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Parasitology II > PQ FINAL > Flashcards

PQ FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

The vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi are
Bedbugs
Soft ticks
Kissing bugs
Hard ticks

A

Kissing bugs

Chagomaformation

Chaga’sDisease

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2
Q

What is characteristics of “Dollar-spots”?
Displacement
Predilection site: genitalia
10-15 cm diameter
They always appear in dourine

A

Displacement

Dourine –> trypanosoma Equiperdum 16-35microm
2-5cm

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3
Q

What is the most frequent cause of death following the 4th phase of dourine?
Collapse of circulation
Decubitus
Facial paralysis
Pneumonia

A
  1. Genitalia
  2. Urticaripahase
  3. Paralysis phase
  4. Recumbancy –> Cahexia, Decubital inf, Pneumonia (With 50% morality)
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4
Q

Which Giardia genotype(s) is (are) zoonotic? (more than one answer maybe correct!)
* A
* B
* C
* D

A

A and B

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5
Q

In which of the following is Toxoplasma gondii highly foetopathogenic?
* Cattle
* Sheep
* Horse
* Pig

A

Sheep
Early embryonic death
Reabsorption
Foetal death/mummification
Abortion
Stillbirth
Neonatal death

Infects most warm blooded mammals - Definitive Host felidae

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6
Q

Which species will frequently cause haemorrhages?
* T. brucei brucei
* R. Vivax
* T. Congolense
* None of these

A
  • T. brucei brucei –> Inflamatory necrotic change
  • **T. vivax –> cause located in the Blood
    **
  • T. congolense –> Glomerulonephritis
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7
Q

What is the approx.. size of giardia cyst?
* 10-20 micrometers
* Nearly 100 micrometers
* 30-40 micrometers
* 20-30 micrometers

A
  • 10-20 micrometers
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8
Q

Which Eimeria sp. is highly pathogenic in chicken?
* E. maxima
* E. intestinalis
* E. necatrix
* E. mitis

A

*** E. necatrix
**

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9
Q

Of which Eimeria sp./spp. can the praepatent period be 4 days or shorter? (more than one answer may be right!)

  • E. praecox
  • E.maxima
  • E. acervuline
  • E.mitis
A
  • E. praecox –> Less than 4 days
  • E. acervuline –> 4-5 days
  • E.mitis –> 3-4 days

E.Maxima = 5-6days
E. Tenella and Necatrix = 6-7Days
E. Brunetti = 5days

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10
Q

Which of the following pair of Eimeria species has complementary location in the small intestine?
E. intestinalis & E. magna
E. duodenalis & E. media
E. magna & E. magna
E. exigua & E. intestinalis

A

**E. intestinalis (ileum+jejenum) & E. magna(Ileum+jejenum)
**

  • G. duodenalis & E. media –> Duodenum & Jejenum
  • E. exigua (whole small int) & E. intestinalis (ileum & Jejenum)
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11
Q

What is the characteristic lesion on the hepatic form of pigeon trichomonosis?
* Pea size necroses
* Fibrinous perihepatitis
* Abscess
* Pinpoint necroses

A
  • Pea size necroses
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12
Q

Which species will cause mucosal thickening distally in the small intestine?
* Eimeria ovinoidalis
* Eimeria crandallis
* Eimeria parva
* Eimeria bakuensis

A
  • Eimeria ovinoidalis
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13
Q

Which Cryptosporidium sp./spp. occur(s) frequently in post-weaned or older calves? (more than one answer maybe correct!)
* C. Baileyi
* C. Bovis
* C. Andersoni
* C. Parvum

A

* C. Bovis
* C. Andersoni

  • C. Baileyi –> Avian chryptorchism
  • C. Bovis –> Weaned calves
  • C. Andersoni –> Adults/Older calves
  • C. Parvum –> Praeweaned young calves

C.Ryanae –> Post weaning calves

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14
Q

In which age group are bulls more susceptible to Tritrichomonas foetus?
* 1-2 years of age
* Below 3 years
* Above 3 years
* 2-4 years of age

