MT - Flatworms - Pictures Flashcards
Fasciola Hepatica = Common Liver fluke
Fasciola Hepatica
ventral side
Eggs
Liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica)
Eggs
Liver fluke (Fasciola Hepatica)
Miracidium (inside egg)
Fasciola Hepatica
Miracidium of fasciola hepatica (able to swim in the water, because its cilliated)
(Slide)
Intermediate host of Fasciola Hepatica
(one intermediate host)
GALBA TRUNCULATA
+ Other pulmonate fresh water snails
Sporocyst (not like a real cyst) with redia inside.
Fasciola Hepatica
Sporocyst
Fasciola Hepatica
(with redia inside)
Redia
Fasciola Hepatica
Redia
Fasciola Hepatica
Cercaria
Fasciola Hepatica
Metacercaria
F.Hepatica
Metacercaria
F.Hepatica
Metacercaria
F.Hepatica
Adult flukes (f.Hepatica)
Dorsal side with intestinal branches
Liver fluke in the billiary ducts (and liver tissuue)
F.Hepatica
MIDTERM!!
Necroscopic findings of F.Hepatica
Adult flukes in the bile duct
Young flukes are whiteish –> Adult darker grey ish
Necroscopic finding F.Hepatica
- Enlarged liver
- Blood filled tunnels in the parenchymal cross section of the liver.
- Oedema can be seen
Enlarged liver of the cattle
F.Hepatica
Fluid filled tunnels
Flukes can cause liver obstruction in the tunnels.
Dilated bile ducts and thickend wall.
F. Hepatica
After treatment. the affected area can be fibrotic (necrotic).(but regeneration in liver is possible - Causing some signs in the liver enzyme levels)
Acute form of F.Hepatica in the liver
Oedema
F.Hepatica
Flukes filled up the billiary bile duct.
With bloody tunnels
Liver fluke in billiary bile duct
SLIDES from class
Fasciola miracides magna
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Miracidium
(larva stage, with cilliated surface, but maybe not on a not fresh slide)
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Redia
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Sporocyst with redia inside
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Cercaria
FURCOCERCARIA
Schistosomatidosis (blood fluke)
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Metacercaria
Doubble walled making it resistant to the environment!!
- Outerwll destroyed by the chewing
- Inner wall destroyed by the enzymes
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Egg with the juvenile fluke
* Not so bigg
* Most of the cases more white ish and not so colourfull.
* 2 suckers can be seen.
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Adult fluke with genial organs
- Find headpart (conical)
- Suckers
- The organs
- The uterus
- The ovary gland in the beginning
- And the other is the testis in the end.
- Yolk glands at the edges
- Intstinal glands not seen because no blood content and it is mostly our slides are seen on the ventral side(intestinal organs are dorsal).
HISTOPATH –> Cross section of liver fluke
Check if spikes on it?
Developmental stages Fasciola Hepatica
Liver fluke egg (sedimentation)
- dark yellow ish/yellow ish
-
Dicrocoelium Dentriticum = Lancet fluke
Dicrocoeliosis
Dicrocoelium dendriticum = Lancet flukes
Dicrocoeliosis
Egg of dicocoelium sp
1st Intermediate host of Lancet fluke (Dicocoelium)
LAND SNAILS
(Zebrina species, Cepaea species)
2nd Intermediate host of Lancet fluke (Dicocoelium)
FORMICA ANTS
Metacercaria
Lancet fluke
Thick wall
Adult lancet fluke
Eggs become darker when maturing (posterior part)
Common liver fluke –> In the middle with conical head.
Lancet fluke –> Smaller around.
Necroscopy finding after LANCET FLUKE
Hepatic tissue
Hepatoid cells
Billary ducts, and inside them:
Liver fluke cross section
–> No spikes with the LANCET FLUKE
–> Brown eggs
- Huge amount of branches
MIDTERM!!
Dicrocoelium Dendriticum eggs
Lancet fluke eggs
Lighter one is not mature eggs
Adult Lancet fluke
To see the body with the suckers and organs
Histopath cross section of** Lancet fluke**
Filling the billiary duct
No spikes on the surface
Red darked coloured eggs
Big spot in the middle is the testis, but its dependong on the slide on where it is cut
Rumen fluke
PARAMPHISTOMIDOSIS
- PARAMPHISTOMUM and
- CALICOPHORON species
two species that occur in Europe
Egg of rumen fluke
- Similar to F.Hepatica
- BUT COLOURLESS or Greyish!!
