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Opthalmology > PQ > Flashcards

PQ Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of corneal sample could not be taken without general anaesthesia

A: Virological sample
B: Microbiological sample
C: histopathology sample
D: cytological sample

A

D: cytological sample

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2
Q

Which animals have cilia on the lower eyelid

A

Dog

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3
Q

What is aphakia?

A: lack of the lens
B: any opacity in the lens
C: predisposition of the lens to glaucoma
D: congenital malformation of the lens

A

A: lack of the lens

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4
Q

CS of eq chronic uveitis

A

Permanent corneal opacity, cataract, sec. glaucoma, choroiditis, bulb atrophy

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5
Q

Why subpalpebral drainage

A

continuous eye drops in horse, Tarsorrhaphy

indications: painful ocular conditions, tarsorrhaphy,
long term therapy

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6
Q

What is the T-shaped cartilage

A

Cartilaginous skeleton at base of 3rd eyelid gland

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7
Q

CS of acute eq uveitis

A

enophtalmos, epiphora, ciliary injection into cornea, hypopyon, opacity

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8
Q

Anterior uveitis?

A

iritis, cyclitis

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9
Q

What is the job of the uvea?

A

prevent leakage of proteins to the eye. vascular part of bulbus

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10
Q

CS acute glaucoma

A

IOP>25 mmHg, opacity, mydriasis, no PLR!

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11
Q

Cannula for injection of air?

A

27G

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12
Q

Grid keratotomy:

A

Only in non-melting ulcers (sm animals)

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13
Q

Descemetocele

A

requires surgical intervention

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14
Q

Tear production

A

gland of 3rd eyelid, tear gland, and accessory tear gland

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15
Q

CS melting ulcer

A

pain, and uveitis, corneal edema, hypopyon

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16
Q

How are collagen fibres arranged?

A

parallel layers

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17
Q

What is corectopia?

A

abnormal location of pupil

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18
Q

Glands of the eyelid

A

Zeiss, Moll and tarsal gland

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19
Q

Multiple rows on upper lid

A

dog

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20
Q

What is TSCP

A

Transscleral laser cyclophotocoagulation at 35 sites 3 mm behind limbus

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21
Q

Most common tumor in uvea?

A

Melanoma

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22
Q

How does aqueous drain

A

Schlemm’s canal in iridocorneal angle and uveoscleral route

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23
Q

Human ophthalmology sutures

A

10/0 and 11/0 non-abs. atraumatic nylon

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24
Q

Which glands produce ptf

A

Lacrimal gl, gl of 3rd eyelid, tarsal gl, goblet cells in conjunctiva

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25
Q

Hereditary open angle glaucoma

A

Beagle and poodle, secondary: obstructive angle-uveitis

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26
Q

Consequence of increased IOP

A

Destroy all ocular structures

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27
Q

Which animals have cilia on the lower eyelid

A

dog

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28
Q

Systemic inj?

A

Only if inflamed! AB, hyperosmotic most common

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29
Q

What is chemosis?

A

Edematous swelling of conjunctiva

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30
Q

Conjunctival vessels

A

Bright red, vessels in fornix, adrenaline has good effect

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30
Q

CS of acute eq uveitis

A

Enophthalmos, epiphora, ciliary injection into cornea, hypopyon, opacity

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31
Q

Intraocular tampon

A

Cellulose

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32
Q

Signs of acute uveitis

A

Decreased IOP, miosis, cornea edema

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33
Q

Cataract surgery – which one has post lens capsule left intact?

A

ECE – extracapsular

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34
Q

Anterior synechiae

A

Iris adhere to cornea

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35
Q

What to evaluate in traumatic eyelid injury

A

Condition of globe and lacrimal puncta

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36
Q

When should you not dilate the pupil

A

Glaucoma and lens luxation

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37
Q

Iris tumors?

A

melanoma

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38
Q

What is corpora nigra?

A

Aid in control of light entering through the constricted pupil, only herbivores

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39
Q

Which part of fundus is pigmented

A

Non-tapetal fundus

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40
Q

Why conjunctival cyst

A

Obstruction of duct of conj.gl., ectopic glandular tissue

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41
Q

What is conjunctiva

A

Well vascularized mucous membran

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42
Q

What does ciliary body do

A

Structure in the eye that releases aqueous humour within the eye. Also contain ciliary muscle, which changes
the shape of the lens when your eyes focus (accommodation)

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43
Q

Most important drainage of aqueous in horses

A

uveoscleral

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44
Q

Reasons for retinal haemorrhage?