A
  • Above 3 years
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15
Q

How does Histomonas meleagridis spread to the liver?
* Haematogenously
* From the cloaca
* From the skin
* From the navel

A

Haematogenously

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16
Q

Which Eimeria sp. is highly pathogenic in chicken?
* E. acervuline
* E. mitis
* E. tenella
* E. flavescens

A

*** E. tenella **+ E.Brunetti & E.Necatrix

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17
Q

Which protozoon is frequently carried by nutria or coypu?
* Giardia
* Trichomonas
* Toxoplasma
* Babesia

A
  • Toxoplasma

Large Beaver like rodent

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18
Q

How does Trichomonas gallinae reach the liver?
* Spreading from heart apex
* Spreading from the navel
* Spreading from oesophagus
* Haematogenously

A
  • Spreading from the navel
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19
Q

Which grographical region has serious problems with cattle tritrichomonosis?
* None of these
* Certain US states
* Europe
* Hungary

A
  • Certain US states
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20
Q

Which dog breed is predisposed to subclinical babesiosis (carrier state)?
* Spaniel predisposed
* Irish setter predisposed
* German shepherd
* Dalmatiner

A

*** German shepherd
**

  • Spaniel = predisposed
  • Irish setter = predisposed
  • German shepherd = SUBCLINICAL
  • Dalmatiner

More resistant==>
* Beagles
* Foxterrier

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21
Q

In which “aberrant” host species is Sarcocystis neurona highly pathogenic?
* Cattle
* Sheep
* Pig
* Horse

“aberrant” = Diverging from normal type

A
  • Horse
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22
Q

Please select the moderately pathogenic Eimeria sp./spp. for which the location is indicated properly?
E. irresidua – duodenum
E. intestinalis – ileum
E. piriformis – colon
E. magna – ileum

Rabit coccidiosis

A

**E. piriformis – colon
**

  • E. irresidua – duodenum = Jejenum +/- Ileum = moderate
  • E. intestinalis – ileum = High pathogenicity
    E. piriformis – colon =
    E. magna – ileum = + Jejenum
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23
Q

Which of the following pair of Eimeria species has complementary location on the small intestine?
* E. brunetti & E. mitis
* E. maxima & E. necatrix
* E. acervulina & E. mitis
* E. acervulina & E. precox

A

*** E. acervulina & E. mitis
**

Brunetti = colorectal
Mitis = Ileum
Maxima = Jejenum
Necatrix = Jejenum
Acervulina = Duodenum
Precox = Duodenum

Also E. Intestinalis and E. Magna

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24
Q

There is no sporocyst in its sporulated oocyst (more than one answer maybe correct)
* Cryptosporidium
* Plasmodium
* Hepatozoon
* Isospora

A
  • Cryptosporidium = No sporocyst, but 4 free sporozoites
  • Plasmodium = No sporocyst or Conoids = Fertilized motile zygote –> Ookinete
  • Hepatozoon = 30-50 sporocysts
  • Isospora = 2 sporocysts & 4 sporozoites

Eimeria = 4 sporocyst & 2 sporozoites

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25
Q

What is the most pathogenic stage of Eimeria acervuline?
* Second schizont
* Gamont
* First schizont
* Oocyst

4* Schizogony and Gametogony

A
  • Oocyst
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26
Q

Which are the predisposing factors of pigeon Trichomonosis? (more than one answer may be correct)
* A-vitamin deficiency
* Giardiasis
* Ammonia from litter
* Iron deficiency

Cappillaria Nematodes

A
  • A-vitamin deficiency
  • Ammonia from litter
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27
Q

What plays a central role in the pathogenesis of biliary coccidiosis?
* Cirrhosis
* Biliary hyperplasia
* Anaemia
* Hepatomegaly

A
  • Biliary hyperplasia
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28
Q

Which statement is true for Klossiellosis?
* Oocysts form, but are not shed
* There is no oocysts
* Oocysts are of the Isospora-type
* Oocysts pass with the urine