Adult Rumen fluke
PARAMPHISTUMUM species
Paramphistumum (Rumen fluke)
Paramphistomum (rumen fluke)
- With huge ventral acetabulum posteriorly (can easily attach to mucosal layer)
Necroscopy findings
Duodenum
Juvenile flukes in the mucosa
Catharal and haemorhagic inflamation
Rumen fluke
- And how hey attach them self to the duodenal mucosa
Allive rumen flukes (redish)
Rumen fluke
- In necroscopic findings (greyish/paler pinkish colour)
Schistomatidosis
BLOOD FLUKE DISEASE
Not in handout, but two slides
Schistosoma Bovis,
Schistosoma Turkestanicum
egg
FURCOCERCARIA
Schistosomatidosis (Blood fluke)
Adult blood fluke (Schistosomatidosis)
Diphyllobothrium Latum Scolex with 2 suckers, elongated
Unarmed scolex with 4 suckers
Armed scolex with Rostellum
Armed scolex with hooks and suckers
Suckers dont eat, its just to attach them self to surfaces
Gravid proglottids
Tapeworm
Mature proglottidis
With ovary glands at the end of the segments
Between them = The testis
Genital opening at both sides (number and where depend on the species)
Tape worm
Immature Proglottidis
Tape worm
Scolex
Tape worm
Tape worm
Can easily be separated (fragile)
Tape worms in the small intestines
Can reach 5 meter or more (LONG)
Tenia type eggs
6-hooked oncosphere
Tape worm
Tenia type eggs
6-hooked oncosphare
Tape worm
Moniezia segment
2 set of genitalia, with 2 diff openings.
a= Moniezia Benedeni from cattle
b= Moniezia Expansa form sheep
Gravid segments - only eggs found
Moniezia Benedeni = right
Moniezia Expansa = left
Moniezia EXPANSA
Borderline is scattered
Moniezia Expansa
Egg
Triangular w/ six oncosphare fixed with ligaments to the wall of the egg
Moniezia Benedeni
Egg
quadrate w/ six oncosphare fixed with ligaments to the wall of the egg
Soil mites (Box mites)
Intermediate host of Moniezia species
(Tapeworm)
CYSTICERCOID
Left = in the body cavity of a soil mite.
Right = out from the mite
Moniezia species
Detection of soilmites (small mites), soil samples taken. Mites avoid alcohol.
Moniezia
Looks like pasta
Anaplocephalia = Equine tape worm
Egg of ANAPLOCEPHALIDES
Characteristic = looks like a hoof mark
Inside 6-oncosphere
Soil mites/Box mite = Intermediate host for Moniezia and anaplocephalides
ANAPLOCEPHALIDES
ANAPLOCEPHALIDES
ANAPLOCEPHALIDES
DIPYLIDUM CANINUM
in cats and dogs
FLEA or CUCUMBER TAPE WORM
Head (scolex) of DIPHYLIDIUM CANINUM
Its armed with rostellum wich can be protruded or pulled back (with hooks)
(left) Mature segment of Diphyllidum caninum with 2 set of genitalia and 2 genital openings on the both sides.
(Right) Gravid segments
- Immature segment of DIPHYLIDUM CANINUM
- ## Gravid segments are longer than broad
Headpart of Diphylidum caninum with rostellum
Mature segment of diphyllidum caninum
- Overy glends with own opening
- Small dots are testis
Gravid segment of diphyllidum caninum
- filled with eggs
- Genital organs disapear due to the filling of eggs
Empty Gravid segment of Diphylidum caninum
When proglottids are outside the environment they can move –> amoeboid movemet –> Then they can press out the coccoon,
Coccoon of Diphyllidum Caninum
= Eggs in a capsule
(Flea has coccon to)
Coccoon of diphyllidum caninum with 6 hoocked oncosphare(larva) inside the tenia type of eggs!