A

Cat with hypertension, ethylene glycol toxicosis, ehrlichiosis

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45
Q

What is symblepharon

A

Adhesion of conjunctiva on itself or on cornea

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46
Q

Parasympatholytic effect on the eye

A

Mydriasis and Cycloplegia-Inhibit parasympathomimetic and cause

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47
Q

CS of uveitis

A

Mitosis, blepharospasm, photophobia, epiphora

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48
Q

intravitreal injection?

A

At lat canthus, 2-3 mm from limbus, gentamycin inj in glaucoma

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49
Q

Reasons for corneal edema

A

Glaucoma, inflammations, endothelial dystrophy

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50
Q

Components of uvea

A

Iris, corpus ciliary, choroid

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51
Q

Absorption after topical administration ?

A

Most is washed out, conjunctival capillaries absorb, or penetrate cornea. Lipid sol. best (transcellular). (Water
sol – intracellular absorption)

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52
Q

Nasolacrimal drainage

A

Only when you can’t use subpalpebral

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53
Q

What is the point of intraocular surgery

A

improve drainage

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54
Q

Suspension?

A

Drug in small particles – tear dissolve it, longer contact time

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55
Q

How is CEA seen on ophthalmoscope?

A

Folds seen as epsilon like stripes

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56
Q

Trichiasis

A

Cilia arising from normal located follicles but are pointed in abnormal position

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57
Q

What is collie eye anomaly (CEA)/Retinal dysplasia(RD)

A

Scleral ectasia=sclera protrudes into the eye around area of optic nerve head

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58
Q

3rd eyelid flap

A

Protection and healing, ONLY small animals Stay for 2 weeks

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59
Q

Protrusion of T shaped cartilage?

A

Horse + dog, developmental problem, rare in LA, no sec. inflammations, no discharge/hyperemia

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60
Q

Corneal stromal abscess with fluorescein?

A

negative

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61
Q

Clinical signs of chronic uveitis:

A

Anterior synechiae- Iris adhered to cornea, Posterior synechiae-iris adheres to the lens. Dec IOP=Eye atrophy,
Inc IOP=Glaucoma

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62
Q

What is consequence of myositis

A

Eosinophilia, 3rd eyelid prolapse + eno/exophthalmos

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63
Q

Atropine uses

A

Dilate pupil. Diagnose severity of uveitis in horse

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64
Q

Posterior uveitis

A

choroiditis

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65
Q

Borders of anterior eye chamber

A

Iris, pupil and cornea

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66
Q

Ankyloblepharon

A

lid margin partially or total closure

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67
Q

How to do cyclophotocoagulation

A

Transscleral laser – destroy ciliary production

68
Q

Retinal detachment?

A

Separation of inner layer of retina from choroid – holes in retina

69
Q

Ciliary vessels (uveitis)?

A

Dark red, vessels at limbus, adrenaline has no effect

70
Q

Site of immune mediated disease

A

Pemphigus? Mucocutaneous junction

71
Q

Horse corneal ulcer pathogen

A

Step, staph, pseudomonas aerog. Fungi: aspergillus, fusarium

72
Q

What do you use for melting ulcer

A

Pedicle conjunctival graft transposition, free island conjunctival graft transposition, cornea transplantation,
tissue glue

73
Q

Secondary closed glaucoma?

A

Pupillary block or without pupillary block

74
Q

Who has tapetum cellulosum

A

carnivores

75
Q

Treatment cherry eye

A

Surgery, replace gland – Morgan’s technique, don’t cut off ‹ KCS

76
Q

Intraocular surgery of glaucoma?

A

Cyclodialysis, intracapsular lens extraction

77
Q

Viscoelastic material?

A

Methylcellulose injected into anterior chamber to replace aq. humor

78
Q

What does gland of 3rd eyelid do

A

Prod 30-50% of PTF, and in dog: 1/3 of tear productio

79
Q

What is lateral canthotomy

A

Cutting the lateral canthus (decompression technique in case of IOP)

80
Q

What is tarsorrhaphy

A

Suturing eyelids together

81
Q

Sympathomimetic drugs

A

Mydriasis, Adrenalin, Phenylephrin

82
Q

What is gonioscopy

A

Special lense and optical instrument to examine anterior chamber and determine ocular motility and rotation

83
Q

Layers of conjunctiva

A

PTF, epithelium,substantia propria –imm processes

84
Q

Sympatholytic drugs

A

Miosis and Timolol, Betaxolol

85
Q

AB for conjunctivitis

A

Neomycin and gentamicin

86
Q

Normal pressure of anterior chamber:

A

HORSE: 25 +/- 7 mmHg
SM Animal: 15-25 mmHg

87
Q

Subconjunctival injection?