A
  • Oocysts form, but are not shed - sporocysts are shed withe urine
    • Oocysts are of the Isospora-type - 2*4 40-60 thin walled sporocyst w/free Luminal sporozoites
  • Oocysts pass with the urine - sporocysts are
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29
Q

What is not caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
* Meningoencephalitis
* Megalomania
* Myocarditis
* Oedema

A

Megalomania

Oedema –> Palpebral

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30
Q

Which plasmodium species is not human pathogenic?
* P. vivax
* P. simium
* P. knowlesi
* P.ovale

A

* P. simium (monkeys+P.knowlesi)

* P. knowlesi monkeys too

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31
Q

Mostly where does the first schizogony of Leucocytozoon species take place?
* In liver parenchyma cells
* In endothelial cells
* In renal tubular epithelial cells
* In muscle

A

*** In liver parenchyma cells
**

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32
Q

What is the size range of Trypanosomes?
* 60-100 μm
* 30-50 μm
* 10-20 μm
* 10-40 μm

A

* 10-40 μm
8-39micrometer Heteroxenous

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33
Q

How can infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi typically be acquired?
* With coprophagy
* By vectors
* With eating transport hosts
* Prenatally

A

Prenatally

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34
Q

Where does exoerythrocytaer schizogony of Plasmodium species take place in mammals?
* Liver
* White blood cells
* Lymph node
* Skin

A

Liver

White blood cells = Birds
Skin = Birds
Birds –> skin mps cells

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35
Q

Which host has asymptomatic Trypanosoma brucei evansi infection?
* Cattle
* Horse
* Camel
* Dog

A

Cattle
* Horse = int fever, weakness, meningoencephalitis, HL paralysis, oedema
* Camel = very pathogenic
* Dog = Sc + laryngeal oedema, Occular signs, Mucosal Haemorrhage

(Evansi) - Surrae Hindi for Rotten

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36
Q

What may predispose a dog to entamoebosis?
* Living together with cats which pass cysts in their faeces
* Eating raw pork
* Drinking from trophozoite-containing water
* Entamoebosis of the owner

A

* Entamoebosis of the owner

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37
Q

The Hepatozoon canis gamont: what is the shape and what cell type is it in?
* Elliptic, neutrophilic grc.
* Oval, monocyte
* Onion-like, splenocyte
* Round, neutrophilic grc

A

*** Elliptic, neutrophilic grc.
**

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38
Q

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen that is taxonomically a protozoon but not a member of phylum Apicomplexa?
* Cryptosporidium parvum
* Toxoplasma gondii
* Acanthamoeba castellani
* Encephalitozoon cuniculi

A

*** Acanthamoeba castellani
**

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39
Q

Which Eimeria sp. May have high pathogenicity similar to that of Eimeria zuernii?
* E. alabemensis
* E. ellipsoidalis
* E. subspherical
* E. auburnensis

A

*** E. alabemensis
**

40
Q

What plays a central role in the background of waving parasitaemia in the case of nagana?
* Superinfection
* Exflaggellation
* VSG expression
* Immunosuppression

A

*** VSG expression
**

41
Q

How many Eimeria spp. May cause either haemorrhagic or fibrinous lesions in the caeca of chickens?
* Two
* One
* Four
* Three

A
  • Two

E. Tenella + ?

42
Q

How many Eimeria spp. Cause haemorrhagic lesions in the small intestine of the chicken?
* Five
* Four
* Two
* Three

A

* Two
E.Necatrix? & E. Brunetti
(Distal end of SI)

43
Q

Which Eimeria sp. Has low pathogenicity in chickens?
* E. acervulina
* E. tenella
* E. duodenalis xpheasantcoccidiosis
* E. flavescens coccidiosis

A

* E. acervulina
* E. tenella = High pathogenesis
* E. duodenalis = Pheasantcoccidiosis
* E. flavescens = Rabbit coccidiosis**

44
Q

How can we get infected with giardia from natural water in Central Europe (minimal infectious dose in 10 cysts)?
* There is no way, because beavers are rare
* Rarely by drinking natural water
* During swimming
* My washing food in natural water