Egg of Diphylidum caninum with 6 hooked oncosphare inside
Flea larva
- After ingestion of the cocoon –> Lots of 6 coccon inside the eggs.
6 hooked oncosphare inside the larva
Diphilidum caninum
DIPHYLIDUM LATUM
Broad or Fish tape worm
DIPHYLIDUM LATUM
DIPHYLIDUM LATUM
Uterus filled with eggs
Diphylidum Latum Eggs
- not as yellow as F.Hepatica, more brownish
- Big and heavy = Can use sedimentation
Not tenia type eggs, but like F.Hepatica
**1st Intermediate host **of Diphylidum Latum = Tiny freshwater CRUSTACEANS
PROCERCOID will develop in their body
2nd intermediate host of Diphylidum Latum
= Fresh water fish (salmon)
In predator fish => Plerocercoid (arrow)
Elongated PROCERCOID
Diphylidum Latium
Strobila of tape worm
Brown ish spots in the middle!!
Diphylidum Latum (Broad tape worm)
How Diphylidum latum looks in our GI Tract.
METOCESTOIDES
With both Non-vertebrated and vertebrated host (border between them)
RAILLIETINA spp
Bird tape worm
Small intestines
Arthropods - intermed host
Genital openings and sexual organs in the middle
Unarmed scolex
RAILIIETINA spp
Tape worm of birds
In intestines of a chicken
RAILLIETINA spp
Tape worm of birds
Looks like a spinal chord
RAILLIETINA spp
Tape worm of birds
Tenia type egg = 6 hook oncosphare egg of Bird tape worm (Raillietina spp)
Other Bird tape worm species
DAVAINEA spp
Davainea spp egg
- Tenia type egg with 6 hoked oncosphare
HYMENOLEPSIS SPP
Summarizing picture
Summarizing picture
Well developed hooks of the Teania worms of carnivores
Left: Immature segment,
Middle: Mature segment
Right: Gravid segment
Highligted mature segment where you can see the two lobed ovaries, uterus and testis (small dots)
ALL SPECIES has tenia type eggs, so you cannot differentiate by the eggs –> Gravid segments help! Because of the branches of the uterus.
Segments looks like Diphylidium caninum because they are longer than broad. (But Diphylidum caninum has cocoon inside)
Structure of the genital opening can be distinguished by the naked eye!
Right pic –>Segment is shedd from the final host - reprod in final host
Canine Taenia worm with well developed rostellum with hooks making it easier for them to attach to the intestinal wall!
Found usually in the SMALL INTESTINES (remmember)
Taenia type segments with the special arangement of the genital openings.
Taenia worm segments
Immature, Mature, Gravid
GRAVID = They become longer
Strobila of taenia species in the small intestinal tract.
How you can differentiate by the different branch of the uterus in the different gravid segment
**Taenia type of egg
**- Thick shell
- Brown
- 6 hook oncosphare (1st larva stage)
MIDTERM
Taenia type of egg
Cysticergoid of Taenia worm
Can be found in box mites (as Moniezia, Diphylidium caninum, Anaplocephalides)
- Scolex part is invaginated
- No fluid in it
- Can also be protuding instead of invaginated
- Hooks can be found
Cysticercus (taenia worm) = Bladder worm
- Can be found in taenia species
- Same structure as the Cysticercoid (scolex invaginated or out)
- But it has FLUID!
Strobilacercus
- Taenia Taeniformis
- Exeption –> Segmentation on the scolex
- Larva stages show how the adults will look like
Cysticerci Pissiformis
In rabbits
Cysticercus Pisiformis migrating in the liver.
Blood filled tunnels
Remmember –> (Juvenile common liver fluke also migrates in the liver if you dont know that its a rabit)
Cysts are seen in the Liver and no dilated bilary ducts.
= Not F.Hepatica, but Custicercus Pisiformis
Cysticercus Pisiformis
Cysts in the liver
Chronic form of cysticercus pisiformis
–> Fibrosis
–> Liver cirhosis
Cysticerci Pisiformis
- On the visceral serosa
6-8weeks
Cysticercus on the liver (pisiformis)
Damaged tissue on the liver too
Cysticercus pisiformis on the serosa
Cysticercus Pisiformis on the omentum
One cysticercus, but NOT invaginated.