A

Mostly corticosteroid, max 1ml in dorsal palpebra

88
Q

Most important outflow(drain) of aqueous in

A

Horse- Uveoscleral route

88
Q

What is John’s test

A

Fluorescent stain appear at nares after 1-10 minutes

89
Q

What is goniodysgenesis

A

And development of the iridocorneal angle – familial in C.spaniel, basset hound

90
Q

Cause of eq uveitis

A

Leptospira 80%, riboflavin def., hereditary, autoimmune

91
Q

Conjunctival tumor in dog

A

Papilloma virus, sq. cell carcinoma

92
Q

How much of eyelid can be removed

A

1/4th with V shaped incision

93
Q

Long term consequence of eq uveitis

A

Cataract, lens luxation, blindness

94
Q

Veterinary ophthalmology sutures

A

6-8/0 monofil/polyfil abs, atraumatic

95
Q

Which is not a general intervention in eye surgery

A

Medial canthotomy- lateral canthotomy is correct, medial is not

96
Q

Most common eyelid tumors

A

Adenoma/sarcoma/melanoma/papilloma.
Horse: sarcoid

97
Q

Indication for pars plana vitrectomy eq

A

Recurrent uveitis

98
Q

Which statement is true? About SPL:

A

Frequent topical treatment can be performed with a subpalpebral drain.

99
Q

Who has stars of winslow in the fundus

A

horse

100
Q

How to treat blepharospasm in horse

A

auriculopalpebral block

101
Q

Consequence of eq uveitis

A

Proteins and fibrocytes in aqueous humor and vitreous body

102
Q

What is important when applying clotrimazole (fungicide) and amitraz(antiparasitic)

A

No corneal drug contacts

103
Q

What is harder’s gland, and who have it

A

Deep portion of 3rd eyelid gland in pigs and rodents

104
Q

What do you immediately do with a horse with pink eyes

A

Fluorescein test

105
Q

IOP in chronic uveitis

A

Up or down (Eye atrophy)

106
Q

Where do fluid accumulate in case of corneal edema

A

In stroma

107
Q

What is cherry eye syndrome

A

Protrusion of 3rd eyelid gland, mostly dogs, bulldogs

108
Q

Lab test for blepharitis

A

Cotton swab, skin scraping, biopsy

109
Q

What is the fundus

A

Visible background of the eye seen through the dilated pupil (The fundus of the eye is the interior surface of
the eye opposite the lens and includes the retina, optic disc, macula, fovea, and posterior pole)

110
Q

Job of corpus ciliaris

A

Produce aqueous humor and accommodation

111
Q

How long can drain stay

A

3-4 weeks

112
Q

What breed is ectropion normal

A

Basset hound, bloodhound

113
Q

Connection of retina

A

2 sites behind the ciliary body (pars plana) and near optic nerve head

114
Q

What is the feature of the feline retina?

A

Cat has a rounded optical nerve disc/head. The vessels from the periphery of the retina.
The retinal vessels are originating from the periphery of the optic nerve head

115
Q

Cannula for inj of fluid?

A

30G

116
Q

Stay suture of globe

A

Into sclera, not penetrating, support for surgery, 3 and 9 o clock

116
Q

What is hordeolum internum

A

Purulent infl of lash follicle and meibomian (tarsal) gland

117
Q

Acute Glaucoma: describe changes

A

pain, conjunctival hyperemia, episcleral congestion, corneal edema, fixates wide pupil (no reaction to light),
IOP > 25mm, dislocation of lens, shallow anterior chamber, vision disturbances

118
Q

Entropion is never?

A

intermittent

119
Q

Most common tumor in uvea?

A

Melanoma in the iris, dogs and cats. Also malignant lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the mammary gl
metastasis to the eye

120
Q

How many layers in choroidea

A

4

121
Q

what is hordeolum externum

A

Purulent infl of lash follicle and zeis gl

122
Q

Solution?