A

*** Rarely by drinking natural water
**

45
Q

Which does not have cyst?
* Trichomonas gallinae
* Giardia duodenalis
* Acanthomoeba castellani
* Entamoebahistolytica

A

Trichomonas gallinae
- No sexual stages, No cysts

46
Q

Please select the highly pathogenic Eimeria sp. For which the location is indicated properly:
* E. irresidua - jejunum
* E. flavescens - caecum
* E. intestinalis - caecum
* E. magna - duodenum

A

*** E. flavescens - Caecum
**

47
Q

What is the characteristic lesion of Eimeria bakuensis infection, and in which part of the gut?
* Haemorrhages in duodenum
* Colon ulcers
* Foci in ileum
* Pseudomembrane in jejunum

A

*** Foci in ileum
**

48
Q

Of which Eimeria sp. Is it characteristic to cause haemorrhages in a ladder-like pattern?
* E. tenella
* E. necatrix
* E. maxima
* E. brunetti

A
  • **E. brunetti **
    = Rectal coccidiosios of chickens
49
Q

What is the characteristic gestation period for neosporosis-related abortions in cows?
* 2-4 months
* 4-6 months
* 8-9 months
* 6-8 months

A

*** 4-6 months
**

50
Q

What is the main clinical type of cryptosporidiosis in the birds?

  • Digestive
  • Renal
  • Respiratory
  • Ocular
A

*** Respiratory
**

51
Q

Which are the ways of attenuation in the case of Paracox, Livacox?
* Making subunits
* Selection for early maturation
* Gamma irradiation
* Adaptation to CAM

A
  • Selection for early maturation
  • Adaptation to CAM
52
Q

Which Eimeria species occurs typically in breeding and replacement flocks, but less in broilers?
* E. acervulina
* E. mitis
* E. maxima
* E. brunetti

A

*** E. maxima
**

53
Q

Which Trypanosoma sp. Does the causative agent of dourine belong to?
* T. brucei
* T. equiperdum
* T. equinum
* T. evansi

A

T. brucei
& T. evansi

54
Q

Which protozoon is frequently carried by beavers?
* Giardia
* Sarcocystis
* Trichomonas
* Babesia

A

Giardia

Cysts from Beavers + Man –> Infect Dogs

55
Q

What are the routes of infection with Leishmania spp.?
* All of these
* With biting
* Venereal, transplacental
* Vector borne

A

All of these

56
Q

Which Eimeria sp./spp. Cause(s) typically coagulation necrosis?
* E. tenella
* E. brunetti
* E. maxima
* E. Necatrix

A

** E. brunetti** –> Colon, Rectum and cloaca

  • E. Tenella –> Caecum
  • E. Maxima –> Jejenum
  • E. Necatrix –> SI

Coagulation necrosis –> Rough rectal mucosal surface

57
Q

Which Eimeria sp./spp. Cause(s) typically coagulation necrosis?
* E. tenella
* E. brunetti
* E. maxima
* E. Necatrix

A

** E. brunetti**
–> Colon, Rectum and cloaca

  • E. Tenella –> Caecum
  • E. Maxima –> Jejenum
  • E. Necatrix –> SI

Coagulation necrosis –> Rough rectal mucosal surface

58
Q

Which species will cause mucosal thickening in the colon?
* Eimeria bakuensis
* Eimeria arloingi
* Eimeria ellipsoidalis
* Entamoeba histolytica

A

* Entamoeba histolytica

59
Q

What is characteristic of the pathology of turkey Histomonosis?
* Generalized form
* Dry liver necrosis
* Bloody caecal contents
* Moist liver necrosis

A

*** Dry liver necrosis
**

60
Q

Which is the staining method to distinguish Encephalitozoon cuniculi from protozoan parasites belonging to other groups?
* Ziehl-neelsen
* Kinyoun
* Gram
* PAS

A

*** Ziehl-neelsen
**

61
Q

Which Eimeria species does not occur behind the small intestine?
* E. meleagridis
* E. meleagrimitis
* E. gallopavonis
* E. adenoeides

