-
between
38
intra-
within
39
iso-
equal, like
40
-itis
inflammation
41
juxta-
near, adjacent
42
leuko-
white
43
macro-
large
44
medi-
middle
45
meso-
in the middle
46
micro-
small
47
myo-
muscle
48
neuro-
nerve
49
osse-
bone
50
osteo-
bone
51
para-
near, beside
52
-pathy
disease
53
peri-
surrounding, around
54
physio-
nature
55
-physis
growth
56
poly-
many, much
57
pseudo-
false
58
quad-
fourfold, 4
59
rami-
branch
60
semi-
half
61
serrat-
saw-edged, toothed
62
stria-
stripe, band
63
sub-
under, below
64
supra-
over, above
65
trans-
across
66
tri-
threefold, 3
67
coronal/frontal plane
vertical plane that divides body/organ into anterior & posterior parts
68
transverse plane
horizontal plane dividing the structure into superior & inferior parts
69
sagittal plane
vertical plane dividing body into left & right parts
70
midsagittal plane
vertical plane dividing body into equal left & right halves
71
anterior/ventral
towards the front/belly side
72
posterior/dorsal
towards the back/spinal cord side
73
superior/cephalic/rostral
towards the head
74
inferior/caudal
towards the feet
75
medial
towards midline of body
76
lateral
towards side of body
77
ipsilateral
on same side
78
contralateral
on opposite side
79
deep
closer to inside
80
superficial
closer to surface of body
81
proximal
closer to point of attachment
82
distal
away from point of attachment
83
cephalic
head
84
frontal
forehead
85
orbital
eye
86
nasal
nose
87
buccal
cheek
88
oral
mouth
89
mental
chin
90
axillary
armpit
91
mammary
breast
92
pectoral
chest
93
sternal
sternum
94
abdominal
abdomen
95
pelvic
pelvis
96
coxal
hip
97
inguinal
groin
98
pubic
genital
99
cervical
neck
100
deltoid
shoulder
101
brachial
arm
102
antecubital
front of elbow
103
olecranal
elbow
104
antebrachial
forearm
105
carpal
wrist
106
dorsum of hand
back of hand
107
manus
hand
108
palmar
palm
109
digital
finger
110
femoral
thigh
111
patellar
kneecap
112
popliteal
back of knee
113
crural
leg
114
sural
calf
115
calcaneal
heel
116
plantar surface
sole
117
tarsal
ankle
118
dorsum of foot
top of foot
119
digital
toe
120
pes
foot
121
cranial
surrounding the brain
122
occipital
back of head
123
auricular
ear
124
thoracic
chest area
125
vertebral
spinal column
126
lumbar
lower back
127
sacral
sacrum
128
gluteal
buttock
129
perineal
genital area
130
integumentary system
forms two-way barrier; aids in temp regulation
131
skeletal system
provides support & protection
132
muscular system
produces body movement
133
nervous system
receives sensory information & coordinates a response
134
endocrine system
regulates metabolic activity (hormones)
135
cardiovascular system
pumps blood to transport nutrients & remove wastes
136
lymphatic system
protects body from disease & pathogens
137
respiratory system
brings oxygen in & takes carbon dioxide out
138
urinary system
filters waste from blood & removes wastes from body
139
digestive/gastrointestinal system
ingests, digest, & absorbs nutrients
140
reproductive system
produces sex cells
141
microscope head
upper part that houses optical components
142
ocular lens
magnifies image produced by microscope & objective so it can be seen by human eye
143
microscope arm
part that connects eyepiece tube to base; used to carry microscope
144
nosepiece
circular structure that contains objective lenses & allows user to switch lenses
145
objective lenses
lenses that directly observe object being examined; magnify specimen at different intensities (4x, 10x, 40x, 100x)
146
course adjustment knob
rapid control that allows for quick focusing by moving stage up/down; focuses image under low power
147
fine adjustment knob
small knob used to bring specimen into sharp focus under medium/high power
148
microscope base
bottom of microscope used for support
149
lamp/light source
light source that illuminates area under microscope lens
150
light control knob
controls intensity of light source
151
power switch
turns microscope on/off & turns on illumination
152
microscope stage
small platform that holds & moves specimen for examination
153
mechanical stage
holds & moves slide
154
mechanical stage controls
controls movement of stage back & forth to allow examination of slide
155
stage clips
holds slide in place
156
aperture
measure of ability to gather light & resolve detail at fixed object distance
157
condenser
lens located within/below stage; gathers light & concentrates it into a cone of light that illuminates specimen
158
condenser adjustment knob
used to precisely adjust vertical height of condenser
159
iris diaphragm
regulates how much light passes through specimen
160
field of view
maximum area visible when looking
161
working distance
distance from front lens to closest surface
162
total magnification
combination of magnification of eyepiece & objective lens
163
eyepiece
magnifies image
164
osmosis
special type of diffusion that involves movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from higher to lower concentration
165
diffusion
net movement of molecules from areas of higher to lower concentration
166
hypertonic
solution w/ higher concentration of solutes (more water)
167
hypotonic
solution w/ lower concentrations of solutes (less water)
168
isotonic
equal osmotic concentrations of two solutions
169
passive transport
type of membrane transport that doesn't require energy
170
active transport
process that moves substances against concentration gradient & requires energy expenditure in form of ATP breakdown
