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Practical Research 2 > PPT3: Kinds and Types of Variables > Flashcards

PPT3: Kinds and Types of Variables Flashcards

1
Q

is defined as anything that has a quantity or quality that varies.

A

variable

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2
Q

are among the fundamental concepts of research together with measurement, validity, reliability, cause and effect and theory.

A

variable

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3
Q

the common variables in social research are a___ , sex, g_______, education, income, m_______status and occupation

A

the common variables in social research are age, sex, gender, education, income, marital status and occupation

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4
Q

all social research is based on defining v_________, looking for a__________ among them, and trying to understand whether one variable causes a___________.

A

all social research is based on defining variables, looking for associations among them, and trying to understand whether one variable causes another.

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5
Q

The things that are changing in an experiment are called

A

variable

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6
Q

is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.

A

variable

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7
Q

an entity that can take on different values.

A

variable

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8
Q

In other words, anything that can vary or change can be considered a

A

variable

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9
Q

Four TYPES of Variables

  1. N_________
  2. o______
  3. i_______
  4. r_____-
A

Four TYPES of Variables

  1. nominal
  2. ordinal
  3. interval
  4. ratio
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10
Q

represent categories that cannot be ordered in any particular way.

A

Nominal variables

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11
Q

, they are categories that cannot be arranged in a particular order

A

Nominal variables

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12
Q

Examples of these are biological sex (male vs. female), political affiliation, basketball fan affiliation, etc.

A

Nominal variables

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13
Q

is a type of variable that is used to name, label or categorize attributes that are being measured

A

Nominal variables

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14
Q

It takes qualitative values representing different categories, and there is no intrinsic ordering of these categories.

A

Nominal variables

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15
Q

This is the case when a person’s phone number, company identification number, postal code, etc. are being collected.

A

Nominal variables

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16
Q

Categories of Nominal Type Variable

  1. m_________ category
  2. u___________ category
A

Categories of Nominal Type Variable

  1. matched category
  2. unmatched category
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17
Q

what category of nominal type variable

all the values of the nominal variable are paired up or group so that each member of a group has similar characteristics except for the variable under investigation.

A

matched category

18
Q

what category of nominal type variable

is an independent sample of unrelated group of data and unlike in the matched category, the values in a group do not necessarily have similar characteristics

A

unmatched category

19
Q

represent categories that can be ordered from greatest to smallest.

A

Ordinal Type Variable

20
Q

Examples of _________ variables include education level (e.g. Grade 10, Grade 11. Grade 12), income brackets, etc.

A

Ordinal Variable

21
Q

is a type of measurement variable that takes values with an order or rank.

A

Ordinal Type Variable

22
Q

. It is the 2nd level of measurement and is an extension of the nominal variable.

A

Ordinal Type Variable

23
Q

Examples of ordinal type variable

  1. i_________ scale: ex. 13-19
  2. ordinal with n_________
  3. ordinal without n__________
A

Examples of ordinal type variable

  1. interval scale: ex. 13-19
  2. ordinal with numeric
  3. ordinal without numeric
24
Q

have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers.

A

Interval Type Variable

25
Q

. Examples of _________ ______ include temperature, a person’s net worth (how much money you have when you subtract your debt from your asset) etc.

A

Interval Type Variable

26
Q

Unlike ordinal variables that take values with no standardized scale, every point in the interval scale is ________________-.

A

equidistant

27
Q

have values that lie along an evenly dispersed range of numbers when there is an absolute zero, as opposed to net worth, which can have negative debt-to-income ratio-level variable.

A

Ratio Type variable

28
Q

The only difference between the ratio variable and interval variable is that the ratio variable already has a ____–value.

A

zero

29
Q

FIVE KINDS of Variables

Independent
Dependent
I_________/M_____________
Control; and
C__________

A

Independent
Dependent
Intervening/Mediating
Control; and
Confounding

30
Q

are those that probably cause, influence, or affect outcomes.

A

Independent-KIND Variable

31
Q

They are invariably called treatment, manipulated, antecedent or predictor variables.

A

Independent-KIND Variable

32
Q

is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure. For example, someone’s age/gender might be an independent variable

A

Independent-KIND Variable

33
Q

are those that depend on the independent variables. They are the outcomes or results of the influence of the independent variable.

A

Dependent-Kind Variable

34
Q

It is something that depends on other factors.

A

Dependent-Kind Variable

35
Q

“stand between” the independent and dependent variables.

A

Intervening/Mediating-Type Variable

36
Q

They show the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable

A

Intervening/Mediating-Type Variable

37
Q

is a hypothetical variable used to explain causal links between other variables.

A

Intervening/Mediating-Type Variable

38
Q

cannot be observed in an experiment (that’s why they are hypothetical).

A

Intervening/Mediating-Type Variable

39
Q

Special types of independent variables that are measured in a study because they potentially influence the dependent variable.

A

Control-kind Variable

40
Q

You use statistical procedures (e.g. analysis of variance) to control these variables

A

Control-kind Variable

41
Q

They may be demographic or personal variables that need to be “controlled” so that the true influence of the independent variable on the dependent can be determined.

A

Control-kind Variable

42
Q

Variables that are not actually measured or observed in a study.

A

Confounding-Kind Variable

Practical Research 2 (6 decks)

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