A

*** E. meleagridis
**

62
Q

Which phenotype is not characteristic of Trypanosoma cruzi?
* Amastigote
* Promastigote
* Epimastigote
* Trypomastigote

A

**Promastigote
**

63
Q

Which of the following lives intracellularly
* Promastigote
* Amastigote
* Trypomastigote
* Epimastigote

A

Amastigote

64
Q

Infection with which Eimeria species results in sunken eyes, vertigo?
E. truncata
E. anatis
E. anseris
E. danailovi

+ Torticollis

A

E.Truncata

65
Q

What should be demonstrated in blood smears in order to diagnose haemoproteosis?
* Spindle shape Gamont next to the nucleus of white blood cells
* Spindle shape Gamont next to the nucleus of red blood cells
* Sausage like Gamont next to the nucleus of red blood cells
* Sausage-like Gamont next to the nucleus of white blood cells

A

**Sausage like Gamont next to the nucleus of red blood cells **

Blood smear with Giemsa

66
Q

What is the host of Eimeria Kotlani?
* Pheasant
* Duck
* Goose
* Turkery

A

*** Goose
**
Eimeria Kotlani = Renal coccidiosis of geese

67
Q

Which is the main zoonotic Babesia sp. (sensu stricto) in Europe?
* B. ovis
* B. bovis
* B. divergens
* B. microti

A

*** B. divergens
**

68
Q

What is he main location of Eimeria maxima?
* Ileum
* Rectum
* Duodenum
* Jejenum

A

**Jejenum **

Rectum –> Brunetti
Duodenum –> Acervulina

68
Q

What is he main location of Eimeria maxima?
* Ileum
* Rectum
* Duodenum
* Jejenum

A

**Jejenum **

Rectum –> Brunetti
Duodenum –> Acervulina

69
Q

Which domestic animal is susceptible for the highest number of Cryptosporidium species?
* Sheep
* Cattle
* Pig
* Dog

A

Cattle

70
Q

Which can shed oocysts of Eimeria coecicola?
* Rabbit
* Mouse
* Cat
* Dog

A

Rabbit

71
Q

Which of the following species develops also extraintestinally?
* Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae
* Eimeria ovinoidalis
* Eimeria parva
* Eimeria crandallis

A

** Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae**

72
Q

How can a dog become infected with Neospora caninum? (more than one answer may be correct!)
* From raw pork
* With oocysts
* Galactogenically
* Transplacentally

A

From raw pork & Transplacentally

With oocysts??

73
Q

Please select the Cryptosporidium sp./spp. For which the location is indicated properly
* C. muris – small intestine
* C. parvum – stomach
* C. adnersoni – colon
* C. bovis – small intestine

A

C. bovis – small intestine

Muris = Stomach/abomasum
Parvum = SI
Andersoni = Stomach/abomasum

74
Q

Which Eimeria sp./spp. Have 6 days of prepatent period (More than one may be right!)
* E. maxima
* E. brunetti
* E. necatrix
* E. tenella

A

E.Necatrix and E.Tenella
Maxima = 5-6
Brunetti = 5
Necatrix = 6-7
Tenella = 6-7

75
Q

What is the incubation period of dourine?
* 1-2 months
* 3-4 weeks
* 14-16 days
* Can be several years

A

1-2 months

76
Q

Where do besnoitia cysts occur in cattle? (More than one may be right!)
* Respiratory mucosae
* Epidermis
* Sclera
* Genital mucosae

A
  • Respiratory mucosae
  • Epidermis
  • Sclera
  • Genital mucosae
77
Q

Which Eimeria sp. Is highly pathogenic in cattle?
* E. necatrix
* E. ellipsoidalis
* E. zuernii
* E. bakuensis

A

** E. zuernii**

78
Q

Which Sarcocystis sp. Has carnivores as intermediate hosts?
* S. rileyi
* S. procifelis
* S. cruzi
* S. neurona