Scolex can be seen
Not invaginated custicercus, scolex can be seen.
**Cysticercus Tenuicolis
**
- Huge and filled with fluid
- Hepatophil
- Scolex is outside and not invaginated (upper right)
Cysticercus Tenuicolis
Invaginated scolex (left)
Out (right) because it got to heavy.
Cysticercus Tenuicolis
Cysticercus longicoli (Taenia Crassiceps)
Cysticercus Longicollis
Cysticercus Longicolis
Taenia Taeniformis
Strobilocercus Fasciolaris
Taenia Ovis - Cysticercus Ovis
Taenia Cervi - Cysticercus Cervi
Cysticercus Ovis or Cervi
Cysticercus ovis or cervi
Taenia form of humans
Taenia Saginata = exeption
- No hooks on rostellum, only 4 suckers
Taenia Saginata = More similar
Rostellum with hooks and 4 suckers
Beef measels from masseter muscle
Cysticercus Bovis (T.Saginata)
Cysticercus in skelletal muscle
Cysticercus bovis (T.Saginata)
Chronic phase of cysticercus (cheese like material inside the cysts)
Human tapeworm
Heart with cysticerci
Human tape worm
Cysticercus Cellulosae (T.Solium)
Larva from human eye
Operations is dangerous/not possible
Cysticerus Cellulosae (T.Solium)
In brain of humans
Operations is dangerous/not possible
Coenurus Cerebralis
(Taenia multiceps)
Larva form inside the Brain in small ruminants
Coenerus with scolices inside cyst
Coenerus Cerebralis (Taenia Multiceps)
Coneurus Cerebralis (T.Multiceps) –> Much bigger than Cysticercus Cellulossae
Coneurus Cerebralis
Inside whitish spots in fluid filled cysts –> Scolices = wont float free, because its attached to the wall.
When they reach the final size they cause lot of damage in the sheep.
Smaller, but when you look closer.
Still cannot cure or operate –> Thin wall.
Protoscolices cyst wall
Protoscolices cyst worm
From one coenerus –> hundreds of adult worms develop
Echinococcus Multiocularis
(5segments)
(Immatture, mature and gravid)
Echinococcus Granulosus
3 segments
(Mature, immature, gravid)
What kind of egg?
Taenia type of egg
Echinococcus species
Armed scolex
Echinococcus Hyatidosis, Protoscolices and daughter cysts inside.
3 layer wall
Echinococcus with 3 layers
- CT
- Cell free
- Germinative layer
- Emptyness = fluid
- Inside = Scolices/protoscolices –> Daugther cysts which are floating in this fluid.
Daugther cyst - Echinococcus hyatidosis
Which parasite?
Predilection site regarding species
Necroscopic finginf of Liver of Echinococcus Hyatidosus
Mainly in Liver = Cattle, Pig, Horse and humans
Mailnly in Lungs = Sheep and goat
Echinococus Hyatidosus
Cystic forms on the liver
Chronic Echinococcus hyatidosis
Echinococcus Hyatidosus cyst are mostly separated but can be conected as well (liver)
Echinococcus hyatidosus cyst can be huge in size
Operated out, but then you need to be lucky
Echinococcus Hyatidosus cyst cut, and you can see the thick wall.
Echinococcus that develop in rally short time does not have time to develop a thick wall.
Tiny adult ones, hard to see with neked eyes in the small intestioal wall.
What
Where
In which species
Echinococcus alveolaris
In the Liver of rodents
“Conected to eachother in Tumour/cancer like cavernosus”
Echinococcus Alveolaris with cavernous like appearance with gelous material.
Rodent infected with Echinococcus Multilocularis - Echinococcus Alveolaris.
3rd picture of th rodent when the liver is infected:
1. Cysticercus Pisiformis (Taenia pisiformis)
2. Cysticercus Longicollis (Taenia crassiceps)
3. Echinococcus Alveolaris (Echinococcus Multiocularis)
Echinococcus alveolaris
(Develop in a few weeks depending on the species)
Echinococcus alveolaris
Echinococcus Alveolaris
Wrong? Cause its Echinococcus Hyatidosis?
Picture is there to remind us that taenia species can be distinuished by?
The pattern of the branches of the gravid segments.