A

pH 3.5-10, sterile, pH and T stabile

123
Q

Neuromuscular blocks used

A

Neuromuscular blocks used
Atracurium/ pancuronium 0.2mg/kg, paralyze breathing 30 min

123
Q

Tear test

A

Done without anesthesia

124
Q

Reason for glaucoma

A

Decreased angle of pectinate ligament, or defect draining, rare in cat

125
Q

Ointment

A

pH + T not important, disadvantage: inhibit corneal wound healing
Cannot be used intraocularly

126
Q

What is seen in PRA

A

Very reflective tapetum, atrophy of vessels, paleoptic nerve head

127
Q

Where does vascularization (pathologicalor healing) come from

A

Deep-ciliary, superficial-conjunctiva

128
Q

What is mydriasis

A

Dilation of pupil- sympathetic innervation: M dilator pupillae, gl. Lacrimalis (sympathomimetics, parasympatholytic)
What is miosis

129
Q

Job of iris

A

Regulate amount of light

130
Q

What does tetanus cause

A

Bilateral eversion of 3rd eyelid

131
Q

Districhasis

A

Additional cilia arising from abnormally located follicle in or near tarsal gland

132
Q

Who have tapetum fibrosum

A

herbivores

133
Q

Function of anterior epithelium?

A

Transport glucose from aqueous, produce lens cells

134
Q

What is miosis

A

Constriction of pupil
Parasympathetic innervation: M sphincter pupillae, M.ciliaris,gl. Lacrimalis (sympatholytics,
parasympathomimetics)

135
Q

Retrobulbar injection

A

Lower lateral quadrant into retrobulbar space, anesthetic for eye removal in cow, AB in small animals

136
Q

Which part of cornea has elastin collagen

A

Fibres- Descemet’s membrane

137
Q

Is eyeball ever affected?

A

No, just lid

138
Q

What does cyclodestructive surgery mean

A

Decrease aqueous production

139
Q

What is not true about phacoemulsification

A

ECE

140
Q

Why symblepharon

A

Young cats with viral conjunctivitis – FEHV (herpes)

141
Q

What to not do melting ulcer

A

Superficial keratectomy

142
Q

Chronic glaucoma

A

Vision disturbance, episcleral congestion, corneal edema, vascularization, pigmentation, descemet’s streaks,
fixated wide pupil, no reaction to light, iris and optic disc atrophy, iop incr or normal,
buphthalmos(enlargement of eyeball)

143
Q

What does parasympatholytic do

A

Block m sphincter papilla + ciliary muscle> mydriasis and cycloplegia
Atropine, tropicamide, homatropine, cyclopentolate

144
Q

What is hordeolum

A

Inflammation of sebaceous gl of eyelids. Microabscesses – Staph, aureus

145
Q

Regeneration of ant epithelium of lens?

A

limited

146
Q

Acquired ectropion

A

Trauma, cicatrix, fibrosis and contraction or periocular surgery

147
Q

Most common reason for uveitis in smallanimals

A

Idiopathic and autoimmune

148
Q

What is a sub palpebral lavage kit used for?

A

To provide long term frequent topical treatment

149
Q

The rose Bengal die stains

A

The necrotic and degenerated conjunctival and corneal epithelium

150
Q

When to culture/ take bacterial sample

A

Before topic anaesthesia

151
Q

General interventions in eye surgery

A

Third eyelid flap. Tarsorrhaphy, approach of the third eyelid, lateral canthotomy, placing stay sutures into the
eye globe

152
Q

Purkinje images

A

Presence of lens, opacity of lens

153
Q

Extraocular tampon

A

Cotton

154
Q

Diopter for fundus?

A

-1 to -3 (vitreous body 5, lens 8-12)

155
Q

What is ankyloblepharon

A

union, more or less extensive, of the edges of the eyelids

156
Q

Animals with absence of lower cilia

A

Cat horse cow

157
Q

Extirpation

A

Removal of globe and orbital stuff enucleation

158
Q

Prolapsed eye of cat best treatment

A

Best doesn’t say. Very few keep vision, so I would say evisceration or enucleation but which of these?

159
Q

Where is tapetum lucidum?

A

Between retina and choroid, pig has none

160
Q

What is Chalazion

A

Cyst of tarsal gl

161
Q

Conjunctival tumors in cattle

A

Squamous cell carcinoma, hemangiosarcoma

162
Q

Layers of cornea

A

PTF, Epith., stroma, descemet’s membrane, endoth

163
Q

Schirmer Tear test 1

A

done w/o anaesthesia

164
Q
A

Opthalmology (6 decks)

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