A

S. neurona

79
Q

What is the main location of Eimeria tenella?
* Duodenum
* Caecum
* Rectum
* Jejunum

A

Caecum

Duodenum = Acervulina
Rectum = Brunetti
Jejunum = Maxima

80
Q

What is the most frequent cause of death in the case of nagana?
* Heart failure
* Pneumonia
* Rupture of spleen
* Renal failure

A

Heart failure

81
Q

What is the incubation period of canine babesiosis?
* 1 day (also peracute)
* 4-21 days
* 1-2 weeks
* 14-16 days

A

4-21 days

Approx 5-20Days

82
Q

Which tick genus includes the main vector of the large babesia of the dog in Europe?
* Hyalomma
* Ixodes
* Haemaphysalis
* Dermacentor

A

Dermacentor
* Large = B.canis
(R. sanguineus, D. Reticulatus)
* Small = B.Gibsoni (R.Sanguineus)

83
Q

Which tick can be the carrier for small babesia in dogs?

A

Rhipicephalus

84
Q

Breed disposition to Babesia: (more than one may be right)
* Dalmatian
* Spaniel
* German Shepherd
* Irish setter

A

Spaniel and Irish setter

85
Q

Which Giardia genotype occurs frequently in cattle?
* C
* D
* E
* F

A

E

86
Q

What is the end stage of Hepatozoon canis in ticks?
* Oocysts
* Syzygium
* Sporokinetes
* Free sporozoites

A

Oocysts

  • IM host = Dog, Coyote, Cat, Mink, Racoon (asex reprod.)
  • Final host = Rhipicephalus sanguinis
87
Q

In what can Encephalitozoon spores be found? (more than one answer maybe correct)
* Faeces
* Urine
* Sweating
* Respiratory secretion

A

Urine

88
Q

Which one is not a characteristic sign of surra?
* Anorexia
* Anaemia and haemorrhage
* Paralysis of hind quarters
* Diarrhoea

A

**Paralysis of hind quarters **

= surra, T.evansi
(neospora sometimes)

89
Q

Which characteristic of Klossiella species is exceptional among haemogregarines?
* Development is not restricted to cells of the haemolymphatic system
* They are homoxenous
* There may be 40-60 sporocysts in the oocysts
* Klossiella species are not haemogregarines

A

They are homoxenous
* Haemogregarines –> Mainly in cold Blooded Hosts (in RBC’s).
* Usually: Obligatory Heteroxenons
* 10-15 sporocysts in oocyst

90
Q

What is the form Naegleria fowleri does not have?
* Provided with two flagella
* Amoebic
* Cyst
* Provided with one flagellum

A

Provided with one flagellum

It is biflagelated

91
Q

In which animal does klossiellosis usually have pathogenic significance?
* Mouse
* Donkey
* Rat
* Horse

A

Mouse

  • K.muris more pathogenic
  • K. equi mostly apathogenic
92
Q

Which domestic animals do not have Eimeria species?
* Ducks
* Carnivores
* Horses
* Pigs

A

Carnivores
* I. Canis
* I.Felis
* I.Rivolta
* I.Ohioensis
* I. Burrows

Pig has: E.Deblicki, E.Polita, E.Scabra, E.Spinosa, I.Suis

93
Q

Which of the following does not cause haemorrhages?
* Eimeria anatis
* Tyzzeria perniciosa
* Eimeria danailovi
* Wenyonella philiplevinei

A

**Eimeria anatis **
= Is apathogenic

94
Q

Which clinical sign is not characteristic of encephalitozoonosis?
* Spasms
* Ataxy
* Posterior paralysis
* Torticollis

A

Spasms

* Posterior paralysis common in rabbits

95
Q

What is the most frequent cause of death during leishmaniasis?
* Septicemia
* Asphyxia
* Heart failure
* Renal failure

A

Renal failure

96
Q

What can typically result from the infection with cryptosporidium parvum?
* Crypt hypoplasia
* Fibrinous pseudomembranes
* Apoptosis
* Necrosis

A

Apoptosis

Parasite induced Apoptosis

Parasitology II (11 decks)

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