PR2 (nanetoh wala sa exam) Flashcards
Process of obtaining information to seek solutions to problems.
Research
Involves a careful and systematic collection and analysis of information to produce or enhance our knowledge and understanding of a subject matter.
Research
2 Uses of Research
- Want to know more of something
- We want to solve a problem
5 Types of Research
- Scientific Research
- Social Science Research
- Historical Research
- Business Research
- Non-Empirical Research
True or False:
Research can be conducted by a wide range of people including people from academe, scientists, health professionals…
True
4 - Why do I Conduct Research?
- To gain new knowledge.
- To add to the new existing knowledge.
- To support or debunk existing theories.
- To develop new theories or Ideas.
12 Characteristics of a good researcher
Keri ba? HAHAHAHAHA
- ASKS RESEARCHABLE QUESTION
- NON- TRIVIAL
- ADDRESSES REAL PROBLEM FROM THE REAL WORLD
- SYSTEMATIC
- VERIFIABLE/ TESTABLE
- AUTHENTIC
- LOGICAL
- ETHICAL
- UNAMBIGIOUS
- CYCLICAL/ INTERACTIVE
- CRITICAL
- TRUTHFULL AND FREE FROM BIASES
THE 3 MAIN RESEARCH PROCESS
- POSE A QUESTION
- COLLECT AND ANALYZE THE DATA
- PRESENT THE ANSWER
TRUE OR FALSE:
Research that use the scientific method are more rigorous and are commonly used in academic or scientific settings.
TRUE
Is an approach to understanding the social world that emphasizes objective measurement and numerical data.
Quantitative Research
Deductive Reasoning
General to Specific ideas
Invertive Pyramid or Inductive Pyramid?
Used in quantitative research.
invertive pyramid
Can be manipulated (especially in experiments)
Variables
Dependent/ Independent/Controlled:
This is an effect (measured)
Dependent Variable
Dependent/ Independent/Controlled:
Changes as a result of an intervention or experiment.
Dependent Variable
Dependent/ Independent/Controlled:
The change that happens because of the independent variable.
Dependent Variable
Dependent/ Independent/Controlled:
-cause, controlled/ manipulated by the researcher.
Independent Variable
Dependent/ Independent/Controlled:
The one thing you change
Independent Variable
Dependent/ Independent/Controlled:
You have the capability to control.
Independent Variable
Dependent/ Independent/Controlled:
Everything you want to remain constant and unchanging.
Controlled
Assumes distinct point on a scale.
Discrete
Continues Scale rather than distinct points
Continuous
Identify if Discrete or Continuous.
-Number of planets around the Sun
Discrete
True or False:
Discrete is a whole number.
True
True or False:
Continuous is obtained by measuring.
True
Identify if Discrete or Continuous.
Height or weight of the students in a particular class
Continuous
Identify if Discrete or Continuous.
12:30am, 10.5 cm is an example of?
Continuous
Identify if Discrete or Continuous.
Number of students in a class
Discrete
True or False:
Independent is cause, Dependent is Effect.
True
4 Levels of Measurement
- Nominal
- Ordinal
- Interval
- Ratio
Provides a level, categories, or classification.
No number associated.
ex. Male or Female, Religion, Favorite Movie Genre
Nominal
Refers to the order or ran of a measurement. (rank)
ex.
Not Satisfied at all
Somewhat dissatisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Satisfied
Very Satisfied
Ordinal
Difference between 2 points
Interval
True/ Zero-point absolute
“0” The Value
Ratio
It is a scientific method/ used in Science.
Experimental
Explanation, Reasons, Test/ retest method or TESTING
Experimental
What are the 2 types of Experimental?
- True Experimental
- Quasi Experimental
Characterized by rigid manipulation of variables; use of control, selection and random assignment of participants.
True Experimental
It is according to research purpose
Non-Experimental
What are the 3 types of Non-Experimental
- Descriptive
- Predictive
- Explanatory
Seeks to describe the current status of an identified the variable.
Descriptive
Research projects are designed to provide systematic information about a phenomenon.
Descriptive
Use of control selection but no randomization; intact groups of participants are used instead
Quasi Experimental
Survey Research belongs to this category and The most easy.
Descriptive
Designated to predict or forecast some event or phenomenon in the future without necessarily establish cause and effect relationship.
Predictive
Correlational research to a certain extent can be classified as predictive.
Predictive
It is a certain situation/event
Phenomenon
Aims to develop or test a theory to explain how and why it operates and to identify casual factors behind the phenomenon.
Explanatory
Cause/Manipulated
Independent Variable
Effect/Measured
Dependent Variable
Purpose of Quantitative Research(3)
- Investigate Cause and effects
- Test Hypothesis
- Predict
Type of Data of Quantitative Research(3)
- Numerical
- Digits
- Figures
Data collection method of Quantitative Research (3)
- Through statistics
- Measurements
- Data points
Data analysis of Quantitative Reseearch(3)
- Uses Statistical
- Mathematical
- Computational Model(Formula’s)
Sampling of Quantitative Research(3)
- Large
- Representative of the population.
- Chosen Randomly
5 Strengths of Quantitative Research
- uses robust instrument
- allows for great accuracy of data.
- results can be replicated, analyzed and compared.
- Numerical Data allows summary of huge amount of information and comparisons across categories and time.
5.Personal biases is avoided.
Research conducted for the purpose of contributing towards science by the systematic collection, interpretation and evaluation of data and that, too, in a planned manner
Scientific Research
The activity of gathering, analysing and interpreting information for a variety of social, economic, educational and political purposes.
Social Science Research
Refers to the collection of techniques and guidelines that historians use to research and write histories of the past.
Historical Research
A process of acquiring detailed information of all the areas of business and using such information in maximizing the sales and profit of the business.
Business Research
Can include comprehensive reviews and articles that focus on methodology.
Non-empirical Research
Defined as a method to collect data via open-ended and conversational discussions. Also a non-numerical data.
Qualitative Research
4 Limitations of Qualitative Research
1.Employs inflexible research design.
2. Participants have limited participants on design and structure of a questionnaire.
3. Numerical data do not provide detailed accounts of the phenomenon.
4. Research is carried out in a laboratory setting
The research primarily describing the phenomenon.
Descriptive
Were the researchers documenting the characteristics of the phenomenon.
Descriptive
The researchers trying to establish the causal relationship between the IV and DV.
Predictive
The researchers trying to predict or forecast the effect of an IV to the DV.
Predictive
The researchers trying to develop or test a theory about phenomenon to explain how and why it operates.
Explanatory
The researcher trying to explain how the phenomenon operated in identifying the causal factors that produce the change in it.
Explanatory